Translation Solutions for Many Languages Bloomsbury Advances in Translation Series Series Editor: Jeremy Munday, Centre for Translation Studies, University of Leeds, UK Bloomsbury Advances in Translation Studies publishes cutting-edge research in the fields of translation studies. This field has grown in importance in the modern, globalized world, with international trans- lation between languages a daily occurrence. Research into the practices, processes and theory of translation is essential and this series aims to showcase the best in international academic and professional output. Other titles in the series: Corpus-Based Translation Studies Edited by Alet Kruger, Kim Wallmach and Jeremy Munday Community Translation Mustapha Taibi and Uldis Ozolins Global Trends in Translator and Interpreter Training Edited by Séverine Hubscher-Davidson and Michał Borodo Music, Text and Translation Edited by Helen Julia Minors Quality in Professional Translation Joanna Drugan Retranslation Sharon Deane-Cox The Pragmatic Translator Massimiliano Morini Translation, Adaptation and Transformation Edited by Laurence Raw Translation and Translation Studies in the Japanese Context Edited by Nana Sato-Rossberg and Judy Wakabayashi Translation as Cognitive Activity Fabio Alves and Amparo Hurtado Albir Translating For Singing Mark Herman and Ronnie Apter Translation, Humour and Literature Edited by Delia Chiaro Translation, Humour and the Media Edited by Delia Chiaro Translating the Poetry of the Holocaust Jean Boase-Beier Translation Solutions for Many Languages Histories of a Flawed Dream Anthony Pym Bloomsbury Advances in Translation Bloomsbury Academic An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc Bloomsbury Academic An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 50 Bedford Square 1385 Broadway London New York WC1B 3DP NY 10018 UK USA www.bloomsbury.com BLOOMSBURY and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published 2016 © Anthony Pym, 2016 Anthony Pym has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the Author of this work. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury or the author. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: HB: 978-1-4742-6110-4 ePDF: 978-1-4742-6113-5 ePub: 978-1-4742-6111-1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Pym, Anthony, 1956- author. Title: Translation Solutions for many languages : histories of a flawed dream / Anthony Pym. Description: London ; New York : Bloomsbury Academic, [2016] | Series: Bloomsbury Advances in Translation Identifiers: LCCN 2015040022| ISBN 9781474261104 (hardback) | ISBN 9781474261135 (epdf) | ISBN 9781474261111 (epub) Subjects: LCSH: Translating services. | Translating and interpreting--Study and teaching. | BISAC: LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / General. | LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Translating & Interpreting. Classification: LCC P306.94 .P96 2016 | DDC 418/.02--dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc. gov/2015040022 Series: Bloomsbury Advances in Translation Typeset by Fakenham Prepress Solutions, Fakenham, Norfolk NR21 8NN For my students. Contents List of Figures viii List of Tables ix Preface x Acknowledgements xvi Notes on Transcriptions, Back-Translation and Capitalization xviii 1 Charles Bally and the Missing Equivalents 1 2 Vinay and Darbelnet Hit the Road 15 3 A Tradition in Russian and Environs 37 4 A Loh Road to China 73 5 Spontaneous Combustion in Central Europe? 101 6 Cold War Dalliance with Transformational Grammar 121 7 Forays into Romance 137 8 Meanwhile Back in German 151 9 Disciplinary Corrections 163 10 Going Japanese 185 11 The Proof of the Pudding is in the Classroom 205 12 A Typology of Translation Solutions for Many Languages 219 Postscript: The Flaw in the Dream 243 Notes 247 References 263 Index 279 List of Figures 9.1. ‘Degrees of cultural transposition’ (from Hervey and Higgins 1992: 33) 168 9.2. Translation strategy flow chart for ‘culturally marked segments’ (realia), from Mayoral Asensio and Muñoz Martín (1997: 166; Muñoz Martín 1998) 181 12.1. Tentative positioning of main solution types in terms of accessible infor- mation on start culture (horizontal axis) and perceived location of item with respect to start culture (vertical axis) 235 List of Tables 2.1. Vinay and Darbelnet’s general table of translation solutions 24 3.1. Possible development of solution types in Russian translation theory 48 3.2. Torop’s model of translation solutions 69 4.1. Possible alignment of categories from Vinay and Darbelnet (1958) and Loh (1958) 83 4.2. Possible correlations between Russian typologies and Loh (1958) 83 8.1. Schreiber’s model of translation procedures 159 9.1. Translation solutions according to Newmark 165 9.2. Translation solution types in several French and Spanish translation manuals 171 12.1. A typology of translation solution types for many languages 220