Writing in plain English Traditional Medicine Traditional Medicine A global perspective Edited by Steven B Kayne BSc, PhD, MBA, LLM, MSc, DAgVetPharm, FRPharmS, FCPP, FIPharmM, FFHom, MPS(NZ), FNZCP Honorary Consultant Pharmacist, Glasgow Homeopathic Hospital; Honorary Lecturer, University of Strathclyde School of Pharmacy, Glasgow, UK London • Chicago Published by the Pharmaceutical Press An imprint of RPS Publishing 1 Lambeth High Street, London SE1 7JN, UK 100 South Atkinson Road, Suite 200, Grayslake, IL 60030–7820, USA © Pharmaceutical Press 2010 is a trade mark of RPS Publishing RPS Publishing is the publishing organisation of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain First published 2010 Typeset by New Leaf Design, Scarborough, North Yorkshire Printed in Great Britain by TJ International, Padstow, Cornwall ISBN 978 0 85369 833 3 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibilityor liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. The right of Steven B Kayne to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Contents Preface vii About the editor ix Contributors x 1 Introduction to traditional medicine 1 Steven Kayne 2 Traditional European folk medicine 25 Owen Davies 3 Aboriginal/traditional medicine in North America: a practical approach for practitioners 44 John K Crellin 4 Traditional medicine used by ethnic groups in the Colombian Amazon tropical forest, South America 65 Blanca Margarita Vargas de Corredor and Ann Mitchell (Simpson) 5 Traditional medical practice in Africa 82 Gillian Scott 6 Traditional Chinese medicine 119 Steven Kayne and Tony Booker 7 Indian ayurvedic medicine 195 Steven Kayne 8 Japanese kampo medicine 225 Haruki Yamada vi | Contents 9 Korean medicine 257 Seon Ho Kim, Bong-Hyun Kim and Il-Moo Chang 10 Traditional medicines in the Pacific 270 Rosemary Beresford 11 Traditional Jewish medicine 293 Kenneth Collins Index 317 Preface My good friend, Dr Gill Scott, and I were sitting in the gardens of the Mount Nelson Hotel (affectionately known as ‘The Nellie’) in Cape Town discussing Traditional African Medicine. We both thought that it would be good to bring descriptions of a representative number of traditional medical systems together in one text, aimed at academics, students and interested members of the public. I was delighted when Gill immediately agreed to contribute a chapter. Over one-third of the population in developing countries lack access to essential medicines. Countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America use tradi- tional medicine to help meet some of their primary health care needs. In Africa, up to 80% of the population uses traditional medicine for primary health care. The provision of safe and effective Traditional Medicine Therapies could become a critical tool to increase access to health care. Migration, both within countries and across continents, means that host communities, in particular health care providers working in multicultural environments, may well come into contact with unfamiliar practices. A compact yet wide ranging source of knowledge such as that provided in this book will help them understand the basics of medical systems that are being used by patients, often concurrently with western medicine. However, health care providers need more than just knowledge, for it is necessary to understand and effectively interact with people across cultures. In short, there is a need to develop cultural competence. With this in mind a method by which orthodox health care providers can approach patients using their traditional practices in a sympathetic manner is introduced in Chapter 3. Although it specifically refers to North American aboriginal medicine it can be adapted to other health care environments. This book covers medical systems practised on five continents, chosen to offer readers an awareness of different approaches to health care around the world. For example, Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurvedic medicine, two complete health systems that form the basis of almost all Asian medi- cine, are covered in detail, using material derived from both observation and published literature. Medicine from the Amazonian region of Colombia is presented through a series of fascinating interviews with local healers that viii | Preface emphasises the importance of ritualistic practice. In the African chapter the importance of using indigenous plants as remedies and the involvement of WHO are highlighted. Chapters on Japanese, Korean and Traditional Medicine in the Pacific provide an insight into the way other cultures have contributed to the development of their health care practices. Two chapters on folk medicine are also included: one covers the history and practice of secular and ecclesiastical practices with their origins across the continent of Europe, while the other seeks to demonstrate the wide ranging influence that a global religion can have on the health care of its believers. I am grateful to my colleagues around the world for their generous support. Steven Kayne Glasgow September 2009 [email protected] About the editor Steven Kayne practised as a Community Pharmacist in Glasgow for more than 30 years before retiring from active practice in 1999. He is currently Honorary Consultant Pharmacist at Glasgow Homeopathic Hospital and Honorary Lecturer in CAM at the University of Strathclyde School of Pharmacy. Dr Kayne was a member of the UK Advisory Board on the Registration of Homeopathic Products from its formation in 1994 until he retired in 2008, and currently serves on two other UK Government Expert Advisory Bodies: the Herbal Medicines Advisory Committee and the Veterinary Products Committee. He has also acted as an advisor to the WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine. As well as authoring, editing and contributing chapters to many books, Dr Kayne has written numerous papers and journal articles on a variety of topics associated with health care and has presented at conferences as an invited speaker on four continents. He is a member of the editorial advisory board of several journals, lectures to undergraduate and postgraduate students and acts as an Examiner, in the UK and overseas.