T s ik a d z a V a S h c n a J . A 4 . G c m b e B o o k C e n t r e Tsika dzaVaShona J.M. Gombe Mifananidzo yomukati naLinos Mushambi f t r T h e C o l l e g e P r e s s ' I THE COLLEGE PRESS (PVT) LTD P.O. Box 3041 Harare Zimbabwe ©J.M. Combe / First Published 1986. Printed by LITHO SERVICES (PVT) LTD Harare ISBN 0 86925 559 2 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrival system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers. л Кипа vashakabvu, Baba James Combe naMai Naome Matsvata avo vaiona nhamo yokurima nzungu vachiitira kuti budzi ravo rionewo musiwo wee hi кого. ZIVISO YOKUTENDA Ndinopa rutendo rwangu kumushakabvu A C Hodza, VaT.K Tsodzo naVaA.S. Chigwedere norubatsiro rwavo pakurongwa nokunyorwa kwebhuku iri, nokuna Tendisai Joyce, hama yapasi, uyo aiona pfumvu yokurovera mavara aya pamuchini. Ndinopawo rutendo kune avo vanotevera norubatsiro rwavo rwemazano, pfungwa, tsigiro neyemuro zvavakapa pakunyorwa kwebhuku rino: С C Kuona R C Sisimayi R H Chakamba M S Kachere N О Chari A Macheka С C Chieza J Mhere P Chihaka j Z Muchovo Sekuru C Chimasha I К Takawira STM Hove I Zvarevashe Vagadziri vebhuku vanotenda National Archives nemvumo yokushandisa mufananidzo uri pabutiro. C h i t s a u k o pej¡ 1. Daré ....................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Daré senzvimbo yavarume ...................................................... 7 1.2 Daré semba yaigara varume .................................................... 8 1.3 Daré senzvimbo yokutandarira .................. 9 1.4 Daré sechikoro ............................................................................. 11 1.5 Daré senzvimbo yokudyira yavarume .................................. 12 2. Daré remhosva ................................................................................... 17 2.1 Zvinoreva izwi iri ........................................................................ 17 2.2 Matare apamusha ...................................................................... 17 2.3 Matare epamusoro ................................................................... 18 2.4 Zvipeto zvapamatare makuru ................................................ 20 2.5 Murao/Mutemo ................................................................. 22 3. Vatete 25 3.1 Ndiani anonzi vatete .................................................................. 25 3.2 Kunobva simba ravo .................................................................. 25 3.3 Dzidziso yavazukurusikana .................................................... 27 3.4 Gadziriro yokupinda mumba .................................................. 29 3.5 Vatete navazukurukomana .................................................... 30 3.6 Shamhu yokushaya mbereko .................................................. 31 4. Tsika dzokuwanana dzavaShona 35 4.1 Nhanganyaya yewanano ........................................................... 35 4.2 Nzira dzokuwanana .................................................................. 36 4.3 Mazwi anoshandiswa pákubvunzira .................................... 48 4.4 Zvipeto zvaparoora nokubvunzira ...................................... 49 4.5 Zvipeto zvemukumbo ............................................................... 49 5. Kunoreva danga kuvakuwasha 52 5.1 Rwendo rwekunoreva danga .................................................. 52 5.2 Zvipeto pakutaridza tezvara danga ...................................... 53 5.3 Zvipfuyo zvinobviswa pakuroora ........................................ 54 6. Mudzimu, mhondoro, mashavi .................................................... 59 6.1 Chitendero chávatema ..................' ........................................ 59 6.2 Mudzimu ...................................................................................... 59 6 3 Mhondoro .................................................................................. 60 6.4 Shavi ............................................................................................... 61 6.5 N'anga ............................................. 62 6.6 Zvipeto zven'anga ...................................................................... 64 7. Nhimbe hoka 68 7.1 Chii chinonzi nhimbe 68 7.2 Marongwerwo enhimbe 68 7.3 jakwara 70 7.4 Manwirwo edoro rapanhimbe 72 7.5 Matekerwo ehari yedoro 74 7.6 Mashoko okupedzisira 75 7.7 Mushandirapamwe wepasichigare 75 8. Mukwerera 77 8.1 Basa romukwerera 77 8.2 Mabikirwo edoro romukwerera 78 8.3 B ira regasva................................................................................. 78 9. Kurova guva nenhaka 80 9.1 Zvinangwa zvekurova guva 80 9.2 Mutambo wokurova guva 81 9.3 Kugovewa kwenhumbi 83 9.4 Nhaka ............................................................................................ 83 \ 10. Kutanda botso 86 10.1 Chii chinonzi botso ................................................................. 86 10.2 Mafambiro emutambo wacho 87 11. Madzimambo 89 11.1 Basa ramadzimambo ............................................................. 89 11.2 Kugadzwa kwamambo ........................................................... 90 11.3 Kuvigwa Kwamambo ............................................................. 92 12. Dzimwe nyaya nezvokuita 93 12.1 Usahwira ................................................................................... 93 12.2 Ukama hwedu ........................................................................... 93 12.3 Ngano .......................................................................................... 95 12.4-13 Zvokudya ............................................................................. 97 Tsanangudzo Yamazwi 100 7 Dare 1.1 Daré senzvimbo yavarume Izwi rokuti daré rinoreva zvinhu zviviri. Kekutanga rinoreva nzvimbo inogara vanhurume. Kechipiri rinoreva vanhu vakaungana kutonga mhosva. Tichatanga taongorora daré senzvimbo inogara varume, to- zoonawo daré remhosva. Kare kare kusati kwauya chiRungu chakauya ichi musha woga woga капа kuti mana roga roga raifanifa kuva nedare raro. Rimwe izwi rinoreva daré ndichivara. Manheru oga oga munhu wese ari wemurume aifanira kuenda kunogara navamwe padare. Pamangwanani zvakare aifanira kumuka achinanga padare asati aenda kwaanoda. Chaive chinhu chinosvodesa kwazvo kuona munhurume achifuma ari mumba капа kuviririwa nezuva arimo asingaendi кипе vamwe. Капа ma- dzimaiwo aitotuka zvikomana zvati samhu vachiti- 'Endai panze pane vamwe varume, musatitadzisa kutsvaira madota'. Nzvimbo yaiitirwa chivara yakanga iri nzvimbo yakanakawo. Vakuru vaiwanzotsvaka nzvimbo yakati taramuke ndokunge musha wavo капа mana ravo riri guru. Pamwe vaitsvaga nzvimbo iri pedo nezimuti guru pamwewo seri kwechuru. Vamwewo vaizoronga rusosa rwamatombo kudzivirira mhepo. Chivara капа kuti daré yakanga isiri nzvimbo yai- pfirirwa kwete. Nzvimbo yechivara iyi yaionekwawo nechoto капа zvoto. Padare apa vanhu vaigara namazera. Mbumbuchena dzaigara dzoga, vanasaimba vegawo, vachangotangisa dzimba vega, majaha egawo, zvikomana zvati kurei pazvoo zvega. Jaha rainge raroora raibva kupwere ronogara namasaimba. Daré roga roga raive nomukuru waro ainzi sadare капа kuti sachivara. Zvikwata zvikwata zvaivewo navatungamiriri vazvo. Sadare uyu aifanira kuva munhu anokudzikana, munhu ane chiremera pamwe noruzivo. Kazhinji munhu iyeyu ndiye aive ziso rasadunhu, ishe, капа mambo. Pakazouya vaRungu vamwe vevanhu ivava ndivo vakazopiwa mabhuku ainge akanyorwa vanhu vemana iroro vachibva vanzi masabhuku. Kuuyáwo kwenyaya yokuti dzimba dzivakwe dzakaita 8 mutsetse kwakaita kuti zvivara zvemumamana zviite zvishoma. Mhuri yoga yoga yakazenge yongoti uyu раке, uyu раке. Nhasi uno vanhu vachiri kugara pachivara vave vashoma zvbkuti makore anouya ayo hatizivi kuti капа izwí rokuti chivara richange richine vanoziva zvarinoreva here. Nyaya yechivara iyi inyaya yakanga iri mutsika nehunhu kuvatema vomuno muZimbabwe капа vatema venyika yeAfrica yose zvayo. Inyaya yaiunza kubutana, kgnzwanana, kuwirirana, mushandirapamwe kwete mazvakemazvake akaunzwa nevekumadokera aya. Chivara ndiwo wakanga uri musimboti wemhuri, wema,na капа wevavakidzani. Upenyu namagariro nehunhu zvikuru hwevanhurume hwaiumbwa padare. Iyi yakanga iri nhaka yemusiidzanwa yatakasiirwa namadzitetguru edu. Vasharuka vazhinji zvikuru vaya vomumaruwa, vánenge vaehadonhedza misodzi nokufunga kuti chokwadi zvechivara izvi zvave kutonzi ndezveshure. 'Vana капа vashingagari pachivara vanodzidzei chaizvo? Ndiani achavadzidzisa unhu netsika dzedu?' Iyi ndiyo mimwe yemibvu- nzo yavanobvunza. Кипе mumwe musharuka akazombonditi, "ndiyo yakanga iri yunivhesiti yedu iyoyo.' Nyangwe zvavo vamwe vasharuka ava vachiyemura ruzivo runounzwa namabhuku, vanofunga ivo kuti ruzivo rwomumabhuku rwoga harukwanisi kuumba murume akazara. Vanotsoropodza hunyanzwi husina nyundo hwevana vamazuva ano vava kutora dzimwe tsika dzedu vachipa imbwa. lye zvino pave nemukaha mukuru kwazvo pakati pevasharuka nezvi- zvarwa zvamazuva ano wave kunge uya uri pakati pevanhu vanotaura ndirpi dzakasiyana-siyana. Mafungiro avo anenge apana makotsi. Kare izvi zvose zvakange zvisipo nokuti vakuru navaduku vaigara pachivara chimwe vadoko vachiudzwa mashoko oungwaru navakuru. Dzidzo yose youpenyu yaibva pachivara. Yaivezve dzidzo yaishandisa zvinhu zvi- noonekera, zvomupenyu chaizvo kwete iva yokungofunga zvinogona kungoonekwa nepfungwa bedzi. Zvino ngatichimboona zvinhu zvaiitika padare. 1.2 Daré sougaro hwavarume Tamboti zviya daré ndiyo yaive nzvimbo yavarume капа kuti tingatoti ndiyo yaive imba yavarume. Madzimai pavaidzinga varume nevana vavo kubva mudzimba vainge vasingangovadzingi kuti vaende кипе vamwe varume chete asi kuti vaiitirawo kuti varege kutadziswa kuita basa ravo. Varume vaigarotenderera mudzimba ava vazhinji vavo vaishusha. Varume ivava vaiwanzoita basa rokugamba maga anobva kuvanhukadzi pamwe neveanhurume. Kusekwa navamwe varume uchinzi uri jengavasikana капа kuti jengavakadzi chainge ch¡ri chinhu chinosvo- resa. Izvi zvinhu zvaiitawo kuti varume vagare padare. Vaitozobvapo voenda kunorara kwanaya капа kuti voenda kumabasa. Mazuva ano zvinhu zvashanduka, zvikuru mumadhorobha. Varongi vekuvakwa kwamadhorobhá hapana pavakambosiyawo vachiti iyi inzvimbo yedare.