Muelleria 38:77-85 ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS VICTORIA Published online in advance of the print edition, 17 February 2020 Two new species of Asproinocybe (Tricholomataceae) from Australasia Teresa Lebel1, Katrina Syrne12, Matthew Barrett and Jerry A. Cooper 3 4 1 Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Avenue, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; e-mail: [email protected] u 24 Offer Street, Denmark, WA 6333, Australia; e-mail: [email protected] 3 Australian Tropical Herbarium, Sir Robert Norman Building, James Cook University Cairns Campus, McGregor Road, Smithfield, QLD 4878, Australia; e-mail: [email protected] 4 Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, 54 Gerald Street, Lincoln 7608, New Zealand; e-mail: [email protected] Introduction Abstract The two closely related genera Asproinocybe R.Heim and Tricholosporum Asproinocybe lyophylloides sp. nov. from south-west Western Australia, and Guzman can be differentiated on the basis of irregularly turberculate A. daleyae sp. nov. from New Zealand, spores in Asproinocybe and cruciform spores in Tricholosporum. Both are described based on morphological genera have a tricholomatoid habit but were recognised as distinct from and molecular data. These are the Tricholoma by several authors (Baroni 1982, Reid etal. 1998, Bohus etal. first published records of the genus 1999, Guzman etal 2004, Angelini etal. 2014). Tricholosporum appears in Australasia. Both species have to be a widespread genus with 15 species known from North and South lilac tones to the fruitbody, as well as tuberculate inamyloid basidiospores, America, Africa, Asia, the Canary Islands and Europe (Contu & Mua typical of the genus. 2000, Guzman et al. 2004, Xu et at. 2018). Asproinocybe also has a broad Keywords: Biannulariceae, distribution, but the species appear to be quite localised in their regions citizen science, Entolomataceae, of origin. Five species of Asproinocybe are currently known: A. lactifera Lyophyllaceae, taxonomy, from Africa (Heim 1969a; Petersen 2001), A. ianthinocystis (Singer) Singer Tricholosporum ex Guzman from Argentina, A. nodulospora (Babos & Bohus) Guzman & Contu from Hungary, A. russuloides from Africa (Heineman 1977) and A. superba (Watling) Guzman from Malaysia (Watling 1997, Guzman etal. 2004). In the course of conducting a citizen science fungal taxonomy pilot study and a fungal barcoding project at the National Herbarium of © Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria 2020 ISSN: 0077-1813 (print) • ISSN: 2204-2032 (online) Lebel, Syme, Barrett & Cooper Victoria, Australia, several collections thought to be Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) were approximated novel taxa were examined and sequenced. At the same by the Metropolis-coupled Markov chain Monte Carlo time, a similar species was found in New Zealand by a method (Geyer 1991).Two parallel runs were conducted member of the iNaturalist citizen science community with one cold and four heated chains each for 8,000,000 and sequenced as part of an extensive barcoding generations, starting with a random tree. Trees were project. We provide descriptions of the two new species saved every 1000th generation. Convergence was and discuss the phylogenetic position of Asproinocybe considered to be reached when the average SD of split and Tricholosporum. frequencies continuously dropped below 0.008. Trees obtained before reaching convergence were discarded Methods as burn-in; the resulting consensus trees were visualised using FigTree vl.3.1 (Rambaut 2014). Macroscopic characters were described and measured from fresh material, field notes, or dried herbarium Results and Discussion collections. Microscopic characters were described from examination of dried herbarium material. Hand- Taxonomy cut sections were rehydrated in 5% KOH solution and mounted with Congo red stain to observe the Asproinocybe daleyae J.A.Cooper, sp. nov. hymenium, trama and pellis tissues. Spore size, shape, ornamentation and amyloiditywereobserved in lamellae Mycobank No.: MB 832306 tissue mounted in Melzer's reagent. Measurements of microscopic characters were taken on an Olympus BX-52 Differs from other species of Asproinocybe in Australasia microscope at x400 or xIOOO. Measurements are given in the presence of cystidia. as a raw range with mean ± standard deviation (SD) of Type: New Zealand. Auckland, Howick, n measurements in parentheses. Names of herbaria are Mangemangeroa Valley Walkway, W. M. Daley, 6 March abbreviated according to Thiers (2019+). 2016 (holotype PDD 106796!). Protocols for DNA extraction (E.Z.N.A. forensic kit), PCR Etymology. Named after the collector, Wanda Daley. and sequencing followed those in Lebel & Syme (2012) and Lebel etal. (2015) and references therein. Assembly, Bas/d/omafatricholomatoid habit, solitary to gregarious. manual editing and preliminary alignment of sequences Pileus to 40 mm diam., broadly convex becoming plane, were performed within Geneious v.9.1.7 (Biomatters margin smooth, entire, incurved at first then straight, Ltd). Individual alignments for ITS sequences were then sometimes slightly wavy and partly unevenly crenate; manually edited in Bioedit v7.1.3 (Hall 2011). Alignments dry to the touch, finely fibrous; overall colour greyish are available in supplementary material (SI). violet at the perimeter (17B3) darkening to brown at the Sequences of the ITS representing a range of centre (8F6), unchanging on bruising. Context to 5 mm species within Biannulariaceae, Entolomataceae, thick, firm, whitish becoming greyish, somewhat brittle. Tricholomataceae and Lyophyllaceae were retrieved Lamellae adnexed to sinuate with small decurrent from GenBanktoaid the broad placement of sequences tooth, thin to moderately broad, close, with 2-3 tiers of generated for this study. Resinomycena rhododendri, lamellulae; margins smooth; pale violet (17A3, 18A3), Panellus stipticus and Mycena pura were included as bruising reddish when damaged. Stipe to 40 mm long outgroups. Novel sequences representing collections x 5-8 mm diam., stout, central, equal, dry, pruinose at from Australasia generated for this study are listed in apex, otherwise appressed longitudinally fibrillose; Table 1. pale violet grey (17D2,17D3) bruising dull, rusty brown; Phylogenetic analyses were performed with Bayesian context solid, firm, pale cream. Basal rhizomorphs white, inference (Bl) in MrBayes 3.2.6 (Ronquist & Huelsenbeck extensive. Taste and odour not distinct. Spore print white. 2003) using the CIPRES Science Gateway v3.1 (Miller et Spores 6.0-8.0 x 4.1 -5.5 pm (7.0 ± 0.5 x 4.8 ± 0.34, Q= al. 2010).The dataset comprised 79 ITS sequences of 838 1.1-1.8, Qm = 1.47, n=16), hyaline, inamyloid, densely bp. Gaps in alignments were treated as missing data. tuberculate, ornamentation up to 1.0 pm high. Basidia 78 Vol 38 Two new species of Asproinocybe Figure 1. a. Typical habitat of Asprocinocybe daleyae sp. nov.; b. fruitbodies (PDD 106540, PDD 106796), scale bars 10 mm; c. pleurocystidia; d. cheilocystidia; e. basidia; f-g. spores. Scale bars 10 pm. Muelleria 79 Lebel, Syme, Barrett & Cooper 20-30 x 5-7 urn, cylindric to narrowly clavate, 4-spored. 6E6) with flush of pale violet in parts (17B3), becoming Pleurocystidia oblong to ellipsoid or utriform, thin darker in age or when bruised (nearer 6F4,8F3). Context walled 25-30 x 10-13 pm; cheilocystidia ellipsoid and 5-8 mm thick,firm, whitish becoming greyish, somewhat frequently rostrate, occasionally thick-walled and with brittle. Lamellae adnexed to sinuate, thin to moderately brown intra-cellular pigment 25-30 x 8-12 pm. Lamellar broad, close, up to 30 mm long x 5-9 mm deep, with edge with patches of brown amorphous encrusting 2-3 tiers of lamellulae; margins smooth or unevenly pigment. Pileipellis an undifferentiated cutis of hyaline serrate, face often ridged, sometimes anastomosing hyphae 3-5 pm diam., forming a layer 15-30 pm broad and with some cross veining; pale violet (18A3-18A4) overlying a broad context 400-500 pm wide, of tightly to greyish violet (13D2-17C3), bruising reddish brown interwoven, thin-walled hyaline hyphae, 3-5 pm broad. (16D2) when damaged, somewhat waxy texture. Clamp connections not observed. Stipe 22-84 mm long x 8-21 mm diam., stout, central, Additional material examined: NEW ZEALAND. Auckland, terete, almost equal, dry, pruinose at apex, otherwise Howick, Mangemangeroa Valley Walkway, W.M. Daley, 17 April appressed longitudinally fibrillose; pale greyish mauve 2017 (PDD 106540!). (16D3-17C3) with pale violet tinge (18A3-18A4), rapidly Habit, habitat and distribution: on soil and bruising dull, rusty brown (5C6); context solid, firm, pale known from a single locality in remnant coastal forest cream. Basal rhizomorphs white, extensive. Taste and dominated by Metrosideros excelsa and Beilschmedia odour not distinctive or sometimes 'mushroomy'. Spore tarairi. print white. Notes: Due to the violet colouration and general Spores 5.5-6.9 x 3.5-5.2 pm (6.31 ± 0.21 x 4.87 ± fruitbody habit, this species can be mistaken for species 0.43, Q= 1.4 -1.83, Qm = 1.67, n=40), hyaline, inamyloid of Lepista. However, the densely tuberculate spore but golden in Melzer's, irregularly tuberculate- ornamentation enable correct placement of the species. angular ornamentation up to 0.8 pm high. Basidia 28-35(-38) x 5-7 pm, cylindric to narrowly clavate, Asproinocybe lyophylloides K.Syme & 4-spored. Pleuromacrocystidia, pleuropseudocystidia T.Lebel, sp. nov. and cheilomacrocystidia absent. Hymenophoral trama Mycobank No.: MB 831967 composed of filamentous hyphae 3-5 pm diam. and Differs from other species in the paler lilac tones of slightly inflated, septate, shorter hyphae forming jigsaw¬ the basidiomata and its association with Myrtaceae. like pattern 5-8 pm broad. Pileipellis an undifferentiated Type: Australia. Denmark, William Bay National Park, cutis of hyaline hyphae 3-5 pm diam., which in young Bilbbulmun track west of William Bay Road, K.Syme specimens appears to be slightly gelatinised, forming 1349/04, 30 June 2004 (holotype MEL2292252!, isotype a layer 20-38 pm broad, becoming compacted in PERTH 7367457!). older sporocarps to form a thin 5-10 pm broad layer; Etymology: Named for its resemblance to species of overlying a broad context 450-800 pm wide, of tightly the genus Lyophyllum. interwoven, thin-walled hyaline hyphae, 3-6(9) pm broad. Clamp connections rarely observed. Basidiomata tricholomatoid habit, gregarious, Additional material examined: AUSTRALIA. WESTERN sometimes caespitose in small groups, or occasionally AUSTRALIA, Walpole, Mandalay Beach K.Syme 3023, 26 July solitary. Pileus 31-88 mm diam., broadly convex 2018, MEL2432747!; Albany area, Two Peoples Bay Nature becoming plane, margin smooth, entire, incurved at Reserve, Fitzpatrick's Track, 28 June 2007, K.Syme 1953/07 & first then straight, sometimes slightly wavy and partly R.M.Robinson, MEL2432720!; Denmark, William Bay National unevenly crenate; dry to very slightly tacky to touch, Park, Mazzoletti track, K.Syme 2847, 2 June 2013, PERTH smooth with a minute, felt-like, easily removed or bruised 8971692!; E of Albany, Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve, overlying whitish to grey bloom, and with conspicuous, Fitzpatrick's Track, K.Syme 581/92, 23 June 1992, PERTH slightly raised darker (8F4) translucent blotches where 5306620!; E of Albany, Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve, Wilson's track, KSyme 748/94 & M.Hart, 22 June 1994, PERTH 5306108!; the bloom has rubbed off on some basidiomata; overall Albany, Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve, along track to rubbish colour variably dull, brownish (5E3-5E) or greyish (5E6- bins from research quarters, K.Syme 210/91, 2 July 1991, Vol 38 Two new species of Asproinocybe Figure 2. a. Typical habitat of Asproinocybe lyophylloides sp. nov.Sclerophyll woodland with scrubby understorey; b-d. fruitbodies (b-c. MEL2432720; d. MEL2432747). Scale bars 10 mm. Muelleria 81 Lebel, Syme, Barrett & Cooper PERTH 4163559!; Rockingham, Rockingham Lakes Regional Western Australia but is frequently misidentified in the Park, Port Kennedy Park, N.LBougher & J.Froudist E8469, 17 field as a species of Lyophyllum. July 2007, PERTH 80931481; Busselton, Geographe, Captain Baudins Reserve, N.LBougher & D.Mead-Hunter E9348, 28 June Discussion 2009, PERTH 84743701; Cambridge, Ocean Village Reserve, While the genus Tricholosporum has been examined City Beach, N.LBougher 578, 14 Sept 2009, PERTH 84740011; and molecular data is available, sequences from species Cambridge, Ocean Village Reserve, City Beach, N.LBougher of other Asproinocybe are lacking for comparison, 1169, 1 Aug 2015, PERTH 87004861; Cockburn, Woodmans Point Regional Park, N.LBougher, P.Davison, P. & R.Hart E8232, which unfortunately makes family level confirmation 21 June 2005, PERTH 7680910! difficult, and confirmation of Tricholosporum as Habit, habitat and distribution: Typically fruits being distinct from Asproinocybe problematic. in small troops or solitary in shady, moist litter in These two genera have variously been placed in open eucalypt woodlands with mixed understorey Entolomataceae or Tricholomataceae (Guzman et (,Allocasuarina, Eucalyptus cornuta, Agonis flexuosa, al. 1990, 2004). Recent investigations into fungi of Spyridium globulosum, Lepidosperma sp.), and rarely in tropical areas has provided some insight into potential mixed chenopod shrublands in hind dunes; often sandy phylogenetic placement for a suite of tricholomatoid soils. taxa. Sanchez-Garcia et al. (2016) raised the family Notes: This species is quite widespread in southern Catathelasmataceae based on a multigene phylogeny Figure 3. Asproinocybe lyophylloides sp. nov. a. hymenium and hymenial trama, scale bar 20 pm; b. SEM of spores; c-d light microscopy of spores. Scale bars 5 pm; e. line drawing of basidia and spores (K.Syme, a-e. MEL2292252); f. illustration of GB500 (MEL2382847) basidia, spores and cystidia (K. Syme). Scale bars = 10 pm. 82 Vol 38 Two new species of Asproinocybe MF538721 Tricholosporum sp LG218/9 MF538719 Tricholosporum sp LG218/1 MF538720 Tricholosporum sp LG218/2 ¥ KY509040 Tricholosporum sp ¥ KU559852 Tricholosporum goniospermum AR123 J KU559861 Tricholosporum goniospermum AR122 ‘ KU559860 Tricholosporum goniospermum MS45 ¥ KR002902 Tricholosporum sp BAB5013 KC969668 Tricholosporum porphyrophyllum KU954553Tricholosporum porphyrophyllum FIMJAU24949 ¥ '1MF373393 Tricholosporum porphyrophyllum Kasuya B2429 HG000016 Tricholosporum sp HMJAU24949 KU954554 Tricholosporum porphyrophyllum H6849 MN275025 Asproinocybe daleyae PDD106796 NZ HOLOTYPE MN275015 Asproinocybe lyophylloides MEL2432747 KS3023 MN275016 Asproinocybe lyophylloides MEL2292252 KS1349/04 HOLOTYPE MN275017 Asproinocybe lyophylloides MEL2432720 KS1953/07 MN275023 Asproinocybe lyophylloides PERTH E6292 MN275024 Asproinocybe lyophylloides PERTH8093148 E8469 MN275019 Asproinocybe lyophylloides PERTH8474370 E9348 MN275020 Asproinocybe lyophylloides PERTH8700486 NLB1169 MN275021 Asproinocybe lyophylloides PERTH7680910 E8232 MN27S022 Asproinocybe lyophylloides PERTH8474001 NLB578 MN275018 Asproinocybe lyophylloides PERTH4163559 KS210/91 L KP012722 Asproinocybe sp5 MEL2382847 GMB500 2014 -E KX092094 Guyanagarika pakaraimensis TH8512 KX092073 Guyanagarika aurantia MCA1741 KX092096 Guyanagarika anomala TH7419 MH989590 Anupama indica AMH10033 MH989587 Anupama indica CALI 725 KJ417322 Tricholomataceae sp TENN068777 KJ417321 Tricholomataceae TENN064359 KT122792 Infundibulicybe geotropa ALV4344 MK607535 Infundibulicybe gibba M0282822 JF907781 Callistosporiumxanthophyllum 14096 AF325667 Callistosporiumxanthophyllum IB19770276 MK564541 Callistosporium luteoolivaceum MycoMap6679 Biannulariaceae KY462690 Pleurocollybia sp MES920 KP311477 Pleurocollybia sp MEL2363162 DQ484065 Callistosporium graminicolor AFTOL978 MK782561 Callistosporium luteoolivaceum JXSB0844 KU058492 Callistosporium sp ECV5506 HM105568 Pleurocollybia imbricata TJB9847 ,KR135359 Pleurocollybia sp P225 MF100955 Pleurocollybia imbricata DED8232 KY559342 Pleurocollybia spTENN059014 Tricholomataceae MF100956 Pleurocollybia praemultifolia DED8238 MF401593 Macrocybe gigantea GKVK5 JN006792 Tricholoma giganteum MN238884 Macrocybe gigantea LC029415 Macrocybe crassa MK560056 Catathelasma cf singeri MObs248353 MH289787 Catathelasma imperiale KX008987 Catathelasma imperiale LL 128 HQ604757Tricholoma saponaceum UBCF19755 ¥ JX178633 Tricholoma viridiolivaceum OTA61887 ¥ KU661482 Tricholoma magnivelare CSU CL04763 EU653300 Tricholoma terreum C59300 AF241520 Tricholoma albobrunneum CBS 572.96 AF241517 Tricholoma portentosum CBS 367.47 KU058520 Tricholoma sulphureum j¥ AY228340 Entoloma nitidum KC710122 Entocybe nitida 24 I JF907989 Entocybe nitida 287 ¥ KC710107 Entoloma coeruleogracilis 214 ¥ KC710101 Entocybe haastii 2011045 - KC710089 Entocybe haastii 617 j FJ824815 Entoloma turbidum PRM915266 J EU784199 Entoloma ameides KM128844 ¥ KC710121 Entocybe trachyospora 414 i | KP192658 Lyophyllum paelochroum FR2014110 |—I KP192628 Lyophyllum caerulescens FR2014071 pi i I HM572552 Lyophyllum semitale EL18709 0, J I— KP192644Tephrocybestriaepilea FR2014091 • KP192631 Tephrocybe aff mephitica GC13101003 - KP192566 Asterophora lycoperdoides FR2013249 ¥ KJ713981 Mycena pura KUC20130719 06 - KJ713980 Panellus stipticus KUC20130903A 17 ¥ MG663276 Resinomycena rhododendri PBM3845 0.08 Figure 4. Bayesian 50% majority-rule consensus tree of the ITS-nrDNA for a selection of Biannulariaceae, Tricholomataceae and Entolomataceae. Bold lines indicate PP support >0.95. Muelleria 83 Lebel, Syme, Barrett & Cooper to include Pleurocollybia, Callistosporium, Macrocybe, lyophylloides has more muted hints of purple in the Guyanagarika, Pseudoloccorio and Cotothelosmo. pileus and lamellae than A. daleyae, or indeed most Angelini et al. (2017) and Raj et al. (2019) placed these other species, and spores at the smaller end of the size taxa in the family Biannulariaceae (which has priority range for Asproinocybe. Asproinocybe daleyae differs in over Catathelasmataceae), based on analyses of ITS/ its production of distinct cheilo- and pleuro-cystidia. LSU, and the addition of Tricholosporum goniospermum We do not include the Northern Territory collection and the genus Anupama. None of these taxa have the (GB500, MEL2382847!) in Asproinocybe lyophylloides at nodulose or tuberculate spores of Asproinocybe and this time, even though there are very few base pairs (8bp) Tricholosporum. difference in the ITS sequences, and morphologically Our current analysis, based on ITS alone, suggests only minor and subtle differences in colouration and poor support for Biannulariaceae, but strong support texture of basidiomata. It does differ microscopically for a restricted Catathelasmataceae, or a broadly in spore size (GB500 spores smaller: from 4.8-5.9 x circumscribed Tricholomataceae (Fig 4). In this analysis 3.0-4.8 pm), its mostly one- and two-spored versus there is strong support for a clade with Infundibulicybe, 4-spored basidia, and its abundant and distinctive Anupama, Guyanagarika, Tricholomataceae sp, cheilo- and pleuro-cystidia, which are completely Asproinocybe and Tricholosporum as sister to absent in A. lyophylloides (Fig 3f). This Northern Catathelasmataceae. However, in a restricted multigene Territory collection (GB500) is immature, and it would analysis of a broad selection of taxa from Lyophyllaceae, be preferable to have more material to confirm both Entolomataceae and Tricholomatoid agarics based on macromorphology and spore characters in particular. Sanchez-Garcia etal. (2016) and Hofstetter ef al. (2014), Given the large geographic distance between the south¬ there was poor support for placement of Asproinocybe west of Western Australia and the Northern Territory, we and Tricholosporum in a broad Tricholomataceae (not consider GB500 likely to represent a different species, presented). This analysis emphasised the need for the perhaps one more closely related to the tropical generation of multigene data for a range of 'residual Malaysian species A. superba. However, A. superba has tricholomatoid' taxa to resolve relationships amongst more robust and much darker basidiomata and lamellae these lineages. than GB500, being entirely violaceous-black with hints The relationship between Tricholosporum and of purple chestnut or violaceous brown with dark grey- Asproinocybe will remain problematic until further violet lamellae, rather than greyish brown with hints of species of Asproinocybe are sequenced. Asproinocybe violet and pale greyish violet lamellae. Microscopically, Table 1. List of material sequenced for this study. Supplementary electronic data in the form of a Nexus file is provided in association with the online issue of this paper. Taxon Herb# Country GenbankITS Genbank LSU Asproinocybe daleyae PDD 106796 New Zealand MN275025 MN275033 Asproinocybe lyophylloides MEL2432720 Australia MN275017 MN275026 Asproinocybe lyophylloides PERTH 4163559 Australia MN275018 MN275027 Asproinocybe lyophylloides MEL2432747 Australia MN275015 MN275028 Asproinocybe lyophylloides MEL2292252 Australia MN275016 MN275029 Asproinocybe lyophylloides PERTH 8477001 Australia MN275022 MN275030 Asproinocybe lyophylloides PERTH E6292 Australia MN275023 MN275031 Asproinocybe lyophylloides PERTH 8093148 Australia MN275024 MN275032 Asproinocybe lyophylloides PERTH 8474370 Australia MN275019 - Asproinocybe lyophylloides PERTH 8700486 Australia MN275020 - Asproinocybe lyophylloides PERTH 7680910 Australia MN275021 - Asproinocybe lyophylloides PERTH 8474001 Australia MN275022 - 84 Vol 38 Two new species of Asproinocybe the basidia and basidiospores are similar in size (though HallT. (2011). Bioedit 7.1.3. Ibis Therapeutics, http://www.mbio. ncsu.edu/BioEdit/bioedit.html the ornamentation of A superbum spores appear to Heim R. (1969). Breves diagnoses latinae novitatum be less obvious than in GB500), and the presence genericarum specificarumque nuper descriptarum. Revue of some poorly differentiated scattered cheilo- and Mycol. Paris 34, 343-347 pleuro-cystidia (Watling 1997). Further collections and Heinemann P. (1977). Un nouvel Asproinocybe (Tricholomataceae) du Zaire. Bull. Jard. Bot. natn. Belg. 47, molecular data should clarify this situation. 265. Hofstetter V., Redhead S., Kauff F., Moncalvo J-M., Matheny P.B., Acknowledgements Vilgalys R. (2014). Taxonomic Revision and Examination of Ecological Transitions of the Lyophyllaceae (Basidiomycota, Many thanks to herbarium staff at MEL, AD and PERTH, Agaricales) Based on a Multigene Phylogeny. Cryptogam. in particular research assistant Gareth Holmes for Mycol. 35,399-425. sequencing of Australian material. J.A. Cooper would Liu Y.C., Liu P., Hu H.P., Li D., Li Y. (2016). Tricholosporum, a newly recorded genus of Agaricomycetes in China. Phytotaxa 289, like to thank Duckchul Park for sequencing of New 263-270. Zealand material and Wanda Daley for provision of Miller M.A., Pfeiffer W., Schwartz T. (2010). Creating the CIPRES specimens and photographs. J.A. Cooper is supported Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. with funding from the Science and Innovation Group of In: Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE), 14 Nov. 2010, New Orleans, LA pp 1 -8. the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Petersen J. H. (2001). Asproinocybe - a beautiful surprise. Employment. Katrina Syme was supported by the Royal Web page: http:/ /www.mycokey.com/ AAU/WestAfrica/ Botanic Gardens Victoria, ABRS grant (RFL217-63), and Asproinocybe.htm. Raj K.N, Latha K.P.D, Leelavathy K.M., Manimohan P. (2019). T. 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