UFC 3-260-16FA 16 January 2004 UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC) AIRFIELD PAVEMENT CONDITION SURVEY PROCEDURES PAVEMENTS APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED UFC 3-260-16FA 16 January 2004 UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC) AIRFIELD PAVEMENT CONDITION SURVEY PROCEDURES PAVEMENTS Any copyrighted material included in this UFC is identified at its point of use. Use of the copyrighted material apart from this UFC must have the permission of the copyright holder. U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS (Preparing Activity) NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT AGENCY Record of Changes (changes are indicated by \1\ ... /1/) Change No. Date Location This UFC supersedes TM 5-826-6, dated 5 July 1989. The format of this UFC does not conform to UFC 1-300-01; however, the format will be adjusted to conform at the next revision. The body of this UFC is the previous TM 5-826-6, dated 5 July 1989. 1 UFC 3-260-16FA 16 January 2004 FOREWORD \1\ The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007 and provides planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria, and applies to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance with USD(AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May 2002. UFC will be used for all DoD projects and work for other customers where appropriate. All construction outside of the United States is also governed by Status of forces Agreements (SOFA), Host Nation Funded Construction Agreements (HNFA), and in some instances, Bilateral Infrastructure Agreements (BIA.) Therefore, the acquisition team must ensure compliance with the more stringent of the UFC, the SOFA, the HNFA, and the BIA, as applicable. UFC are living documents and will be periodically reviewed, updated, and made available to users as part of the Services’ responsibility for providing technical criteria for military construction. Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), and Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency (AFCESA) are responsible for administration of the UFC system. Defense agencies should contact the preparing service for document interpretation and improvements. Technical content of UFC is the responsibility of the cognizant DoD working group. Recommended changes with supporting rationale should be sent to the respective service proponent office by the following electronic form: Criteria Change Request (CCR). The form is also accessible from the Internet sites listed below. UFC are effective upon issuance and are distributed only in electronic media from the following source: • Whole Building Design Guide web site http://dod.wbdg.org/. Hard copies of UFC printed from electronic media should be checked against the current electronic version prior to use to ensure that they are current. AUTHORIZED BY: ______________________________________ ______________________________________ DONALD L. BASHAM, P.E. DR. JAMES W WRIGHT, P.E. Chief, Engineering and Construction Chief Engineer U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Naval Facilities Engineering Command ______________________________________ ______________________________________ KATHLEEN I. FERGUSON, P.E. Dr. GET W. MOY, P.E. The Deputy Civil Engineer Director, Installations Requirements and DCS/Installations & Logistics Management Department of the Air Force Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Installations and Environment) 2 TM 5-826-6/AFR 93-5 PROCEDURES FOR US ARMY AND US AIR FORCE AIRFIELD PAVEMENT CONDITION SURVEYS HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENTS OF THE ARMY July 1989 TM 5-826-6/AFR 93-5 REPRODUCTION AUTHORIZATION/RESTRICTIONS This manual has been prepared by or for the Government and is public property and not subject to copyright. Reprints or republications of this manual should include a credit substantially as follows: "Joint Departments of the Army and the Air Force, USA, TM 5-826-6/AFR 93-5, Procedures for US Army and US Air Force Airfield Pavement Condition Surveys, dated 5 July 1989." TM 5-826-6/AFR 93-5 TECHNICAL MANUAL ) HEADQUARTERS TM 5-826-6 DEPARTMENTS OF THE ARMY AIR FORCE REGULATION AND THE AIR FORCE AFR 93-5 WASHINGTON, DC, 5 July 1989 PROCEDURES FOR US ARMY AND US AIR FORCE AIRFIELD PAVEMENT CONDITION SURVEYS Paragraph Page CHAPTER 1.INTRODUCTION Purpose.......................................................................................................... 1-1 1-1 Scope.............................................................................................................. 1-2 1-1 Objectives....................................................................................................... 1-3 1-1 CHAPTER 2.BASIC AIRFIELD INFORMATION Basic airfield data........................................................................................... 2-1 2-1 Desired data................................................................................................... 2-2 2-1 CHAPTER 3.OUTLINE OF BASIC CONDITION RATING PROCEDURE Condition survey and PCI rating..................................................................... 3-1 3-1 Airfield pavement condition survey report....................................................... 3-2 3-2 Distribution of condition survey reports........................................................... 3-3 3-2 CHAPTER 4.SAMPLING TECHNIQUES General........................................................................................................... 4-1 4-1 Inspection....................................................................................................... 4-2 4-1 CHAPTER 5.DETAILED SURVEY PROCEDURE FOR RIGID PAVEMENT Sample unit inspection and record keeping.................................................... 5-1 5-1 Inspection summary....................................................................................... 5-2 5-1 Sample unit PCI.............................................................................................. 5-3 5-16 Feature PCI.................................................................................................... 5-4 5-18 CHAPTER 6.DETAILED PROCEDURE FOR FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT Sample unit inspection and record keeping.................................................... 6-1 6-1 Inspection summary....................................................................................... 6-2 6-1 Sample unit PCI.............................................................................................. 6-3 6-18 Feature PCI.................................................................................................... 6-4 6-18 APPENDIX A.AIRFIELD PAVEMENT DISTRESS IDENTIFICATION.................................. A-1 List of Figures Figure 3-1. Steps for determining PCI of a pavement feature 4-1. Selection of minimum number of sample units. 4-2. Illustration of division of a jointed rigid pavement feature into sample units of 20 slabs 4-3. Example division of flexible pavement feature into sample units. 5-1. Jointed rigid pavements, example condition survey data sheet 5-2. Rigid pavement deduct values, distress 61, blowup. 5-3. Rigid pavement deduct values, distress 62, corner break 5-4. Rigid pavement deduct values, distress 63, longitudinal/transverse/diagonal cracking 5-5. Rigid pavement deduct values, distress 64, durability cracking. 5-6. Rigid pavement deduct values, distress 65, joint seal damage. 5-7. Rigid pavement deduct values, distress 66, small patch 5-8. Rigid pavement deduct values, distress 67, patching/utility cut defect. i TM 5-826-6/AFR 93-5 Figure 5-9. Rigid pavement deduct values, distress 68, popouts. 5-10. Rigid pavement deduct values, distress 69, pumping. 5-11. Rigid pavement deduct values, distress 70, scaling. 5-12. Rigid pavement deduct values, distress 71, settlement. 5-13. Rigid pavement deduct values, distress 72, shattered slab 5-14. Rigid pavement deduct values, distress 73, shrinkage cracks. 5-15. Rigid pavement deduct values, distress 74, spalling along the joints 5-16. Rigid pavement deduct values, distress 75, spalling corner 5-17. Corrected deduct values for jointed rigid pavements 5-18. Airfield PCI and rating. 5-19. Feature summary, jointed rigid pavement 6-1. Flexible pavements, example condition survey data sheet. 6-2. Flexible pavement deduct values, distress 41, alligator cracking. 6-3. Flexible pavement deduct values, distress 42, bleeding. 6-4. Flexible pavement deduct values, distress 43, block cracking. 6-5. Flexible pavement deduct values, distress 44, corrugation 6-6. Flexible pavement deduct values, distress 45, depression 6-7. Flexible pavement deduct values, distress 46, jet blast erosion 6-8. Flexible pavement deduct values, distress 47, joint reflective cracking 6-9. Flexible pavement deduct values, distress 48, longitudinal and transverse cracking. 6-10. Flexible pavement deduct values, distress 49, oil spillage. 6-11. Flexible pavement deduct values, distress 50, Patching and utility cut 6-12. Flexible pavement deduct values, distress 51, polished aggregate. 6-13. Flexible pavement deduct values, distress 52, raveling/weathering 6-14. Flexible pavement deduct values, distress 53, rutting. 6-15. Flexible pavement deduct values, distress 54, shoving of flexible pavement by PCC slabs. 6-16. Flexible pavement deduct values, distress 55, shippage cracking. 6-17. Flexible pavement deduct values, distress 56, swell 6-18. Corrected deduct values for flexible pavements, 6-19. Feature summary for flexible pavements A-1. Low severity alligator cracking, case I A-2. Low severity alligator cracking, case 2 A-3. Low severity alligator cracking, approaching medium severity. A-4. Medium severity alligator cracking, case 1. A-5. Medium severity alligator cracking case 2 A-6. High severity alligator cracking. A-7. Bleeding. A-8. Low severity block cracking, case 1. A-9. Low severity block cracking, case 2 A-10. Low severity block cracking, case 3 A-11. Medium severity block cracking, case 1. A-12. Medium severity block cracking, case 2. A-13. High severity block cracking, case 1 A-14. High severity block cracking, case 2 A-15. Illustration of corrugation A-16. Corrugation. A-17. Low severity depression A-18. Medium severity depression, case 1. A-19. Medium severity depression, case 2 A-20. High severity depression A-21. Jet blast erosion, case 1. A-22. Jet blast erosion, case 2 A-23. Low severity joint reflection cracking. A-24. Medium severity joint reflection cracking, case 1 A-25. Medium severity joint reflection cracking, case 2 A-26. High severity joint reflection cracking. A-27. Low severity longitudinal crack. A-28. Low severity longitudinal cracks, approaching medium A-29. Low severity crack, porous friction course pavement. A-30. Medium severity longitudinal construction joint crack, case 1. A-31. Medium severity longitudinal crack. case 2. A-32. Medium severity crack, porous friction course pavement. A-33. High severity longitudinal crack. A-34. High severity crack, porous friction course pavement A-35. Oil spillage, case 1. A-36. Oil spillage, case 2. A-37. Low severity patch, case 1. A-38. Low severity patch, case 2 ii TM 5-826-6/AFR 93-5 Figure A-39. Medium severity patch A-40. High severity patch. A-41. Polished aggregate A-42. Low severity raveling/weathering, case 1. A-43. Low severity raveling/weathering, case 2. A-44. Typical porous friction course surface with no raveling and weathering, case 1. A-45. Typical porous friction course surface with no raveling and weathering, case 2. A-46. Low severity raveling/weathering m porous friction course pavement A-47. Medium severity raveling/weathering A-48. Medium severity raveling/weathering in porous friction course pavement. A-49. Medium severity raveling/weathering showing rough and pitted surface in porous friction course pavement A-50. High severity raveling/weathering A-51. High severity raveling/weathering in porous friction course pavement. A-52. Low severity rutting. A-53. Low severity rutting A-54. Medium severity rutting A-55. Medium severity rutting A-56. High severity rutting A-57. High severity rutting A-58. Low severity shove on the outside and medium severity in the middle A-59. High severity shoving. A-60. Slippage cracking, case 1 A-61. Slippage cracking, case 2. A-62. Low severity swell. A-63. Medium severity swell A-64. High severity swell. A-65. High severity swell. A-66. Low severity blowup. A-67. Medium severity blowup. A-68. High severity blowup. A-69. Low severity corner break, case 1. A-70. Low severity corner break, case 2 A-71. Medium severity corner break, case 1. A-72. Medium severity corner break, case 2. A-73. High severity corner break. A-74. Low severity longitudinal crack. A-75. Low severity filled longitudinal cracks. A-76. Low severity diagonal crack. A-77. Medium severity longitudinal crack A-78. Medium severity transverse crack, case 1. A-79. Medium severity transverse crack, case 2. A-80. High severity transverse crack. A-81. High severity longitudinal crack, case 1 A-82. High severity longitudinal crack, case 2. A-83. Low severity D cracking A-84. Medium severity D cracking, case 1. A-85. Medium severity D cracking, case 2. A-86. High severity D cracking. A-87. Low-severity joint seal damage. A-88. Medium-severity joint seal damage. A-89. High-severity joint seal damage A-90. High-severity joint seal damage A-91. Low-severity small patch, case 1. A-92. Low-severity small patch, case 2. A-93. Medium-severity small patch, case 1 A-94. Medium-severity small patch, case 2 A-95. High-severity small patch A-96. Low-severity patch, case 1. A-97. Low-severity patch, case 2. A-98. Low-severity utility cut A-99. Medium-severity utility cut. A-100. High-severity patch A-101. Popouts. A-102. Pumping. A-103. Pumping (note stained pavement) A-104. Pumping (fine materials collected on surface) A-105. Pumping. A-106. Counting procedure for pumping. iii TM 5-826-6/AFR 93-5 Figure A-107. Low-severity crazing A-108. Medium-severity scaling. A-109. High-severity scaling. A-110. Close-up of high severity scaling A-111. Low-severity settlement on apron, case 1 A-112. Low-severity settlement on apron, case 2. A-113. Medium-severity settlement on apron A-114. High-severity settlement on taxiway/runway, case 1 A-115. High-severity settlement, case 2 A-116. Counting procedure for settlement or faulting. A-117. Low-severity intersecting cracks, case 1. A-118. Low-severity intersecting cracks, case 2. A-119. Medium-severity intersecting cracks, case 1. A-120. Medium-severity intersecting cracks, case 2 A-121. Shattered slab A-122. Shrinkage crack, case 1. A-123. Shrinkage crack, case 2. A-124. Low-severity joint spall, case 1 A-125. Low-severity joint spall, case 2 A-126. Medium-severity joint spall, case 1. A-127. Medium-severity joint spall, case 2. A-128. High-severity joint spall, case 1 A-129. High-severity joint spall, case 2 A-130. Low-severity corner spall, case 1. A-131. Low-severity corner spa", case 2. A-132. Medium-severity corner spall, case 1 A-133. Medium-severity corner spall, case 2 A-134. High-severity comer spall. A-135. Flexible pavement condition survey data sheet. A-136. Rigid pavement condition survey data sheet. List of Tables Table A-1. Frequently occurring identification problems in pavement distress identification A-2. Summary of distress types and identification numbers. iv TM 5-826-6/AFR 93-5 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1. Purpose. This manual gives the procedure for performing a pavement condition survey at all airfields with present or potential Army or Air Force missions. It is intended for use by all personnel responsible for such surveys. 1-2. Scope. The airfield pavement condition survey is a visual inspection of both rigid and flexible pavement for signs of pavement distress. The pavement condition index (PCI) is a numerical rating which indicates the type and severity of the inspected distress. The airfield condition survey and the resulting PCI are the primary means of obtaining and recording important airfield pavement performance data. This manual describes the condition survey of both flexible pavements (all pavements with conventional bituminous concrete surfaces) and rigid pavements (jointed portland cement concrete pavements with joint spacing not exceeding 25 feet), and the procedure for determining the PCI of pavement inspected. 1-3. Objectives. Specific objectives of a condition survey are to determine present condition of the pavement in terms of apparent structural integrity and operational surface condition, to provide a common index for comparing the condition and performance of pavements at all air stations along with a rational basis for justification of pavement repair projects, and provide feedback on pavement performance for validation and improvement of current pavement design, evaluation, and maintenance procedures. 1-1