TRANSLATION IN CONTEXT btl.39.vw.p65 1 26/09/00, 2:43 PM BENJAMINS TRANSLATION LIBRARY The Benjamins Translation Library aims to stimulate research and training in transla- tion and interpreting studies. The Library provides a forum for a variety of approaches (which may sometimes be conflicting) in a socio-cultural, historical, theoretical, applied and pedagogical context. The Library includes scholarly works, reference works, post-graduate text books and readers in the English language. GENERAL EDITOR Gideon Toury (Tel Aviv University) ADVISORY BOARD Marilyn Gaddis Rose (Binghamton University) Yves Gambier (Turku University) Daniel Gile (Université Lumière Lyon 2 and ISIT, Paris) Ulrich Heid (University of Stuttgart) Eva Hung (Chinese University of Hong Kong) W. John Hutchins (University of East Anglia) Zuzana Jettmarová (Charles University of Prague) Werner Koller (Bergen University) Alet Kruger (UNISA) José Lambert (Catholic University of Leuven) Franz Pöchhacker (University of Vienna) Rosa Rabadán (University of León) Roda Roberts (University of Ottawa) Juan C. Sager (UMIST, Manchester) Miriam Shlesinger (Bar-Ilan University, Israel) Mary Snell-Hornby (University of Vienna) Sonja Tirkkonen-Condit (University of Joensuu) Lawrence Venuti (Temple University) Wolfram Wilss (University of Saarbrücken) Judith Woodsworth (Mt. Saint Vincent University, Halifax) Sue Ellen Wright (Kent State University) Volume 39 Andrew Chesterman, Natividad Gallardo San Salvador and Yves Gambier (eds.) Translation in Context Selected contributions from the EST Congress, Granada 1998 btl.39.vw.p65 2 26/09/00, 2:43 PM TRANSLATION IN CONTEXT SELECTED CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE EST CONGRESS, GRANADA 1998 Edited by ANDREW CHESTERMAN University of Helsinki NATIVIDAD GALLARDO SAN SALVADOR University of Granada YVES GAMBIER University of Turku JOHN BENJAMINS PUBLISHING COMPANY AMSTERDAM/PHILADELPHIA btl.39.vw.p65 3 26/09/00, 2:43 PM TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of Ameri- 8 can National Standard for Information Sciences — Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data EST Congress (2nd : Granada, Spain : 1998). Translation in context : selected contribution from the EST Congress, Granada, 1998 / edited by Andrew Chesterman, Natividad Gallardo San Salvador, Yves Gambier. p. cm. -- (Benjamins translation library, ISSN 0929-7316 ; v. 39) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Translating and interpreting--Congress. I. Chesterman, Andrew. II. Gallardo San Salvador, Natividad. III. Gambier, Yves, 1949- IV. Title. V. Series. P306.2.E76 1998 418’.02--dc21 00-056477 ISBN 90 272 1644 4 (Eur.) / 1 55619 986 4 (US) (alk. paper) © 2000 - John Benjamins B.V. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publisher. John Benjamins Publishing Co. • P.O.Box 75577 • 1070 AN Amsterdam • The Netherlands John Benjamins North America • P.O.Box 27519 • Philadelphia PA 19118-0519 • USA btl.39.vw.p65 4 26/09/00, 2:43 PM Contents Introduction ix Part I: Conceptual analysis Sandra Halverson Prototype effects in the "translation" category 3 Cay Dollerup "Relay" and "support" translations 17 Lourdes Pérez González El concepto de numero difuso aplicado al perfil del traductor 27 Part II: Situational, sociological and political factors Brian Mossop The workplace procedures of professional translators 39 Hanna Risku & Roland Freihoff Kooperative Textgestaltung im translatorischen Handlungsrahmen 49 Nike Kocijancic Pokorn Translation into a non-mother tongue in translation theory 61 Anna Aguilar-Amat & Laura Santamaria Terminology policies, diversity, and minoritised languages 73 Part III: Psychological/cognitive aspects Candace Séguinot Knowledge, expertise, and theory in translation 87 Astrid Jensen & Arnt Lykke Jakobsen Translating under time pressure 105 Paul Kussmaul Types of creative translating 117 M T. Bajo, F. Padilla & P. Padilla Comprehension processes in simultaneous interpreting 127 Nedret Kuran-Burço lu At the crossroads of translation studies andimagology 143 Part IV: Translation effects Ritva Leppihalme Foreignizing strategies in drama translation 153 Alexandra Lianeri Translation and the shaping of modern democracy 163 Tiina Puurtinen Translating linguistic markers of ideology 177 Kristiina Taivalkoski Les simplifications narratives dans une traduction française de Joseph Andrews 187 Part V: Computer aids in the translation process Jeremy Munday Seeking translation equivalents: a corpus-based approach 201 Anja Schwärzt Machine translation for translators? 211 Martin Kaltenbacher Aspects of universal grammar in human versus machine translation 221 Part VI: Studies of a text type Eliana Franco Documentary film translation: a specific practice? 233 K. Malmkjær, J. Milton & V. Smith Translation and mass culture 243 Masa Nomura Text, image and translation 261 Christina Valdés Reception factors in translated advertisements 271 Susan Sar evi Creativity in legal translation: how much is too much? 281 Rainer Kohlmayer Frank Wedekind's sex tragedy Lulu in English and French versions 293 Part VII: Culture-bound concepts Leticia Herrero Sobre la traducibilidad de los marcadores culturales 307 Åse Johnsen El mundo de [la filo]sofïa 317 Anne Martin Institutional references from the English-speaking world in the Spanish press 327 Stefania Taviano British acculturation of Italian theatre 339 Part VIII: Translation history Paul Bandia Towards a history of translation in a (post)-colonial context: an African perspective 353 Emine Bogenç Demirel & Hülya Yilmaz La critique de la traduction littéraire en Turquie (1940-1992) 363 Outi Paloposki & Riitta Oittinen The domesticated foreign 373 Index 391 Introduction The Granada context There is currently a strong social demand for Translation Studies in Spain, largely due to Spain's integration into the European Union. As part of this growing interest, the University of Granada has become an important Spanish forum for research and training in translation and interpreting. In September 1998 it hosted the Second International Congress of the European Society for Translation Studies. This is a selection of the contributions which represent papers, interactive sessions and a plenary lecture (by C. Séguinot) of the EST Granada Congress. Over three hundred people took part, coming from more than twenty countries. Both the private and public sectors were well represented, including scholars, professional translators and interpreters, and postgraduate students. The Congress aimed at providing an international forum for scholars, teachers and practitioners involved in all aspects of Translation Studies. The Translation Studies context Translation Studies itself has been through many transformations since James Holmes first approached the issue of naming the discipline and drew up a map of Translation Studies which still seems surprisingly modern thirty years later. Over the past two decades, the context of Translation Studies has been shifting and expanding at an increasing rate. Texts are now more specialised than in the past and translation is inconceivable without documentation techniques, both factual and terminological. Translation practices have undergone a radical change with the incorporation of computer-based tools. Translation is no longer an isolated activity; it has come into contact with, and often overlaps, other activities such as documentation, publishing, technical and professional writing, and editing. Analysis of the translation process has integrated new psycholinguistic and cognitive aspects. Cultural, sociological, political, and situational factors have been introduced that place translation within a broad social context. Translator