UWP: Rupp&Freeman.: Understanding and Teaching U.S. Lesbian … page i Under stand ing and Teachi ng U.S. Lesb ian, Gay, Bis ex ual, and Transg en der His tory UWP: Rupp&Freeman.: Understanding and Teaching U.S. Lesbian … page ii The Har vey Goldb erg Se ries for Unders tandi ng and Teach ing His tory The Harvey Goldberg Series for Understanding and Teaching History gives college and secondary history instructors a deeper understanding of the past as well as the tools to help them teach it creatively and effectively. Each volume focuses on a specific historical topic and offers a wealth of content and resources, providing concrete examples of how teachers can approach the subject in the classroom. Named for Harvey Goldberg, a professor renowned for his history teaching at Oberlin College, Ohio State University, and the University of Wisconsin from the 1960s to the 1980s, the series reflects Goldberg’s commitment to helping students think critically about the past with the goal of creating a better future. For more information, please visit www.GoldbergSeries.org. Series Editors John Day Tully is an associate professor of history at Central Connecticut State University and was the founding director of the Harvey Goldberg Center for Excellence in Teaching at Ohio State University. Matthew Masur is an associate professor of history at Saint Anselm College, where he is codirector of the Father Guerin Center for Teaching Excellence. He is a member of the Teaching Committee of the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations and writes on American-Vietnamese relations. Brad Austin is a professor of history at Salem State University. He has served as chair of the American Historical Association’s Teaching Prize Committee and has worked with hundreds of secondary school teachers as the academic coordinator of many Teaching American History grants. Advisory Board Kevin Boyle Northwestern University Ross Dunn Professor Emeritus, San Diego State University Leon Fink UIC Distinguished Professor of History, University of Illinois at Chicago Kimberly Ibach Meeker High School, Meeker, Colorado Alfred W. McCoy J.R.W. Smail Professor of History, Director, Harvey Goldberg Center for the Study of Contemporary History, University of Wisconsin–Madison David J. Staley Director, Harvey Goldberg Center for Excellence in Teaching, Ohio State University Maggie Tran McLean High School, McLean, Virginia Sam Wineburg Margaret Jacks Professor of Education and (by courtesy) of History, Director, Stanford History Education Group, Stanford University UWP: Rupp&Freeman.: Understanding and Teaching U.S. Lesbian … page iii Unders tand ing and Teach ing U.S. Lesb ian, Gay, Bis ex ual, and Transg end er His tory Ed ited by Leila J. Rupp Susan K. Freem an The Univ ers ity of Wis cons in Press UWP: Rupp&Freeman.: Understanding and Teaching U.S. Lesbian … page iv The Univ ers ity of Wisc on sin Press 1930 Mon roe Street, 3rd Floor Mad i son, Wis con sin 53711-2059 uw press.wisc.edu 3 Henr ietta Street, Co vent Gar den Lon don WC2E 8LU, United Kingd om eu ros pan book store.com Copy right © 2014 The Board of Reg ents of the Univ ers ity of Wisc ons in System All rights res erved. Ex cept in the case of brief quot a tions em bed ded in criti cal art i cles and re views, no part of this pub li ca tion may be re pro duced, stored in a re trieval system, trans mit ted in any for mat or by any means—dig i tal, elec tronic, me chan i cal, photo cop y ing, re cord ing, or oth er wise—or con veyed via the Inter net or a web site with out writ ten per mis sion of the Uni ver sity of Wis con sin Press. Rights in quir ies should be di rected to rights@uw press.wisc.edu. Printed in the United States of Amer ica Li brary of Con gress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Under stand ing and teachi ng U.S. lesb ian, gay, bi sex ual, and trans gen der hist ory / ed ited by Leila J. Rupp and Susan K. Freem an. pages cm — (The Harv ey Goldb erg se ries for unders tandi ng and teach ing his tory) In cludes bib lio graph i cal refe r ences and index. ISBN 978-0-299-30244-3 (pbk.: alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-299-30243-6 (e-book) 1. Gay and lesb ian studi es—Study and teachi ng— United States. 2. Sex ual min or ities—Hist ory—Study and teachi ng— United States. I. Rupp, Leila J., 1950–, edi tor of com pil a tion. II. Free man, Susan Kathl een, edi tor of com pil a tion. III. Se ries: Har vey Goldb erg se ries for unders tand ing and teach ing his tory. HQ75.16.U6U53 2015 306.76071—dc23 2014009612 UWP: Rupp&Freeman.: Understanding and Teaching U.S. Lesbian … page v Con tents Pref ace ix Introd uct ion The Ins and Outs of U.S. His tory: Intro duc ing Stu dents to a Queer Past 3 susan k. free man and leila j. rupp Outi ng the Past: U.S. Queer His tory in Glo bal Per spect ive 17 leila j. rupp Part One: The Chal lenge of Teach ing Les bian, Gay, Bi sex ual, and Trans gend er Hist ory Forty Years and Count ing 33 john d’emilio Putt ing Ideas into Pract ice: High School Teache rs Talk about In cor po rat ing the LGBT Past 47 dan iel hurew itz Quest ions, Not Test An swers: Teach ing LGBT His tory in Publ ic Schools 77 emily k. hob son and fel i cia t. perez Obs erv ing Dif fer ence: To ward a Ped a gogy of His tor i cal and Cul tural Inter sec tions 92 kevin mum ford v one line long UWP: Rupp&Freeman.: Understanding and Teaching U.S. Lesbian … page vi contents Part Two: Top ics in Les bian, Gay, Bi sex ual, and Transg en der Hist ory Transf orm ing the Cur ric u lum: The In clu sion of the Ex per i ences of Trans Peop le 111 genny bee myn Sex ual Di ver sity in Early Amer ica 123 thomas a. fos ter Nineteenth-Century Male Love Sto ries and Sex Sto ries 132 david d. doyle jr. Rom an tic Friends hip: Ex plor ing Mod ern Cat e go ries of Sex u al ity, Love, and De sire between Women 143 dáˇsa franˇcíková In dus trial Cap i tal ism and Emer gent Sex ual Cul tures 153 red vau ghan tremm el Men and Women Like That: Re gional Iden tities and Rural Sexu al Cul tures in the South and Pa cific North west 166 colin r. john son The Other War: Gay Men and Les bians in the Sec ond World War 178 mar i lyn e. he garty The Red Scare’s Lav en der Cou sin: The Con struct ion of the Cold War Cit i zen 186 david k. john son Publ ic Fig ures, Pri vate Lives: El eanor Roose velt, J. Edgar Hoover, and a Queer Pol it i cal His tory 199 claire bond pot ter Com mu nity and Civil Rights in the Kin sey Era 213 craig m. lof tin vi UWP: Rupp&Freeman.: Understanding and Teaching U.S. Lesbian … page vii Contents Queers of Hope, Gays of Rage: Re ex am in ing the Six ties in the Classr oom 224 ian lekus Sex ual Rights and Wrongs: Teach ing the U.S. Su preme Court’s Great est Gay and Les bian Hits 238 marc stein Queer Gene r a tions: Teach ing the His tory of Same-Sex Pa rent ing since the Sec ond World War 254 dan iel riv ers The New Right’s Anti gay Back lash 265 whit ney strub How to Teach AIDS in a U.S. His tory Sur vey 279 jen nif er brier “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell”: The Pol i tics of Mil i tary Change 289 aaron bel kin Teachi ng Same-Sex Mar riage as U.S. His tory 295 shan non weber Part Three: Dis cov ery and Inter pre ta tion of Lesb ian, Gay, Bi sex ual, and Trans gend er Hist ory His tory as So cial Change: Queer Archives and Oral His tory Pro jects 311 nan al a milla boyd Teachi ng LGBT Hist ory through Fic tion: A Story-Logic Ap proach to the Prob lems of Nam ing and Ev i dence 320 norm an w. jones Screeni ng the Queer Past: Teach ing LGBT Hist ory with Doc u men tary Films 331 nicho las l. sy rett vii UWP: Rupp&Freeman.: Understanding and Teaching U.S. Lesbian … page viii contents Popu lar Cul ture: Using Tele vi sion, Film, and the Media to Exp lore LGBT Hist ory 343 sharon ullm an Queer Hist ory Goes Dig i tal: Using Out his tory.org in the Class room 352 cathe rine o. jac quet Con trib u tors 365 Index 371 viii UWP: Rupp&Freeman.: Understanding and Teaching U.S. Lesbian … page ix Pref ace As the title of this book an nounces, it is de signed for those who teach U.S. his tory at the sec ond ary or uni vers ity level and want to in te grate les bian, gay, bi sexu al, and trans gend er his tory into the U.S. his tory cur ric u lum. But we also hope it will reach anyo ne who sim ply wants to under stand what queer his tory has to add to the tra di tional his tor i cal nar ra tive. We offer here in spir ing sto ries of teach ers in the trenches, short ess ays on top i cal and chrono log i cal slices of hist ory that sum up what we know, and re flec tions on a var iety of means of ac cess ing queer his tory for use in the classr oom and bey ond. The en thu siasm with which the twenty-seven au thors fea tured in these pages re sponded to our re quest to con trib ute to this vol ume is a sign of how com mit ted schol ars and teach ers of queer his tory are to mak ing a diff er ence. Di gest ing the schola r ship on a par ticu lar topic and think ing through the ways that it can be in cor po rated in a U.S. his tory sur vey, re flect ing on the ex pe ri ence of teach ing in a way that speaks to oth ers, and lay ing out dif fer ent re sources that en gage stu dents are all ex er cises very diff ere nt from eng agi ng in hist ori cal res earch and pre- sent ing it in art i cle or book form. They are also, sad to say, less re warded kinds of con tri bu tions in many ac a demic in sti tu tions. We are grate ful to all the schol ars and teach ers who took time from their busy sched ules to craft these es says. That our con trib u tors con tinue to ex press their be lief in the im por tance of this pro ject means more to us than they can know. We would also like to thank the se ries ed i tors, John Tully, Mat thew Masur, and Brad Aus tin, all for mer col leagues in the De part ment of His tory at Ohio State Uni ver sity. Their com mit ment to this book, only the sec ond in the Har vey Gold berg se ries, gives us con fi dence that those of us who are les bian, gay, bi sex ual, or trans gen der are not the only ones who care about this his tory. We are also grate ful to the terr ific ix