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No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the publisher. ■ 77?e- S/o/i/at' fer/'os' o/ IDE PROPHET'S (0MPAHI0HS Uhe Second Caliph of Sslam 'UMAR B i n A l - K h a t t a b Abdul Basit Ahmad Edited by Abu Taymiyyah Shafiq Siddiq jib DARUSSALAM DARUSSALAM YOUR AUTHENTIC SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE Riyadh • Jeddah • Al-Khobar • Sharjah Lahore « London • Houston • New York t/te . \asnooy ^'l//aA, t/t& .M ost &radousy, t/e Jltfost jff^raful © Maktaba Dar-us-Salam, 2014 King Fahd National Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ahmad, Abdul Basit Umar bin A1 Khattab./Abdul Basit Ahmad.- Riyadh. 2014 48 p : 17cm X 24 cm ISBN:978-603-500-314-8 1-Umar ibn Al-Khattab, Caliph, - 664 2-Companions & Successors of the Prophet I-Title 239.9 dc 1435/4850 L.D. no. 1435/4850 ISBN: 987-603-500-314-8 '<■ 1 f > ^ £* L* 1 (J i>-j ^ <, >* " ^ •1> <J* C^23 <>* ^S-t^ !^ jJj\ y jo U ^ _p2iu "Among the believers are men who have been true to their covenant with Allah [i.e. they have gone out for Jihad (holy fighting), and showed not their backs to the disbelievers]; of them some have fulfilled their obligations (i.e. have been martyred); and some of them are still waiting, but they have never changed [i.e. They never proved treacherous to their covenant which they concluded with Allah] in the least." (33:23) Contents Publisher's Note......................................................................7 Foreword................................................................................9 Introduction - The Prophet's Companions........................11 Background...........................................................................14 Intentions to Kill the Prophet it.........................................16 Signs of Change....................................................................17 Meeting the Prophet M.........................................................18 'Umar Declares His Conversion to Islam Publicly 19 Oppression & Tyranny........................................................19 Attempts to Seek Protection...............................................20 'Umar Emigrates to Al-Madinah.......................................21 Attempts to Recover the Stolen Property..........................22 The Battle of Badr.................................................................23 Other Challenges against Islam.........................................25 The Treaty.............................................................................26 Conquest of Makkah............................................................27 The Prophet Passes Away...................................................28 The Selection of the Caliph.................................................29 Achievements of 'Umar 4*> during His Rule......................30 Care for the Nation..............................................................34 Honorable Treatment of Conquered People......................34 s t Conquests in Iraq and Iran.................................................35 n Conquests in Syria and Palestine.......................................41 e Conquest of Egypt................................................................44 t Humility...............................................................................44 n Justice....................................................................................45 o Fear of Allah.........................................................................46 C Sound Judgment...................................................................46 Wvi V. ‘ Publisher's Note W Publisher's Note / //praises are due to Allah, the Lord t y X / ^ 7 of all that exists. May Allah's peace and blessings be upon His final Prophet and Messenger, Muhammad, his family and his Companions. Darussalam is pleased to present this valuable series, 'The Golden Series of the Prophet's Companions', to the Muslim youth. The purpose of these books is to enlighten our youth about the lives of the greatest heroes of Islam, the Prophet's Companions. Also, we wish to increase the enthusiasm of the Muslim youth for following and adhering to their religion. In this way, these books achieve two very important tasks: educating our youth and encouraging them to be good Muslims. This book titled, 'Umar bin Al-Khattab - The Second Caliph of Islam' is the life story of one of the closest Companions of the Prophet 'Umar 4* was a bitter enemy of Islam but when he submitted to it, the Muslims felt strong enough to stand in the face of oppression. His life was a true dedication to the support of Islam and the Publisher's Note Prophet M- When he emigrated to Al-Madinah in daylight, he challenged the chiefs of the Quraysh to stop him but not a single one of them dared to stand in his way. We hope that these books are beneficial to our Muslim youth, as they are the future of Islam. We, at Darussalam realize the importance of good Islamic literature for Muslim youth, especially in the West where non-Islamic influences are very strong. For this reason, we feel that the availability of this series will be a valuable aid in instilling a genuine love for Islam in our youth. We would like to thank the author, Mr. Abdul Basit Ahmad, as well as the editors, Mr. Aqeel Walker and Mr. Muhammad 'Ayub Sapra for their diligent work in preparing this series. As Allah says: "Is there any reward for good other than good?" (Ar-Rahman, 60) And our final invocation is that all praises are due to Allah, the Lord of all that exists. Abdul Malik Mujahid General Manager October 2012 Dhul Hijjah 1433 Foreword Foreword Human beings tend to be unjust in their dealings with each other, especially when there is no divine guidance that directs them to be just to each other. To act justly with others under all conditions, one must be endowed with the great blessings of self-denial and humility Injustice becomes quite clear when it comes from a ruler, because abuse of power usually prevails in his dealings with his subjects unless he is guided by divine teachings. Over history, few rulers have been rightfully called 'just'. The most distinguished among those rulers is our hero, 'Umar bin Al-Khattab <#>, the second Caliph of Islam. 'Umar ^ embodied many examples of justice known before and after him and he saw much of that from the Prophet (pbuh), for he was the one who taught him how to be just towards others. He acted justly with all his