CONTENTS Page FOREWORD ........................................................................... 13 PART 1 THE BEGINNING OF A JOURNEY Chapter 1 CROSSROADS OF AERODYNAMICS........................................... 19 2 AERODYNAMIC SAUCERS ................................................... 29 3 LIMITATIONS OF ROCKETRY................................................... 45 4 GRAVITY AND MAGNETISM................................................... 60 5 GRAVITATION AND THE ETHER ......................................... 72 6 THE PRESENT STATE OF THE ART.......................................... 89 7 GRAVITATIONAL SPACE SHIP ......................................... 101 PART 2 ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNICALLY CORROBORATIVE EVIDENCE 8 THE G. FIELD THEORY .................................................... 115 9 G. FIELD LIFT EFFECTS .................................................... 132 10 ACCOMPANYING PHENOMENA ......................................... 141 11 ANALYSIS OF TECHNICALLY CORROBORATIVE EVIDENCE (1)...................................................................................... 154 12 ANALYSIS (2) ........................... 179 13 ANALYSIS (3) .......................... 197 14 ANALYSIS (4) .......................... 229 15 ANALYSIS (5) ........................... 245 PART 3 SAME COUNTRY, DIFFERENT TRACK 16 ANALYSIS OF A THEORY TO FIT THE FACTS (6) .. .. 267 17 ANALYSIS (7) .............................................................. 281 18 ANALYSIS (8) ............................................................. 294 19 ANALYSIS (9) .............................................................. 313 20 ANALYSIS (10) ............................................................. 333 PART 4 FAMILIAR SCENERY AT THE END OF THE JOURNEY 21 THE BI-FIELD THEORY .................................................... 345 22 VINDICATION OF A SCOUT SHIP ........................................ 363 INDEX .. .. ........................................................ 385 9 List of Plates Author's impression of a gravitationally propelled spacecraft hovering in a lunar crater...............................Frontispiece Opposite Plate page 1 X-15 Rocket research aircraft............................................ 32 2 Short S.C.1, VTOL research aircraft................................. 32 3 Hawker P1127, VTOL aircraft.......................................... 32 4 Take-off sequence of Doak VTOL aircraft .. .. 33 5 Griffith Supersonic VTOL airliner .. .. 64 6 Lippisch Aerodyne VTOL research aircraft .. .. 64 7 Kinetic heating of model in wind tunnel .. 65 8 Canadian Avrocar aerodynamic saucer.. .. 65 9 Lee-Richards Annular Wing monoplane .. 96 10 Princeton University X-3C hovercraft................................ 96 11 Rene Couzenet Aerodyne VTOL research aircraft .. 96 12 Author's circular wing aircraft................................ .. 97 13 Magnetic analogy of natural phenomenon .. 128 14 Magnetic analogy of 'Anti-Gravity' .. .. .. 129 15 Convair Sub-Plane .................................................... 129 16 Magnetic model showing aerodynamics of the G field 160 17 Two views of author's test cell centrifuge .. .. 161 18 Centrifuge analysis of negative g ground effects .. 192 19 Tapering crater simulation in iron filings .. .. 193 20 Crater in potato field at Charlton .............................. 193 21 UFOs photographed in Sheffield by A. Birch .. 224 22 Humped up water due to aerodynamic depression .. 224 23 Agitated iron filings in alternating E.M. field .. 225 24 Optical comparisons of heater by day and by night .. 225 25 Optical comparisons of stationary and spinning disc 256 26 Downward ground effect simulated in film of flour .. 256 27 Water analogy illustrating aerodynamics of the R field 257 28 Levitation of aluminium disc in alternating magnetic field............................................................................ 257 29 Norwegian UFO photograph taken by Mrs W. Felton Barrett ............................................................. 257 30 Centrifuge analysis of increased g ground effects .. 288 31 Shaft type craters at Slackstead and Niton, England 289 32 UFO photograph by James Lucci showing possible field effect.................................................................. 289 33 Photographic analysis of Whidby Island case .. .. 320 34 Reproduction of Adamski-Coniston photograph comparison .. .. .. .. .. .. 321 Foreword AT the time of going to press, it is twelve years ago since Stephen Darbishire photographed the Coniston saucer. Twelve years since the writer first examined and correlated the Darbishire and Adamski photo- graphs by orthographic projection in Space, Gravity and the Flying Saucer. At that time the scientific world was clamouring for 'just one tiny shred of scientific evidence' to justify the existence of flying saucers. 'Show us just one' they said, 'and we might begin to think there is some- thing in it'. The analysis of these two photographs was in the strictest sense scien- tific, and the resulting conclusions were fair and unbiased. Yet although these offered something a little better than the 'tiniest shred of scientific evidence', for the only alternative amounted to a world-wide conspiracy, the conspicuous silence which followed, both in the national dailies and the scientific press, left no doubt as to their interest. Perhaps it was simply a case of the lay public press not being able to understand, despite my attempts to portray the claim simply. Maybe it was out of sheer scientific aloofness that the technical press chose to ignore it. But the fact remains—the analysis did not fail to impress all those who read it. And further, the claim is just as valid today as it was then; it still stands up to sensible consideration. Stephen Darbishire was nearly fourteen years old, when, accompanied by his eight year old cousin Adrian, he photographed a saucer hovering near Lake Coniston. Then, over a decade later, the scene was almost exactly duplicated in the Sheffield area. Although on this occasion the players have been changed, the circumstances remain strangely the same. This time, another small boy, fourteen year old Alex Birch and his friends were chosen for the principal parts. The circumstances of the event which bear an almost uncanny similarity to the Coniston sighting, have already been published elsewhere. It is interesting to note that, although it was Stephen Darbishire who had the camera and subsequently photographed the saucer, it had been his small cousin Adrian who had first spotted the object and had drawn Stephen's attention to it. So with their more recent counterparts near Sheffield. It was Alex Birch who had the camera and took the picture, but his young friend 13 Stuart Dixon had first seen the saucers and excitedly pointed them out to Alex and his other friend David Brownlow. Neither does the pattern end there, for once again there has emerged far more than a 'tiny shred of scientific evidence', analysed in these pages, which is difficult to refute or explain away as mere coincidence. Once again the writer has been called upon to play a small part in this up-to-date play, and time has forged our metal a little sharper. Indeed, so much so, that the technically corroborative evidence for the flying saucer is set out in the following pages in the form of an open challenge to the scientific sceptic. Over the last seventeen years or so, I have become increasingly con- vinced that flying saucers, among other things, are extra-terrestrial space ships powered by a form of gravitational manipulation (g field) the funda- mental concept of which was set out at some length in Space, Gravity and the Flying Saucer. The dual purpose of this subsequent book is to reconsider the 'G field theory' in terms of more recent sightings and to offer evidence of a mechanical nature for the consideration of both the layman and the technician alike. To this I would hasten to add, that those who might hope to find the know-how of 'anti-gravity' will not find it in these pages, for obviously a scientific break-through of such magnitude could hardly find its way into a book such as this. But I assure you, herein you will find many, many clues, while allowing for such a technique to be realis- able, the reader will find accompanying engineering problems which dramatically supports many flying saucer witnesses' claims. It is accepted of course that some of these facts will be more acceptable sometime in the future than they are now. Right from the beginning I would like to make one thing quite clear. After many years of study, I do not know where flying saucers are coming from, or why they are coming, though I have a suspicion why officialdom chooses to keep the public ignorant of this truth. But I am certain they are coming, as I am certain any unprejudiced person will be if he studies the facts. Naturally we can all be prolific with theories and the ideas expressed in the following pages are also theory and I would add that although mechanistic in conception, I think may be the correct ones. To offer some of the technical evidence for the existence of flying saucers to the lay public is no mean task, for, however much we try to simplify, it still remains technical. Yet I honestly believe, even the most untrained person will be able to identify the pattern herein outlined. A pattern which is there for the finding. I am merely pointing the way, the theory itself requiring little more than an understanding of the inverse square law. Because of the valuable evidence frequently left after land- ings, much of the information herein was taken from the French records 14 of that epic year of 1956/7. But elsewhere the reader will find on inde- pendent investigation similar evidence in abundance to endorse this testimony. This approach to the subject is deliberately dual in nature and for a dual purpose. Dual Nature 1. To make a brief appraisal of current developments and general state of the art of aero-astronautics and to draw conclusions on where this is taking mankind. 2. To review some technically corroborative evidence among flying saucer sightings and incidents taken from a hard core of reliable cases, to draw conclusions from this and compare with the previous conclusions. Dual Purpose 1. To offer information to flying saucer enthusiasts which may help to designate what such craft are not, and what it may all imply. 2. To offer generally to the public evidence of a kind which has not been heretofore presented, to verify the existence of visiting space ships called Flying Saucers. In the eighteen years or so since Unidentified Flying Objects were first brought to the attention of the general public, much has been said about Flying Saucers. Books have been written, groups have been formed, and an ever increasing number of ordinary people are becoming convinced that 'there is something going on', and despite talk to the contrary, reports of sightings are just as numerous now as ever they were, no matter how valid they may or may not be. In fact, since the publication of Space, Gravity and the Flying Saucer in 1954, several important factors have emerged which have caused a great deal of controversy among sceptics and the followers of 'UFOlogy' alike. Furthermore in present- ing the evidence, I am acutely aware of two radically opposed points of view which has prompted me to be pertinent to volunteer as referee. There have been books on the origin of Flying Saucers, books debunk- ing Flying Saucers, books on contacts with visitors from Flying Saucers and a whole host of conflicting and often fascinating literature. But paramount among this debris of confusion stands one solitary and con- crete fact which I have ventured to put forth in all humility and tolerant goodwill. It is this. It is becoming all too apparent that there exists on both sides of the 'camp' a great deal of intolerance and prejudice which is never worthy of any kind of scientific investigation. We are—by now —most of us acquainted with the ostrich technique of the interplanetary flying saucer sceptic, and unfortunately, the indifference of the so-called scientific world at large. But equally there are students of UFOlogy who will not, or cannot, appreciate that mankind has to crawl before he can walk. The modern aircraft and the rocket may by comparison seem 15 clumsy and 'brute force-ish', but in their own right they represent near miracles of engineering achievement which should be given their due nevertheless. It must be stressed therefore that the inclusion of the first three chapters is intended primarily to establish a comparison of the present 'states of the arts' without which much confusion is apt to arise. It is from this standpoint then that I would ask indulgence as we review and attempt to correlate, step by step, some of the relevant issues of this most important enigma of our times. But by all means let us keep to the facts, then maybe we shall have earned the right to further romantic speculation. In the following pages evidence is re-examined which indicates all too clearly, that if there is the remotest possible chance of a better way for mankind to identify himself with the infinitude of the cosmos, then we should seek it. It is the author's sincere belief that the accumulation of this evidence illustrates a pattern which clearly exhibits unchallengeable proof that there is a better way. It is for us to be, as it were, unpre- judicial judges at a scientific hearing, while endeavouring to remember that if this is a degree we cannot attain, then by all the truth in the mean- ing of the word, let us gracefully leave the court room, for true scientific pursuit of any portal, has no place for scientific snobbery of any kind. Leonard G. Cramp. Isle of Wight. 16 PART ONE The beginning of a journey 1 Crossroads of Aerodynamics AT the outset the inclusion of the subject matter of this chapter may seem to have little to do with flying saucers or unidentified flying objects, dealing as it does with the classical development in aero-astronautics, at best it may appear to be only a brief appraisal of man's present attempts to fly faster and higher in the gaseous bubble he calls the atmosphere. But it is set out here so that we might envisage a limit to feasible aerial travel as we know it today, at what point development may finally stop and into what exciting avenues it may lead designers of the future. At this point I would only ask indulgence towards flying saucers while we examine for ourselves where modern development is taking us. More- over it is hoped this and the following two chapters may help to give a little insight to the laymen who otherwise might often and quite under- standably make erroneous deductions concerning some aerial phenomena. If by considering this information the reader arrives at the gravitational threshold and the gravitational space ship it suggests, then the objective of this book will have been partly realised. But if in addition you are guided to an acceptance of visiting space ships to this planet, then it will have been fully justified. In all scientific pursuits, as in nature, there are signposts available for the guidance of the individual who takes upon himself the task of exploration and in the science of aero-astronautics he will find no excep- tion to the rule. Therefore in order to lend a little colour to this story which has been set out in the form of an enquiry, may I suggest that from now on we imagine ourselves as travellers on a scientific exploration into unknown country, bearing in mind that the journey before us may have been trodden by others, long, long ago, and we have to look for clues left by them, or natural signposts to guide us on the way. In the course of this book we shall see plenty of them, they might be regarded as markers down the exciting and unknown avenues which may one day lead man- kind on his ultimate journey, a fantastic journey through time and space to the distant stars. We begin our story, not in the days of Wilbur Wright and his brother, but in the present, with an up-to-date aeroplane, for we are here to visualise the end of an era rather than the start of one. There was nothing very special about the morning of 17 July, 1962. People slept, people dressed and prepared themselves for another day at 19 PIECE FOR A JIG-SAW the office, the factory, the shoe shop, and the hundred and one things ordinary people do on an ordinary day. Yet in a way it was a very special day, for an earthman was about to qualify as an astronaut—flying an aeroplane. On that particular day at Wendover Air Force Base, California, Major Robert White of the U.S.A.F. was strapping himself into the confined and profusely instrumented space called the cockpit of the world's fastest, highest flying machine, the X-15. As far as the Major was concerned it was to be a day like any other, a little more exciting perhaps for he was to push the little craft 'over the top'. But it did not work out quite so uneventful—there was something else. Before we re-acquaint ourselves with this, by now well-known occasion in the field of aero-astronautics, we shall benefit later on in these pages if we take a brief look into the background of what has been called the most thoroughly tested man-machine system for astronautical research, the North American X-15. It is an aircraft only in the strict sense of the word, for with a fuselage length of some 50ft, and a wing spread of only 22ft, certainly the X-15 resembles a streamlined dart rather than the hypersonic aeroplane she really is. Primarily designed as a research vehicle for high speed missions of more than 3,600 m.p.h. and altitudes above 100 miles, the X-15 is a rocket powered, sleek looking little craft of immense power. Prodigious fuel tanks serve to form the major part of her belly and her stubby wings have been formed with solid leading edges, machined from a special alloy, known as Inconel X, which resists the intensified aero- dynamic heating through friction the little aircraft suffers when re- entering the denser regions of the earth's atmosphere. The X-15, the machine which was designed to meet the challenge of launching a human being from earth into space with a glide return journey, is the result of a national effort managed jointly by N.A.S.A. (the United States National Aeronautical and Space Administration), Air Force and Navy. In the Spring of 1952, the National Advisory Com- mittee for Aeronautics gave their orders to its laboratories, 'to study the problems likely to be encountered in flight beyond the atmosphere and recommended methods to explore these problems'. The result of these labours was a decision in favour of an aeroplane and in December 1955 a contract was placed with the Los Angeles division of North American Aviation Inc., to carry out basic research, development and manufacture of three aircraft. October 1958 saw the completion of the first, and in March 1959 the machine had its first captive flight. In appearance it differs from most other conventional high speed aircraft chiefly by the extraordinary small wings and the fin which has a surprisingly thick trailing edge, Plate 1. 20