TURKISH VOCABULARY for English speakers • Contains the most commonly used words • Recommended as an addition to any language course • Meets the needs of beginners and advanced learners of foreign languages • Convenient for daily use, reviewing sessions, and self- testing activities • Allows you to assess your vocabulary T&P Books vocabularies are intended for helping you learn, memorize and review foreign words. This vocabulary contains over 9000 commonly used words arranged thematically. 256 themes cover all major aspects of everyday activities, business, science, culture, etc. Foreign language learners often feel the necessity to enrich their vocabulary with new words and review the materials they have studied before in order to talk on different subjects more fluently and comprehensively. Conventional dictionaries with alphabetical arrangement of words fail to produce effective results, whereas theme dictionaries from T&P Books are specially designed to elevate the convenience of studying and reviewing the vocabulary. This vocabulary book can be used as an addition to a foreign language course textbook or a course. It will become an invaluable helper during a trip abroad. T&P Books dictionaries are particularly convenient to use for multiple reviewing, which is crucial for producing positive results in language learning. ABBREVIATIONS used in the vocabulary ab. -about adj -adjective adv -adverb anim. -animate as adj -attributive noun used as adjective e.g. -for example etc. -et cetera fam. -familiar fem. -feminine form. -formal inanim. -inanimate masc. -masculine math -mathematics mil. -military n -noun pl -plural pron. -pronoun sb -somebody sing. -singular sth -something v aux -auxiliary verb vi -intransitive verb vi, vt -intransitive, transitive verb vt -transitive verb PRONUNCIATION GUIDE Letter Turkish example T&P phonetic English example alphabet Vowels A a ada [a] shorter than in ask E e eş [e] elm, medal I ı tıp [ı] big, America İ i isim [i] shorter than in feet O o top [ɔ] bottle, doctor Ö ö ödül [ø] eternal, church U u mum [u] book Ü ü süt [y] fuel, tuna Consonants B b baba [b] baby, book C c cam [ʤ] joke, general Ç ç çay [ʧ] church, French D d diş [d] day, doctor F f fikir [f] face, food G g güzel [g] game, gold 1 Ğ ğ oğul no sound 2 Ğ ğ öğle vakti [j] yes, New York H h hata [h] home, have J j jest [ʒ] forge, pleasure K k komşu [k] clock, kiss L l lise [l] lace, people M m meydan [m] magic, milk N n neşe [n] name, normal P p posta [p] pencil, private R r rakam [r] rice, radio S s sabah [s] city, boss Ş ş şarkı [ʃ] machine, shark T t tren [t] tourist, trip V v vazo [v] very, river Y y yaş [j] yes, New York Z z zil [z] zebra, please Comments * Letters Ww, Xx used in foreign words only 1 silent after hard vowels (a, ı, o, u) and lengthens this vowel 2 after soft vowels (e, i, ö, ü) BASIC CONCEPTS BASIC CONCEPTS. PART 1 1. Pronouns I, me ben [bæn] you sen [sæn] he, she, it o [o] we biz [biz] you (to a group) siz [siz] they onlar [onlar] 2. Greetings. Salutations. Farewells Hello! (fam.) Selam! [sæʎam] Hello! (form.) Merhaba! [mærhaba] Good morning! Günaydın! [gynajdın] Good afternoon! İyi günler! [ijı gynlær] Good evening! İyi akşamlar! [ijı akʃamlar] to say hello selam vermek [sæʎam værmæk] Hi! (hello) Selam!, Merhaba! [sæʎam mærhaba] greeting (n) selam [sæʎam] to greet (vt) selamlamak [sæʎamlamak] How are you? Nasılsın? [nasılsın]