Turner and McIlwraith’s Techniques in Large Animal Surgery 4th Edition Turner and McIlwraith’s Techniques in Large Animal Surgery 4th Edition Dean A. Hendrickson DVM, MS, DACVS Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Fort Collins, Colorado A. N. (Nickie) Baird DVM, MS, DACVS Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine West Lafayette, Indiana This edition first published 2013 © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. First and Second editions, © Lea & Febiger Third edition, © Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Editorial offices: 2121 State Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50014-8300, USA The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/ wiley-blackwell. 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No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hendrickson, Dean A. Turner and McIlwraith’s techniques in large animal surgery. – 4th ed. / Dean A. Hendrickson, A.N. (Nickie) Baird. p. ; cm. Techniques in large animal surgery Rev. ed. of: Techniques in large animal surgery / Dean A. Hendrickson. 3rd ed. c2007. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-118-27323-4 (hardback : alk. paper) – ISBN 978-1-118-68399-6 (PDF) – ISBN 978-1-118-68404-7 – ISBN 978-1-118-68405-4 (Mobi) – ISBN 978-1-118-68429-0 – ISBN 978-1-118-68439-9 I. Baird, A.N. (Aubrey Nickie) II. Hendrickson, Dean A. Techniques in large animal surgery. III. Turner, A. Simon (Anthony Simon) Techniques in large animal surgery. IV. Title. V. Title: Techniques in large animal surgery. [DNLM: 1. Surgery, Veterinary–methods. 2. Goats–surgery. 3. Horses–surgery. 4. Surgical Procedures, Operative–veterinary. 5. Swine–surgery. SF 911] 636.089’7–dc23 2013007056 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Cover design by Modern Alchemy LLC Set in 10.5/12 pt Minion-Regular by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited 1 2013 CONTENTS Contributors ix Preface to the First Edition xi Preface to the Second Edition xiii Preface to the Third Edition xv Preface to the Fourth Edition xvii  1.  Presurgical Considerations  3 Dean A. Hendrickson, DVM, MS, DACVS Preoperative Evaluation of the Patient 3 Surgical Judgment 4 Principles of Asepsis and Antisepsis 4 Surgical Classifications 4 Role of Antibiotics 5 Preoperative Planning 5 Preparation of the Surgical Site 5 Postoperative Infection 6 References 6  2.  Anesthesia and Fluid Therapy  7 Khursheed Mama, DVM, DACVA Anesthesia 7 Fluid Therapy 23 References 29  3.  Surgical Instruments  33 Dean A. Hendrickson, DVM, MS, DACVS Use of Surgical Instruments 33 Preparation of Instruments 38 General Surgical Instruments 39 Instruments Used Specifically in Large Animal Surgery 52  4.  Suture Materials and Needles  61 Dean A. Hendrickson, DVM, MS, DACVS Suture Materials 61 Needles 67 References 69  5.  Knots and Ligatures  71 Dean A. Hendrickson, DVM, MS, DACVS Principles of Knot Tying 71 Ligatures 73 References 76  6.  Suture Patterns  77 Dean A. Hendrickson, DVM, MS, DACVS Basic Suture Patterns 77 Suture Patterns Used for Closure of Hollow Organs 83 v vi Contents Stent Bandages (Tie-Over Dressings) 88 Suture Patterns for Severed Tendons 88 References 91  7.  Principles of Wound Management and the Use of Drains  93 Dean A. Hendrickson, DVM, MS, DACVS Wound Management 93 Methods of Closure and Healing 96 Use of Drains 97 References 101  8.  Reconstructive Surgery of Wounds  103 Dean A. Hendrickson, DVM, MS, DACVS References 111  9.  Equine Orthopedic Surgery  113 Dean A. Hendrickson, DVM, MS, DACVS Medial Patellar Desmotomy 113 Lateral Digital Extensor Tenotomy 114 Inferior (Distal) Check Ligament Desmotomy 119 Superior Check Ligament Desmotomy (After Bramlage) 122 Superficial Digital Flexor Tenotomy 124 Deep Digital Flexor Tenotomy 126 Sectioning of the Palmar (or Plantar) Annular Ligament of the Fetlock 127 Palmar Digital Neurectomy 129 Amputation of the Splint (II and IV Metacarpal and Metatarsal) Bones 131 Arthrotomy of the Fetlock Joint and Removal of an Apical Sesamoid Chip Fracture 134 References 136 10. Equine Urogenital Surgery  139 Dean A. Hendrickson, DVM, MS, DACVS Castration 139 Cryptorchidectomy by the Inguinal, Parainguinal, and Flank Approach 152 Laparoscopic Cryptorchidectomy 155 Caslick’s Operation for Pneumovagina in the Mare 156 Urethroplasty by Caudal Relocation of the Transverse Fold 159 Cesarean Section in the Mare 160 Circumcision of the Penis (Reefing) 164 Amputation of the Penis 166 Aanes’ Method of Repair of Third-Degree Perineal Laceration 169 References 174 11. Surgery of the Equine Upper Respiratory Tract  177 Dean A. Hendrickson, DVM, MS, DACVS Tracheostomy 177 Laryngotomy, Laryngeal Ventriculectomy, and Ventriculocordectomy 179 Partial Resection of the Soft Palate 183 Surgical Entry and Drainage of the Guttural Pouches 186 References 189 12. Equine Dental and Gastrointestinal Surgery  191 Dean A. Hendrickson, DVM, MS, DACVS Repulsion of Cheek Teeth 191 Ventral Midline Laparotomy and Abdominal Exploration 196 Standing Flank Laparotomy 202 Umbilical Herniorrhaphy in the Foal 207 References 210 13. Bovine Gastrointestinal Surgery  211 A. N. Baird, DVM, MS, DACVS Principles of Laparotomy 211 Flank Laparotomy and Abdominal Exploration 212 Rumenotomy 215 Rumenostomy (Rumenal Fistulation) 219 Contents vii Surgical Corrections of Abomasal Displacements and Torsion 221 Surgical Correction of Cecal Dilatation/Volvulus 231 Small Intestinal Resection and Anastomosis 231 References 232 14. Bovine Urogenital Surgery  235 A. N. Baird, DVM, MS, DACVS Calf Castration 235 Urethrostomy 236 Hematoma Evacuation of the Bovine Penis 241 Preputial Resection and Anastomosis in the Bull 245 Surgical Techniques for Teaser Bull Preparation 248 Inguinal Herniorrhaphy in the Mature Bull 252 Unilateral Castration 257 Cesarean Section in the Cow 258 Retention Suturing of the Bovine Vulva (Buhner’s Method) 265 Cervicopexy for Vaginal Prolapse (after Winkler) 266 References 270 15. Bovine General Surgery  273 A. N. Baird, DVM, MS, DACVS Digit Amputation 273 Digit Amputation via Disarticulation 274 Eye Enucleation 276 Cosmetic Dehorning 277 Rib Resection and Pericardiotomy 280 Repair of Teat Lacerations 283 Third Eyelid Resection 288 Tracheotomy 288 Umbilical Surgery 289 References 290 16. Small Ruminant Surgery  293 A. N. Baird, DVM, MS, DACVS Dehorning the Mature Goat 293 Disbudding the Young Goat 295 Obstructive Urolithiasis 296 Mastectomy 297 Vasectomy 298 Cesarean Section 299 Rectal Prolapse Resection in Small Ruminants 300 References 301 17. Camelid Surgery  303 A. N. Baird, DVM, MS, DACVS Castration of the Llama 303 Cesarean Section in the Camelid 304 Tooth Removal in the Llama 305 References 309 18. Swine Surgery  311 A. N. Baird, DVM, MS, DACVS Castration of the Piglet 311 Inguinal Herniorrhaphy in the Piglet 312 Cryptorchid Castration of Piglets 314 Preputial Diverticulum Ablation 316 Cesarean Section in the Sow 317 Ovariohysterectomy in the Pot-Bellied Pig 319 Rectal Prolapse Ring Placement 319 References 320 Index 323