U 90 ne contribUtion de ans T A O du Tribunal administratif L I e de l’Organisation internationale h t of du Travail à la création d’un droit n o de la fonction publique internationale i t u b i r t n 90 o years of contribUtion c f o of the Administrative Tribunal of s r a e the International Labour Organization y 0 9 to the creation of international civil service law / T I ILO O Administrative A T Edited by: Dražen Petrović TRIBUNAL u d s administratif n de l’OIT a 0 9 e d n o i t u b ri 33550000 -33889944 t n o 333000000000 -333555000000 c 33000000--33550000 e n U 2222555500000000 -33333000000000000000 2222200000000000000000--222222666660000000000 1500 - 2500 500 - 1000 11111---555550000000000 UNE CONTRIBUTION DE 90 ANS DU TRIBUNAL ADMINISTRATIF DE L’ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DU TRAVAIL À LA CRÉATION D’UN DROIT DE LA FONCTION PUBLIQUE INTERNATIONALE 90 YEARS OF CONTRIBUTION OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION TO THE CREATION OF INTERNATIONAL CIVIL SERVICE LAW Copyright © International Labour Organization 2017 First published 2017 Première édition 2017 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Licensing), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with a reproduction rights organization may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. 90 years of contribution of the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization to the creation of international civil service law - Geneva, ILO, 2017 Une contribution de 90 ans du Tribunal administratif de l’Organisation internationale du Travail à la création d’un droit de la fonction publique internationales. UNE CONTRIBUTION DE 90 ANS ISBN 978-92-2-030688-8 (print) ISBN 978-92-2-030690-1 (web pdf) du Tribunal administratif de l’Organisation internationale du Travail à la création d’un droit de la fonction publique internationale The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. 90 YEARS OF CONTRIBUTION The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them. of the Administrative Tribunal Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the International Labour Office, and any failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval. of the International Labour Organization ILO publications and digital products can be obtained through major booksellers and digital distribution platforms, or ordered directly from to the creation of international civil service law [email protected]. For more information, visit our website: www.ilo.org/publns or contact [email protected]. Printed in Switzerland Edited by Dražen Petrovic´ This publication was produced by the Document and Publications Production, Printing and Distribution Branch (PRODOC) of the ILO. Graphic and typographic design, layout and composition, manuscript preparation, copy editing, proofreading, printing, electronic publishing and distribution. PRODOC endeavours to use paper sourced from forests managed in an environmentally sustainable and socially responsible manner. Code: DTP-CORR-PAP-REPRO Geneva/Genève 2017 UNE CONTRIBUTION DE 90 ANS du Tribunal administratif de l’Organisation internationale du Travail à la création d’un droit de la fonction publique internationale 90 YEARS OF CONTRIBUTION of the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization to the creation of international civil service law Edited by Dražen Petrovic´ ILO Administrative TRIBUNAL administratif de l’OIT Geneva/Genève 2017 EDITOR’S NOTE The organization of an event that would bring together in the same room judges of the ILO Administrative Tribunal and legal experts who are concerned by and interested in the case law of the Tribunal was long overdue. This was finally achieved on 5 May 2017. A limited but notable list of panellists included lawyers representing staff unions, complainants, international organizations, as well as judges and legal officers of other courts of justice or administrative tribunals. The participation of some 200 persons in the symposium demonstrates the strong interest that topics concerning international civil service law can trigger. It seemed regrettable not to record the event in writing for those who could not attend the symposium, or who will be dealing with the topics covered by its agenda in the future. That is why the present book is being published. The panellists kindly agreed to revise their The present book arises presentations in a format suitable for a book and I have out of a symposium that to express my deepest gratitude for their high-quality essays. the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Most of the panellists are employed by different Organization organized institutions. It goes without saying that the views on 5 May 2017 to celebrate presented in their essays are personal and do not necessarily represent the views of those institutions. the 90 years of its existence and its 125th Session The organization of the symposium would not have held in 2017. been possible without tireless efforts of Ms Fabienne Corsion Offre from the Tribunal’s Registry. The Registry was assisted by the able staff of the ILO Conference Service throughout the symposium and I express my sincere appreciation for their assistance. Many people have helped in the preparation of the book. I am very grateful to all of them for their contribution but let me thank particularly Ms Fabienne Corsion Offre. My thanks go also to Ms Yusra Suedi from Geneva University, who pre-edited and reviewed all texts. I thank also my colleagues from ILO unit PRODOC for their continuing support, availability and great work done in preparation of this book. Dražen Petrovic´ November 2017 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS / TABLE DES MATIÈRES EDITOR’S NOTE ...................................................................................................5 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................11 Claude Rouiller ............................................................................13 Guy Ryder ....................................................................................15 Drazˇen Petrovic´ ............................................................................19 Longest-existing international administrative tribunal: History, main characteristics and current challenges PART I / PARTIE I ..............................................................................................31 The various facets of the law governing the relations between international civil servants and international organisations / Les différents aspects du droit applicable aux relations entre les fonctionnaires internationaux et les organisations internationales Chloé Charbonneau-Jobin ..............................................................33 Tu patere legem quam ipse fecisti : une perspective syndicale Celia Goldman..............................................................................43 Finding the law of the international civil service in the jurisprudence of sister tribunals Dr Christian Rohde .......................................................................53 Organizational practice as a source of law PART II / PARTIE II ............................................................................................75 General principles applied by the Tribunal / Principes généraux appliqués par le Tribunal Laurent Germond..........................................................................77 L’omniprésence du devoir de sollicitude dans la jurisprudence récente du Tribunal administratif de l’Organisation internationale du Travail 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS / TABLE DES MATIÈRES Guido Raimondi ...........................................................................99 La jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme sur le droit de la fonction publique internationale Dr Eva-Maria Gröniger-Voss, A. Kristen Baxter, Arthur Nguyen dao ....109 The principle of acquired rights with particular focus on the jurisprudence of the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization Jean-Pierre Isselé .......................................................................129 Les leçons à tirer de la pratique de la Cour internationale de Justice en matière de réformation de jugements du Tribunal administratif de l’Organisation internationale du Travail: problèmes soulevés par le principe de l’égalité devant la Cour PART III / PARTIE III ........................................................................................135 Milestones of the Tribunal’s case law / Grandes étapes de la jurisprudence du Tribunal Donata Rugarabamu ........................................................................137 Milestones in the jurisprudence of the International Labour Organization Administrative Tribunal: Guiding international organizations and their personnel in addressing harassment Jean-Didier Sicault ....................................................................153 Le contrôle du Tribunal en matière salariale dans le cadre du régime commun des Nations Unies Sigrid Arlen................................................................................167 La notion de fonctionnaire international Laurence Fauth ..........................................................................183 Due process and equality of arms in the internal appeal: New developments from Judgments 3586 and 3688 Closing remarks by Judge Giuseppe Barbagallo ................................................193 8 TABLE OF CONTENTS / TABLE DES MATIÈRES Judges of the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization Juges du Tribunal administratif de l’Organisation internationale du Travail ............................ 201 Registrars of the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization Greffiers du Tribunal administratif de l’Organisation internationale du Travail ........................ 205 Index ...............................................................................................................207 Programme of the symposium in honour of the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization / Programme du colloque en l’honneur du Tribunal administratif de l’Organisation internationale du Travail Photos 9 INTRODUCTION ¡ C R laude ouilleR Président du Tribunal administratif de l’OIT President of the Administrative Tribunal of the ILO ¡ G R uy ydeR Directeur général du BIT Director-General of the ILO ¡ d ˇ P ´ Razen etRoviC Greffier du Tribunal administratif de l’OIT Registrar of the Administrative Tribunal of the ILO 11 CLAUDE ROUILLER Président du Tribunal (jusqu’au 30 juin 2017) Mesdames et Messieurs, En ma qualité de Président du Tribunal administratif de l’Organisation internatio- nale du Travail, et au nom de ce Tribunal et de ses membres, M. le Vice-président Barbagallo, Mme le juge Hansen, M. le juge Frydman, M. le juge Moore, M. le juge Sir Hugh Rawlins et Mme le juge Diakité, j’ai l’honneur d’ouvrir ce colloque inti- tulé «Une contribution de 90 ans à la création d’un droit de la fonction publique internationale». Cette rencontre est un plaisir personnel, non seulement en raison du nombre de participants, mais aussi parce qu’elle se déroule dans la bonne ville de Genève, c’est-à-dire dans mon pays, la Confédération suisse. Genève, appelée ville de Calvin ou ville de Rousseau, mais, pour moi qui suis un humaniste indécrottable, elle est avant tout la ville de la Croix-Rouge, dont l’institution à la fin du XIXe siècle fut le début de l’installation à Genève d’un grand nombre d’organisations internationales des plus diverses. La Suisse doit beaucoup à ces organisations pour lesquelles elle accomplit sans réserve les tâches d’accompagnement nécessaires. Pourquoi ce colloque? Et pourquoi ce colloque aujourd’hui? Ce colloque est une sorte de dérogation à la manière de communiquer des magistrats, qui n’ont pas en principe à débattre hors du prétoire. Mais il se trouve que nous vivons aujourd’hui au sein d’une société, dite informatisée ou globalisée, dans laquelle les juges peuvent être appelés à participer au débat public pour entendre du plus près possible l’opinion de ceux qui subissent leur force et leurs jugements. Pourquoi ce colloque aujourd’hui? Pour deux raisons. Tout d’abord, le Tribunal a été créé il y a quatre-vingt-dix ans et c’est là encore un grand jour que, par exemple, les municipalités chez nous fêtent avec des fleurs, des discours et parfois même un fauteuil, que l’on donne comme cadeau aux jubilaires – cadeau à vrai dire assez déplacé. 13