ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Published in the United States of America by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.rowmanlittlefield.com Estover Road Plymouth PL6 7PY United Kingdom Copyright © 2007 by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Understanding inequality: the intersection of race/ethnicity, class, and gender / edited by Barbara A. Arrighi.—2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 9781461646549 1. Equality—United States. 2. United States—Social conditions. 3. Minorities— United States—Social conditions. 4. Social classes—United States. 5. Sex role —United States. I. Arrighi, Barbara. HN90.S6U53 2006 305.0973—dc22 2006019621 Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992. For My family Table of Contents Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Preface Acknowledgments Introduction I - HELPFLIL CONCEPTUAL TOOLS 1 - Mysterious Power of Social Structures 2 - “They” Are All the Same, but Each Member of My Group is Unique II - EMBEDDED IDEOLOGY 3 - Black Women and Feminism 4 - Divining Our Racial Themes 5 - Size 6 III - THE OTHER WEARS MANY FACES 6 - Diversity and Its Discontents 7 - Coping With the Alienation of White, Male Students 8 - The Second Sex IV - STRUCTURED INEQUALITY—THE INVISIBLE IRON CAGE OF CLASS 9 - The Double-Bind of the “Working-Class,” Feminist Academic 10 - (In) Secure Times V - STRUCTURED INEQUALITY—RACE/ETHNICITY 11 - A Black Woman Took My Job 12 - Are Men Marginal to the Family? 13 - Policing the Ghetto Underclass 14 - America’s Iron Curtain 15 - The Heartland’s Raw Deal VI - STRUCTURED INEQUALITY-ACQUIRING GENDER 16 - Bodies that Matter 17 - Believing Is Seeing 18 - Toward Safer Societies 19 - Tomboys Yes, Janegirls Never 20 - Hormonal Hurricanes VII - CORPORATE GATEKEEPING 21 - Talking from 9 to 5 22 - Women in the Power Elite 23 - Women above the Glass Ceiling 24 - Invisible Women VIII - WOMEN’S EQUALITY 25 - Women against Women 26 - Where the Girls Are 27 - Mating, Marriage, and the Marketplace IX - THE PRICE OF DEVIANCE 28 - The Unruly Woman 29 - Black Man with a Nose Job 30 - Hitting Bottom 31 - Older Men as Invisible Men in Contemporary Society X - PATRIARCHY AND ITS CONSEQUENCES 32 - The Subjection of Women 33 - Real Rape 34 - Clarence Thomas, Patriarchal Discourse, and Public/Private Spheres XI - EQUALITY AND THE MILLENNIUM 35 - How Harvard Helped Curb Title IX’s Role in Admitting Women 36 - Downsizing Higher Education Epilogue Index About the Editor Preface My primary goal in editing this text was to create a reader that would encourage students to think in new ways about old issues. In order to achieve that goal, I knew it was imperative to include a mixture of scholarly, research-oriented readings and essays that would elicit classroom discussion. As a writer and researcher, the highest praise I can offer my colleagues whose work is included here is that I wish I had been the author of the fine writing assembled in this reader. The selections have been excerpted to a digestible length and degree of difficulty suitable for undergraduate courses. I think readability has been achieved without jeopardizing the integrity of the writing or intent of the authors. Having said that, it is my sincere hope the selections will whet your appetite so that you will read the original sources in their entirety. You will not be disappointed.