TSENGULUSO YA MUSHUMO WA MAKHADZI KHA MVELELE YA TSHIVENḒA NGA MPFARISENI ANDREW MUDAU YO ṊETSHEDZWA HU U ṰOḒOU SWIKELELA ṰHOḒEA DZA DIGIRI YA MASIṰASI KHA NYAMBO DZA VHAREMA FAKHAḼITHI YA NGUDO DZA VHATHU (Tshikolo tsha Nyambo na Ngudo dza Vhudavhidzani) YUNIVESITHI YA LIMPOPO MUDZUDZANYI: PROF. MAḒADZHE R.N 2012 MUANO Nṋe wa tsaino i re afho fhasi ndi ana uri mushumo u re kha tsenguluso ino ndi wanga we nda kuvhanganya nṋe muṋe nahone a u athu u iswa kha Yunivesithi ifhio kana ifhio u ṱoḓa u fusha ṱhoḓea ya digirii ifhio kana ifhio. TSAINO ………………………………………… DATUMU: ……………………… i VHUḒIKUMEDZI Mushumo uyu woṱhe ndi u kumedzela mufarisi wanga Pfuluwani Sarah Mudau na vhatukana vhanga Phaṱhutshedzo, Khuthadzo, Ṋetshedzo khathihi na khaladzi avho Phumudzo. Wa u fhedzisela wa ndeme ane nda kumedzela mushumo uyu khae ndi mme anga Vho Tshisaphungo Muthuhadini Mudau. Mudau M.A ii NDIVHUWO Ndi tama u livhuwa vhathu vha tevhelaho vhe vha mpfarisa uri uyu mushumo u khunyelele nga ngona na nga vhudele. Nga ndoṱhe mushumo uyu ndo vha ndi nga si u ṱhaphudze. Ndivhuwo dzanga ndi dzi livhisa kha mugudisi wanga Muphurofesa Vho R.N Maḓadzhe. Ndi vhe vha ntikedza nga vhukoni na vhuṱali kha u bveledzisa uyu mushumo. Vhathu vhaṅwe vha ndeme vhane nda tama u isa ndivhuwo dzanga khavho ndi Dr.T.T Rabothata vhe vha shela mulenzhe zwinzhi vhutshiloni hanga uri ndi vhe hune nda vha hone namusi. Musanda Vho Mashau G.S vhe vha nṱuṱuwedza vha sa fheli mbilu ndi ri khavho, “Munwe muthihi a u ṱusi mathuthu.” Ndi livhuwa na Khotsimunene wanga Mmbulaheni Lawrence Mudau kha u nzudzanyela mushumo uyu woṱhe nga khomphyutha naho zwi tshi khou konḓa, Mudzimu a ni lavhelese tshifhaṱuwo tshawe tsho tsha. Khonani yanga Ntshauba Siwethu Thomas ṱhuṱhuwedzo na thikhedzo yaṋu ndi a zwi livhuwa. Muthu muṅwe wa ndeme ane nda tama u mu livhuwa ndi mufarisi wanga Pfuluwani Sarah, mushumo wa ṱhuṱhuwedzo na lufuno zwe na nnyitela zwo ita uri uyu mushumo u vhibve. Mudzimu a ni engedzele maḓuvha a vhutshilo. Ndivhuwo dzanga ndi dzi livhisa na kha vhana vhanga Phaṱhutshedzo, Khuthadzo, Ṋetshedzo na Phumudzo kha zwe na kona u nthusa he nda vha ndi tshi kundelwa. Ndi livhuwa Muhasho woṱhe wa Nyambo dza Vharema kha Yunivesithi ya Limpopo kha ṱhuṱhuwedzo ye vha ita uri ri swike hafha hune ra vha hone namusi, ndi sa hangwi na vha ḽaiburari vhe vha ri thusa nga bugu dza u vhala. Ndi livhuwa iwe vhe na ralo u fhindula mbudziso dzanga, na vhe vha ralo u nkhanelela nga zwa makhadzi. Nḓivho yaṋu yo mbo mpfumisa maṅwalo ano ya bvisela khagala ndeme ya mushumo wa makhadzi kha mvelele ya Vhavenḓa. iii MANWELEDZO Ngudo iyi yo sengulusa mushumo wa makhadzi kha mvelele ya Tshivenḓa. Hu na zwivhuya zwinzhi zwine zwa bveledzwa nga makhadzi muṱani. Makhadzi u vhonala a tshi ita mushumo wa ndeme muṱani wa Muvenḓa. Vhathu vhanzhi vha khou dzhenelela kha mushumo wa makhadzi. Izwi zwi thithisa vhadzulapo vha si tsha ḓivha mushumo wa makhadzi zwavhuḓi. ABSTRACT The mini-dissertation investigated the role played by an aunt in African Culture with special reference to Tshivenḓa. The study has discovered that an aunt played an important role in a family. Nowadays, other people are involved in the role played by makhadzi. This seems as if the community is confused about the role of makhadzi. iv ZWIRE NGOMU TSHITEṄWA SIAṰARI NDIMA YA U THOMA 1 1 MARANGAPHANḒA 1 2 THAIDZO DZI KWAMAHO ṰHOḒISISO 1 3 NDIVHO YA NGUDO 2 4 ZWIPIKWA 3 5 NGONA DZA ṰHOḒISISO 3 6 TSENGULUSO YA MAWANWA 4 7 NDEME YA NGUDO 5 NDIMA YA VHUVHILI 6 TSENGULUSO YA MAṄWALWA 6 2.1 MARANGAPHANḒA 6 2.2 MAKHADZI NDI NNYI 6 2.3 PHAMBANO VHUKATI HA MAKHADZI NA MIṄWE MIRAḒO YA MUṰA 8 2.4 NḒILA INE MAKHADZI A DZHIIWA NGAYO MUṰANI 10 2.5 MUSHUMO WA MAKHADZI 12 2.6 MANWELEDZO 23 NDIMA YA VHURARU 25 3 MUSHUMO WA MAKHADZI KHA ZWA MATSHILISANO 25 3.1 MARANGAPHANḒA 25 3.2 U MALA 25 3.3 MAKHADZI U A VHA ṊENḒILA 27 3.4 DZEKISO 29 3.5 MAKHADZI U A TANDULULA THAIDZO 32 3.6 THEVHULA 34 v 3.7 U LELA VHANA 37 3.8 U LAYA VHANA 39 3.9 U SHUMA KHA ZWA MBULUNGO 43 3.10 ZWITHITHISI ZWA MAKHADZI MUṰANI 44 NDIMA YA VHUṊA 46 4 U SAUKANYA NA ṰHALUTSHEDZO DZA MAWANWA 46 4.1 MARANGAPHANḒA 46 4.2 U SAUKANYA ṰHALUTSHEDZO INE YA BVA KHA VHASWA 46 4.3 U SAUKANYA ṰHALUTSHEDZO INE YA BVA KHA VHORADZIPFUNZO 56 4.4 U SAUKANYA ṰHALUTSHEDZO I BVAHO KHA VHAFUNZI 66 4.5 U SAUKANYA ṰHALUTSHEDZO I BVAHO KHA MAKHADZI 76 4.6 SAUKANYA ṰHALUTSHEDZO I BVAHO KHA VHOMAINE 85 4.7 U SAUKANYA ṰHALUTSHEDZO I BVAHO KHA MAHOSI VHA SIALALA 94 4.8 U SAUKANYA ṰHALUTSHEDZO I BVAHO KHA VHAKEGULU 104 NDIMA YA VHUṰANU 115 5.1 MARANGAPHANḒA 115 5.3 MAWANWA 116 5.4 THEMENDELO 117 5.5 MAGUMO 118 BUGUTSHUMISWA 119 vi NDIMA YA 1 MUSHUMO WA MAKHADZI 1 MARANGAPHANḒA Naho ho no itwa ṱhoḓisiso nnzhi nga ha mushumo wa vhafumakadzi muṱani, ṱhoḓisiso iyo a yo ngo eḓana. Ṱhoḓisiso iyo yo ḓisendeka kha sia ḽithihi fhedzi ḽa u sumbedza mushumo wa vhafumakadzi nga u angaredza. Vhasengulusi a vho ngo bvisela khagala mishumo ya miraḓo ya muṱa nga muthihi nga muthihi sa mushumo wa mme, mushumo wa makhadzi, mushumo wa makhulu nga u ralo nga u ralo. Ndi kha yeneyi ṱhoḓisiso he ha itwa ṱhoḓisiso nga ha mushumo wa makhadzi zwo ḓisendeka kha mvelele ya Tshivenḓa. Ṱhoḓisiso iyi yo ita u ri ri kone u ḓivha na u vhona uri naa mushumo wa makhadzi ndi ufhio muṱani. 2 THAIDZO DZI KWAMAHO ṰHOḒISISO U ya nga nzulele ya musalauno, makhadzi u vhonala a si tsha tou vha na maanḓa a u shuma mushumo wawe muṱani. Maanḓa a makhadzi a vhonala a tshi khou ṱhoṱhela. Kha mvelele ya Tshivenḓa, a hu itwi tshithu muṱani makhadzi a siho. Zwa zwino makhadzi ha tsha vhonala muṱani, ndi ngazwo miḓi ya dzikhaladzi i tshi khou pwashea, ṱhalano dzi tshi khou anda, makhadzi ha tsha phasa, mpfu ha tsha ḓivhadza na malwadze a vho anda muṱani kha vhana. Huṅwe u wana uri hu tshi maliwa makhadzi u vha e siho na u ḓivhadzwa ha tsha ḓivhadzwa. Hu tshi vhewa vhuhosi, ri pfa huṅwe makhadzi a tshi fhiriṱanya mafhungo. Huṅwe makhadzi u a putiswa, mushumo u sa tsha tshimbila nga nḓila yone, ha vho vuwa pfudzungule i sa takulwi. Izwi zwi ṋea thaidzo ya uri nga ngoho mushumo wa makhadzi a u khou vhonala. Makhadzi u vhonala o ḓisendedza murahu kha mvelele ya hawe. Mushumo wawe ha tsha u ḓivha. Izwi zwi khou ṱuṱuwedzwa na nga tshanduko ya shango. Vhathu vha vho dzhia makhadzi a sa tsha vha muthu wa u tea u vhudzwa mafhungo, mafhungo a vho vhigwa fhethu hu si hone sa kha vhashumelavhapo, na vharangaphanḓa vha 1 shango vha musalauno. Nga nṱhani ha u bva kha mvelele ya Tshivenḓa na maitele a hone, sa u tshina ngoma dzo fhambanaho dza Tshivenḓa, vhana vha vhasidzana vho teaho u vha Vhomakhadzi vha matshelo, vha vho fara maṅwe maitele mavhi ane a xedza mvelele yavho ya Tshivenḓa. Vhana vha vhasidzana vhane vha vha vho makhadzi vha matshelo, vha vho ḓidzhenisa kha maitele o bvaho a u ya dziḓoroboni, vha dzula zwiṱaraṱani na mafhandeni a dzibada vha vho ita zwiito zwo bvaho zwi sa tshimbilelaniho na mvelele kana vhutshilo havho. Zwiito izwi zwi vho xedza mushumo wa ndeme wa makhadzi. Vhana vha vhasidzana vhane vha vha vhone Vhomakhadzi vha matshelo, vha vho dzhiela nṱha vhutshilo ha nnḓa u fhirisa vhutshilo ha muṱani vhune ha vha na ndeme ngauralo, zwiito izwi zwi xedza vhumatshelo ha u vha makhadzi wa vhukuma. Nḓivho na ndeme ya u vha makhadzi zwi vho ngalangala. Ṱhoḓisiso iyi ndi ya ndeme sa izwi yo bvisela khagala uri makhadzi wa vhukuma u fanela u vha muthuḓe nahone u na nḓivhoḓe kha u shuma mushumo wawe. Musi hu na mushumo muṱani, mbonalo ya makhadzi ndi ya ndeme ngauri ndi ene o hwalaho vhuḓifhinduleli hoṱhe ha muṱani. Fhedzi makhadzi wa musalauno u ḓisendedza murahu kha mushumo we a livhana nawo, o ḓibvula. Zwithu zwi khou khakhea makhadzi e hone muṱani. Na u kaidza ha kaidzi nga nṱhani ha u shaya nḓivho. 3 NDIVHO YA NGUDO Ndivho ya ngudo iyi ndi u sengulusa mushumo wa makhadzi muṱani. Ndivho iyi yo swikelwa nga u fhindula mbudziso dzi tevhelaho. • Makhadzi ndi nnyi? • Mushumo wa makhadzi ndi ufhio muṱani? • Ndi lini hune makhadzi a tea u shuma mushumo wawe? • Ndi ngafhi hune makhadzi a tea u shuma mushumo wawe hone? 2 4 ZWIPIKWA • U ṋea ṱhalutshedzo uri makhadzi ndi nnyi muṱani. • U bvisela khagala mushumo wa makhadzi muṱani kha mvelele ya Tshivenḓa. • U sumbedza tshifhinga tshine makhadzi a tea u shuma mushumo wawe ngatsho. • U sumbedza fhethuvhupo hune makhadzi a tea u shuma mushumo wawe. 5 NGONA YA ṰHOḒISISO Kha u sengulusa aya mafhungo, ṱhoḓisiso iyo yo shumisa ngona ya khwaḽithethivi. Ngona iyi yo tea ngauri yo thusa muṱoḓisisi uri a wane uri ndi ngani zwithu zwi tshi tea u bvelela nga nḓila iyo. 5.1 NGONA YA PHURAIMARI Ṱhoḓisiso iyi yo kwama vhathu vha tevhelaho ngauri vha na nḓivho zwi tshi ya kha sia ḽa mvelele ya Tshivenḓa. Ho farwa nyambedzano na vhathu vha tevhelaho: • Vhakegulu vha fumi (10) vhane vha vha na nḓivho nga ha mvelele ya Tshivenḓa Vhaṱanu (5) vha dzulaho Hamashau na vhaṱanu (5) vha dzulaho Tshakhuma vha vhukale ha +-47-80. • Mahosi a fumi (10) vha sialala vha Vhavenḓa vhane vha vha na nḓivho nga ha mvelele ya Tshivenḓa. Vhaṱanu (5) vha dzulaho Hatshivhasa na vhaṱanu (5) vha dzulaho Ṋiani. Vha vhukale ha +-75-90. • Vhomaine vhafumi (10) vha ḓivhaho nga ha mvelele ya Tshivenḓa. Vhaṱanu na muthihi (6) vha dzulaho Hamasia, na vhana (4) vhadzulaho Tshimbupfe, vha vhukale ha +-65-75. • Vhomakhadzi vha fumi (10) vhane vha vha na nḓivho nga ha mushumo wa makhadzi vhararu (3) vha dzulaho Dzingahe, vhavhili (2) vha dzulaho Nzhelele, vhararu (3) vha dzulaho Tshaulu na muthihi a dzulaho Hamashau, vha vhukale ha miṅwaha +-45-65. 3