OF THE ORGANIZERS, LEADERS AND MEMBERS OF THE POLISH DIVERSIONIST ORGANIZATIONS IN THE REAR OF THE RED ARMY ON 1'HE TERRITORY OF POLAND, LITHUANIA, AND T H E W E S T E R N R E G I O N S O F B Y E L O R U S S I A AND THE UKRAINE HEARD BEFORE THE MILITARY COLLEGIUM OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE U.S.S.R. 18-21, 1945 jUNE VERBATIM R E P O R T ef First published in Russian by the Publishing House the of of People's Commissariat Justice the U.S.S.R. Moscow, 1945 HUTCHINSON & CO. (Publishers), LTD. LONDON : : NEW YORK : : MELBOURNE ; : SYDNEY T R I A L OF THE ORGANIZERS, LEADERS AND MEMBERS. OF THE POLISH DIVERSIONIST ORGANIZA TIONS IN THE REAR OF THE RED ARMY ON THE TERRITORY OF POLAND, LITHUANIA, AND THE WESTERN REGIONS OF BYELORUSSIA AND THE UKRAINE THIS BOOK IS PRODUCED IN COMPLETE CONFORMITY WITH THE AUTHORIZED ECONOMY STANDARDS PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN, AT THE ANCHOR PRESS, TIPTREE, :: m;SEX :: REPORT OF COURT PROCEEDINGS C O N T E N T S PAGE MORNING· SF;SSION, JUNE 18, J:945 opening of the Trial • 9 • • • • • • • • I I Indictment • • • • • • • • • • • Examination of the Accused Jasiukowicz • • • • • 35 Examination of the Accused Bien • • • • • • • 46 Examination of the Accused Jankowski • • 53 • • • • EVENING SESSION, JUNE 18 Examination of the Accused Jankowski [cont.] • • • • 68 70 Examination of the Witness German • • • • • • 80 Examination of the Witness Janson • • • • • • Examination of the Witness Kuzminski • • • • • • 90 Examination of the Witness Swieczltowski • • • • • 92 Examination of the Witness Grolinska • • • 94 • • • Examination of the Witness Stankiewicz . • • • • • 95 MORNING SESSION, JUNE 19 Examination of the Witness Dzialynski • 99 • • • • • Examination of the Witness Lotarewicz 103 • • • • • • Examination of the Witness Kolenda 105 • • • • • • Examination of the Witness Urbanowicz . 108 • • • • • Examination of the Witness Niewierowski 110 • • • • • Examination of the Accused Okulicki • • I l l • • • • Examination of the Accused Zwierzynski 133 • • • • • Examination of the Accused Urbanski • 139 • • • • • EVENING SESSION, JUNE 19 Examination of the Accused Czarnowski 145 • • • • • • Examination of the Accused Baginski 151 • • • • • • Examination of the Accused Mierzwa 157 • • • • • • Examination of the Accused Khacinski 159 • • • • • • Examinati"On of the Accused Kobylanski 162 • • • • • • Examination of the Accused Stemler-JJombski 164 • • • • • Examination of the Accused Mik'halowski 167 • • • • • Examination of the Accused Stypulkowsfei 170 • • • • • Examination of the Accused Puzhak 172 • • • • • • 5 PAGE MORNING SESSION, JUNE 20 Conclusion of }udiciaJ, Examination . . • . . . r78 Speech for the Prosecution by M-ajor-General N. P. Afanasyev, of the judicial Service, Chief Military Procurator of the Red Army. . 180 Speech for the Prosecution by State Counsellor 2nd Rank R. A. Rudenko 199 Speech in Defence by Accused Okulicki . . . • . . 204 Speech for the Defence by I. D. Braude . . . . . . 210 EVENING SESSION, JUNE 20 Speech/or the Defence by S. F. Plevako 213 • • • • • • Speech for the Defence by N. N. Milovidov 214 • • • • • 216 Speech for the Def by V. P. Markevich enc~ • • • • • Speech for the Defence by V. I. Mikhalsky 217 • • • • • Speech for the Defence by M. A. Otsep 218 • • • • • • • Speech for the Defence by S. K. Kaznacheyev 220 • • • • • Speech in Defence by Accused Jankowski 222 • • • • • Speech in Defence by Accused Stypulkowski 224 • • • • • Final Plea of the Accused Okulicki 227 • • • • • • Final Plea of the Accused Stemler-Dombski 227 • • • • • Final Plea of the Accused Jankowski 227 • • • • • • Final Plea of the Accused Kobylanski 229 • • • • • • Final Plea of the Accused Bien 229 • • • • • • • Final Plea of the Accused Mikhalowski 230 • • • • • • Final Plea of the Ac'iused ]asiukowicz 230 • • • • • • Final Plea of the Accused Urbanski 231 • • • • • • Final Plea of the Accused Puzhak. • • • • • • ~32 Final Plea of the Accused Khacinski 232 • • • • • • Final Plea of the Accused Zwierzynski 232 • • • • • • Final Plea of the Accused Czarnowski 233 • • • • • • Final Plea of the Accused Baginski 233 • • • • • • Final Plea of the Accused Mierzwa 234 • • • • • Final Plea of the Accused Stypulkowski . 234 • • • • • The Verdict • • • • • • • • • C O M P O S I T I O N O F T H E C O U R T O F T H E M I L I T A R Y C O L L E G I U M OF T H E SUPREME C O U R T O F T H E U.S.S.R. PRESIDENT: Colonel-General of the Judicial Service V. V. ULRICH President of the Military Collegium o f the Supreme Court of the U.S.S.R. OF COURT: M E M B E R S T H E Major-General of the Judicial Service L. D. DMITRIEV Colonel of the Judicial Service I. V. DETISTOV Members o f tke Military Collegium o f the Supreme Court of the U.S.S.R. SECRETA R I E S : Colonel of the Judicial Service A. A. BATNER J Lieutenant-Colonel of the uclicial Service L. N. KUDRYAVTSEV FOR THE PROSECUTION: Major-General of the Judicial Service N. P. AFANASYEV Chief Military Procurator of the Red Army State Counsellor 2nd Rank of the Judicial Service R. A. RUDENKO FOR THE DEFENCE: I. D. BRAUDE, V. I. MIKHALSKY, N. N. MILOVIDOV, S. K. KAZNACHEYEV, V. P. MARKEVICH, M. A. OTSEP and S. F. PLEVA KO Members o f the M..oscow Collegium of Defence 7 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FACING PAGE 96 The Courtroom during the trial . • • • • • • • Group of foreign correspondents at the trial 97 • • • • • 176 Foreign correspondents at the trial • • • • • • • 177 American and English correspondents sending out reports of the trial • Chief Red Army Procurator, Major-General N. P. Afanasyev, speaking in his capacity as public prosecutor at the trial . . . 180 Public prosecutor, State Counsel Second Clc\ss R. A. Rudenko I8I • • I. D. Braude, of the Moscow Bar Association, Counsel for the defendants Bien and Jasiukowicz . . . . . . . . . 210 Attorney I. D. Braude (left) talking to his clients Bien (centre) and J asiukowicz . . . . . . . . . . 211 President of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Cou;rt of the U.S.S.R., Cblonel-General V. V. Ulrich, reading the verdict and sentence . . 236 The defendants listening to the sentence 237 • • • • • • • MORNING SESSION, J U N E 18, 1945 • / ' , C o m m a n d a n t of tJ\e Cou£t: The Court is coming. Plea.Se rise. T h e P r e s i d e n t : Be seated. 1 I hereby declare the session of the Military Collegium of "'the Supreme Court of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics open. The. case to be hefid is - that of " by Articles 586 586,•589 and L. OKULICKI: charged with crimes cover~d , ; ; , 581 of the Criminal Code of the R.S.F.S~R. 1 JANKOWSKI, BIEN, JASIUKOWICZ, \<?harged with erimes covered , by Articles 588, 589, and 5811• of the Criminal Coqe o.f the R.S.F.S.R. ; BAGINSKJ, MIERZWA, PAJDAK, PUZHAK..,. ZWIERZYNS~~, 1. STYPULKOWSKI, CZARNOWSKI, KHACINSKI, U~BANSKI, MIKHAL~. OWSKI, KOBYLANSKI, STEMLER-DOMBSKI, charged with! crimes covered by Afticle 588 by virtue of Article 17, and Articles 589 and 5811 of , the Ctjminal Code of~the-R.S.F.S.R. ·, all the accused p~esent? Comr~de Se~retary, ar~ T h e S e c r e t a r y : 1ffi ··the accused are pre5ent, with tile exception of Antoni Pajdak, who is miable to appear in court due to illness . ' (The Secretary of the Court, Colonel Batne• r of th~ Judicial Service, hands the President the trtedical statement certifying th'e, illness 'of the accused Pajdak. The President shows this statement to the tJther members of the Court.) , t .. /. T h e P r e s i d e n t : The Court recognizes ·the failure of accused Pajdak to appear .in Court as justified. I must explain to the ac~used that they have the right to give their testimony wholly or in part in their·'native language,, PoliSh. ' ' There are interpreterSt'present. ~ · Accused Okulicki, have you received ~ copy of the Indictment? Oxulicki: I ~ave. ·~ T h e P r e s i d e n t : Be seated. Accused Jankowski, nave . you received a " copy of the Indictment? J a n k o w s k i : I have. .. copy,.of T h e P r e s i d e n t : Be seated. Accused Bien, have you re~eived· a :• the Indictment ? ' } Bien : I have. .j ... T h e P r e s i d e n t : Be seated. Accused Jasiukqwicz, have ·you received .a ' · copy of the Indictment ? Jasiukowicz: I have. T h e P r e s i d.! I e n t : .Be seated. Atcusep Puzhak, have you received a copy bf the Indictment ? J>uzhak: Yes. \ T h e P r e s i d e n t : Be seated. A• ccused Zwierzynski, have you received a copy of the indictment ? , Zwierzynski : I have. a copy T h e P r e s i d e n t : Be seated. Accused Bagiftski, have you .J"e~eived • - of the Indictment? , , "-.. , . Baginski: I have. T h e P r e s i d e n t : Be seated. Accused Mierzwa, have~ you" received a copy ~ of the Indictment ? • I • .. 9 ... Mierzwa: I have. The President: Be seated. Accused Stypulkowski, have you received a • copy of the Indictment,? Stypulkowski: I have. The President: Be seated. ·Accused Czamowski, havf% you .. received a of Indictment? - ~opy th~· Czarnowski: I have. - r Tile President: Be seated. Accused Khacinski! have yoq received a copy of the Indictment? · , .... - Khacinski: I have. !-. • The Presicfept: Be seated. Accused Urbanski, have you received a copy of the Indictment? * ·· · Urbanskl: I have. • • The P.resident: 'Be seated. Accusesl, Miklialowski,· have you received a copy of the Irl ·ctment ?, Mikhalows i: I have.. . . ,, you The President: Be seated. Accused K"'Obylanski, ·have received' a .. - ..... copy of the Indicbnent ? ... lCobylanskJ: I have. • The ,P. resi ident:, Be seal ted. Accused Stemler-Domoski, have you received a ·copy of the Indictment? • .... I have. , • Stemler-~oµibski: • The )>resident,: Be seated. The Prosecution .;in this case is conductes;l by Afa v-asyev the ~Chief Milit~y Procurato~ of the <Red. :Army, !Major-Leneral of the Judicial Service, and by Stjtte 2nd Rank Rudenko of the Judicial C~1;1nsell9r Service. The Defence is conductea for accused Bien and Jasiukowic_z by by CounseI·Braude;1or accused Urbanski and Mikhalowski Counsel lt(ikhalsky;, for accused Kobylanski and Czarnowski by Counsel Milovjdov; for accused Puzhak an<! ·x!!acinski by eounsel Kaznacheyev; for' accused Baginski and ¥ by Counsel M arkeviph; for accused "by ·Counsel Otsep; ~Mierzwa Zwierz~ski Elevako. • for accused Steritler-Dombski by".Couhsel Accused Okulicki, Jankowski, and Stypulkowski nave •:the desire ~xpressed to aonduct thejr,.own my duty accused that they d~fence. ~tis to_inform~he }(ave the right to put questions one another and to· the witnesses, and also ~o to· submit ·explanations on any point in the Court m~estigation. # of The composition the Court in this case is as follows: The President the - • of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court .. of the U.S.S:R., ~Pi:esident Colonel-General V. Ulrich of the Judicial Service; the members of the V.~ Coui:t members of the Military Collegium of the Shpreme Conrt of the Dmitriev U.S.S.R., Major-General L. D. of the Judicial··Service, Colonel I. V. ot Vetistov of the Judicial Service, and the reserve~member the Court Colonel V. V. Syuldin of the Judicial Service; the Secretaries of the Court Colonel f3atner ~ - Kudryavtsev .. A. A. of the Service and Colonel" L. N. of the Judi~ial . . Judicial Service. Are there. arly objections to the composition of tl1e Court?~ tq J'here are none. Has any requests make in regard to .summoning ~itheI_side additional witnesses? - - ' I may have requests in t:he course of the prpceedings. "Afanasyev~: ~uch Cqunsel for Defence·: The Defence has no request..s to make. ... -. Okulicki_: I request that the following be summoned cts Colonel ~witnesses: Filipkowski, alias '(Janka,'' the fonner Cornmandant .. -0£ the Obszar of Lvo~ AK; the Colonel Edward Tumidajski, the former Commandant of the .Lµbl~n ... IO • ... or area of the AK~ Colonell{ulczycki, alias ''Wilk," the forrr1er Com~andan.t the Vjlna area of the AK; Colonel of the General Staff Swita!ski, alias ''Dabrova," .·the former Commander of the 3rd.Infantry Division of the AK; Colonel Kotovicz, alias ''Twardy,'' the former Commal}der of ,.the 27th Infantry ·Division ·of the AK; Brigadier:General Bitfier, alias ''Galka,'' the forn;ier Commander of the 9th _Inf~ntry Division of the Af(. The President : What evidenc~ ca.Ii the people you mention submit ? ~ :Armia Krajowa in the . Okulicki : They can describe the activities of the . military ar• eas of P<;>land, and its clashes with the Rea. Army. • 1 The President·: Comrade Procurator, wh~t is your opinion" on this .ques- ! tion? .. be The Procurator : I t seems to Il}.e that 'tl. I1J].illg on this que5tion ~ should . passed at the end of the Court investigation. ~ the Court say, in the course·of The President: I would modify ..t hattaand Has _investigation. Have the accused any further requests? No r~quests? • - .. ? - the Defence no requests ' Brande: Na. ! The President : The Court has ruled that i t will reach "its pecisi.gn in regard Court inv.estigation. to the request of the accused Okulicki in the course of the ~ to Are there any other requests 011 either side ?~ No. We sll~llnow · proceed the reading of the Indictment. - . ~· (The Secretary of th~ Court, Colonel Batner of 4he JudiciaJ ~ervice, reads #the I ndictme'Jf t.) • I Jr lNDICTMENT - .. Charging: / l J " (1) ·Leopold Okulicki, (2} Jan Stanislaw Jankowski, (3) Adam Bien, 'and f - (4) Stanislaw asiukowicz~ and of .;Polish underground as follows: that they were the organizers .~eaders ~the in the rear of the Red A1·my on the territory of the Westem ..R egions o1 l;Byelo russia and of the Ukraine, in .L ithuania and Poland, and that, acting on the instructions of the so-called ~Polish -emigre ''gover1unent'' in London, they directed subversive activities against the ~ea Army and the Sovi~t Union, the Army, perpetra!ion of terroristic acts against oipcer? ~d men ~f the Red of underground ar1ned detachments, the organization of sabotage·~a.nd raids ;~of and and the carrying on ~l P.:!Opa9'anda hostile to tile Soviet Union to the Red Army; and that·the accftsoo Okulickfin addition airecte'd tbe'-carrying on of espionage work in the rear o1 the Red Army; and furlher1nore "' - • . 1 Char,ging: (5) Antoni Pa}dak, ...". 9- -~ ' ... - (6) Kazirtrierz Pu k, • Zwierzynski, (7) Aleksander • • I I • ...