en ge i ae Pb files. have g y na settis m Tracking Toxic Substances at eor typerr al c Industrial Facilities nhi gip origra e o hp m te ty Engineering Mass Balance Versus Materials Accounting om not frd so k, an ood, be er ain apet al pbe r Committee to Evaluate Mass Balance Information for Facilities Handling Toxic Substances ginot Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology e oricann Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources m ther, v oe frw ed ho atg, en ML files crc formattiution. m Xpecifiattrib d frong-sn for mposepesettiversio s been recoand other tyauthoritative al work hang styles, on as the ginadicati orihebli ation of the ord breaks, on of this pu ntwsi presegths, nt ver reenpri new digital ginal; line lse use the F file: This e to the oriserted. Plea Dun About this Pbreaks are traccidentally i NATIWOaNsAhiLng AtoCnA, DD.ECM. 1Y9 9P0RESS en ge ii ae Pb files. have NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, ng ay whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the esettiors m Irnegstairtdu tfeo or fa Mpperdoipcriinaete. Tbhalea nmceem. bers of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with al typc err tee coTnhsiiss trienpgo ortf hmaes mbebeenrs r oevf itehwe eNda btiyo na agl rAoucpa doetmheyr othf aSnc tihene caeust,h tohres Nacactioorndainl gA tcoa dperomcye doufr Eesn gapinpereorvinedg ,b ayn da Rtheep Ionrstt Rituetvei eowf MCoedmicminite-. nhi The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scien- origigrap ttihfeic a aunthdo ernitgyi noef etrhien gc hreasrteearr cghra, ndteeddi ctoat eitd b tyo tthhee Cfuornthgerreasns cien o1f8 s6c3i,e nthcee Aancda dteecmhyn ohlaosg ay manadn dtoa tteh ethira tu sreeq fuoirr eths ei tg teon aedravli swee tlhfaer fee.d Uerpaoln e o hp government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Frank Press is president of the National Academy of Sciences. m te ty The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a om parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with not frd so tahlseo N saptoionnsoalr sA ecnagdienmeeyr ionfg S pcrioegnrcaems sth aei mreesdp oant smibeielittiyn gf onra atidovniasli nnge ethdes ,f eendceoraulr aggoevse rendmuceantti.o Tn haen dN aretisoenaarcl hA, caandde mreyco ogfn Eiznegsi ntheee rsiunpgerior k, an achievements of engineers. Dr. Robert M. White is president of the National Academy of Engineering. ood, The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent mem- be aper etain breesrpso onfs aibpiplirtoyp griiavteen p troo ftehses Nioantsi oinn atlh Ae ceaxdaemminya otifo Sn coife npcoelsic byy m itast tceorns gpreerstsaiionninagl cthoa trhtee rh teoa blteh aonf athdev ipsuebr ltioc .t hTeh efe Idnesrtaitlu gteo vaecrtns munednet ra nthde, al pbe r uMpeodni citisn eo.wn initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Samuel O. Thier is president of the Institute of ginot The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community orinn of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning e ca in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the m thver, Nthaet isocnieanl tAifcica daenmd ye nogfi nSeceierinncge sc oamndm thuen iNtieasti.o Tnhael ACcoaudnecmil yis o afd Emnigniinseteerreindg j oinin ptlryo vbiyd ibnogt hs eArvciacdeesm toie tsh aen gdo tvheer nInmsetintut,t eth oef p Mubeldicic, ianned. oe frw Dr. Frank Press and Dr. Robert M. White are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council. ed ho This study was supported by Contract No. 68-02-4292 between the National Academy of Sciences and the Environmental Pro- atg, tection Agency. en ML files crc formattiution. LIAni tbleirmranriaytte iodof nn Caulom Snbtgaernre dsoasf r Cdco aBptaoileooskg o NCf uathrmdisb Nreerop .0o 8-r39t 0-a69r2-e0 9a44v08a8i6la-b8le from the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, 2101 Constitution m Xpecifiattrib AFivrsetn Purei,n Ntin.Wg,. ,J uWlya s1h9i9n0gton, D.C. 20418 d frong-sn for Second Printing, May 1991 mposepesettiversio SP0ri1n1ted in the United States of America s been recoand other tyauthoritative al work hang styles, on as the ginadicati orihebli ation of the ord breaks, on of this pu ntwsi presegths, nt ver reenpri new digital ginal; line lse use the F file: This e to the oriserted. Plea Dun About this Pbreaks are traccidentally i en ge iii ae Pb files. have g y esettinors ma COMMITTFEAEC TIOL IETVIEASL HUAATNED LMIANSGS T BOAXLIACN SCUEB ISNTFAONRCMESATION FOR typerr nal hic Clayton F. Callis, Chairman, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.; and Chelan Associates, St. Louis, Missouri origigrap GMlaerninly Pna Cu.l sBorna, cVkiecne ,C Mhaeticrmalaf n&, IElldindoyi sC Ionmstpitauntiee so,f ITnecc.,h Wnoalkoegfyie, lCdh, iMcaagsosa, cIlhluinsoeitsts e o hp Thomas Burke, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland m te ty Richard A. Conway, Union Carbide Corp., South Charleston, West Virginia book, not froed, and som KRJDMaooeemnbnrnealeerlsed t tSD h H.W . L DaI.edr eKfromkiloso,e, e rfJEpfjr,ipn .aA,v, n RiVR,r uoSeStnn gtP ateCuturerobs a rUl UipCcn.na,oi i,vPuv eSnreriatrnsysnici tttEeyayt n,ooF vnPfei ,,irN soNNcenaeewmtwwa eYw JnMoeatarryeskl,x e ,HNi ycAeeolawblta hJne yDr,s eeNpyeawrtm Yeonrtk, Ventura, California er ain Cynthia Markert, Sparkletts Drinking Water Corp., Los Angeles, California apet Michael Overcash, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina al pbe r Philip A. Palmer, E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Newark, Delaware originnnot JKaamtye sW Wol.f P, Iantstetirtusoten f, oPra Rtteersseoanrc Shc ahnadfe Tr,e Icnhcn.i,c Calh Aicsasgiost,a Inllcien,o Lisos Angeles, California e ca m ther, Project Staff v oe ed frhow KRaayremno Lnd. H Au. lWebaasks,e Pl,r Porgorjaemct DDiirreeccttoorr eatng, Carolyn Fulco, Staff Associate ML files crc formattiution. LSRFheeuleetil thRlae E .yS P ..A CaB.u ruNloscsuoksrnngs,ere Eto,, vd SPeietr,no oCirjoeorcp tPy Sreoedjcietrcoetrt aSreycretary m Xpecifiattrib Warren R. Muir, Consultant d frong-sn for mposepesettiversio s been recoand other tyauthoritative al work hang styles, on as the ginadicati orihebli ation of the ord breaks, on of this pu ntwsi presegths, nt ver reenpri new digital ginal; line lse use the F file: This e to the oriserted. Plea Dun About this Pbreaks are traccidentally i en ge iv ae Pb files. have g y settins ma BOARD ON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND TOXICOLOGY eor typerr Gilbert S. Omenn, Chairman, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington al c Frederick R. Anderson, Washington College of Law, American University, Washington, D.C. ginphi John Bailar, McGill University School of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec origra Lawrence W. Barnthouse, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee e o David Bates, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia hp m te ty JYooarnanma CBouhrgener, ,U Rnuivtgeersrsit yU onfiv Cerasliitfyo,r nPiias,c Latoasw Aayn,g Neleews, JCearlsiefyornia om not frd so JRoohbne rLt .L E. mHmarenresossn, ,M Eolin Lsailnlyto & A Cgroic.,u Gltruereanl fCieol.d, ,S Itn. dLiaonuais, Missouri k, an Paul J. Lioy, UMDNJ—Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey ood, Jane Lubchenco, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon al paper bbe retaine DDWNaouitnnlhlaciaaladnmn i Me THl .aR. PtReraeiotsdtdoe,ng nHe,, r UoAsbn,r eiUi vzSneoorinvusaient rSyds ,tio atFyfte l Aoo Urfri kndWaiavnaessrahssii ntfygo,tr oT Mne,me Sdpeieca,at tlAl eSr,ic zWioennacsahesin, gLtiottnle Rock, Arkansas ginot F. Sherwood Rowland, University of California, Irvine, California orinn Liane B. Russell, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee e ca Milton Russell, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, and University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee m ther, I. Glenn Sipes, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona v oe frw ed ho Staff atg, ML files crec formattinution. JRDRaaoimcvbhieedarsr tJJd B.. DPR. oS.e lmTiischayao,tn hmDsekia,r yseP,,c rPPtoorrgroorggamrraa mmD iDDreiicrreetoccrttoo frro ffroo Err xHNpuaotmsuuraranel TRAoesxssoeicsuosrmlcoeegsny at anandnd dA RRpipisslkkie ARd seEsdecusocslmtoiogenynt m Xpecifiattrib Lee R. Paulson, Manager, Toxicology Information Center d frong-sn for mposepesettiversio s been recoand other tyauthoritative al work hang styles, on as the ginadicati orihebli ation of the ord breaks, on of this pu ntwsi presegths, nt ver reenpri new digital ginal; line lse use the F file: This e to the oriserted. Plea Dun About this Pbreaks are traccidentally i en ge v ae Pb files. have g y settins ma COMMISSION ON GEOSCIENCES, ENVIRONMENT, AND RESOURCES* eor typerr M. Gordon Wolman, Chairman, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland al c Robert C. Beardsley, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts ginphi B. Clark Burchfiel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts origra Ralph J. Cicerone, University of California, Irvine, California e o Peter S. Eagleson, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts hp m te ty LGaewner eEn.c Le iWke.n Fs,u Nnkewho Yusoerrk, BCohteavnriocanl CGoarrpd.e (nres,t iMredil)l,b Mrooenkl, oN Peawrk Y, Coraklifornia om not frd so SJacocktt EM. .O Mlivaethr,e sCoonr,n Pelalr Usonnisv,e Brseihtyle, I&th aLcaat,i mNeerw, SYaoltr kLake City, Utah k, an Philip A. Palmer, E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Newark, Delaware ood, Frank L. Parker, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee al paper bbe retaine DLSDiaeurnr nCricsyra JinLs. p .TP iSnr. maP Tgaaietrcrtrke,, en MUl,l ,anA cUirvAinezrirottshenidutay r K S oFtifoan tIugelndl iUdonamnotiii vsoM enar,its s CUistiyhrob,in caT antegoamo -tC,hp Ieehl ,laU imAnnorpiiitazseiodgn nNa, aCtihoanms,p Naiegwn, YIlolirnko, iNsew York ginot Karl K. Turekian, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut orinn Irvin L. White, New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, Albany, New York e ca James H. Zumberge, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California m ther, v oe frw Staff ed ho atg, Stephen Rattien, Executive Director en ML files crc formattiution. m Xpecifiattrib d frong-sn for mposepesettiversio s been recoand other tyauthoritative al work hang styles, on as the ginadicati orihebli ation of the ord breaks, on of this pu ntwsi presegths, nt ver reenpri new digital ginal; line lse use the F file: This e to the oriserted. Plea Dun About this Pbreaks are traccidentally i Ap*p eTnhdisix s Ktu;d ayn wd acso mbepgleutne du nudnedre rt hthe eC soumccmesissosiro Cn oomn mPihsysisoicna ol nS cGieenocsceise, nMceast,h Eemnvaitriocns,m aenndt , Ranesdo Rurecseosu, rwcehso.se members are listed in en ge vi ae Pb files. have g y na settis m eor typerr al c nhi gip origra e o hp m te ty om not frd so k, an ood, be er ain apet al pbe r ginot orinn e ca m ther, v oe frw ed ho atg, en ML files crc formattiution. m Xpecifiattrib d frong-sn for mposepesettiversio s been recoand other tyauthoritative al work hang styles, on as the ginadicati orihebli ation of the ord breaks, on of this pu ntwsi presegths, nt ver reenpri new digital ginal; line lse use the F file: This e to the oriserted. Plea Dun About this Pbreaks are traccidentally i en ge PREFACE vii ae Pb files. have g y na settis m Preface eor typerr al c nhi gip origra e o hp m te ty om The toxics right-to-know movement in the United States stems from increased demands by broad segments of the public not frd so froelre ainsfeosr mfroatmio nin adbuosturti atlh efa pcioltietinetsi.a lC fiotirz ernosu thinaev ea nodr gaacnciizdeedn taadl vroecleaacsye sg roofu ptosx, ibc escuobmstea necdeusc aintetod tahbeo uetn veinrvoinrmonemnte, netaspl ehceiaalltlhy k, an and contamination, and begun to participate more actively in environmental decision making. Mass balance information has ood, been thought by some to be a means of understanding and accounting for actual and potential releases of chemicals from be er ain industrial facilities. Others doubt that collection of mass balance information could provide data of sufficient certainty and apet value to justify its cost. ginal pot be r Cthoem SpTurpheeehr efpnuosntidev neAt iEmanle vnuidrsomenfeumnlnetsen staasn l doR fRe sempaoausnthss oeb,r iaCzlaaotnmicopen e Ainnscfatot ri(omSnAa, tRaionAnd) Lsouifar 1fba9icl8iet6yd, Aianscc tl au(ndC eEissR saCu feLr eAdeu-)s rotianfn g1d 9itn8hg0e . s T1e9cht8ei6o r ner—aeuaTtuhitothlreoi zrIieIzdIa— tlieokgnni solowaft niot hanes, m the orier, cann tfRhoeerl eEraemspeoe rrIgtnienvngecn yato nPrdyl a e(nmTnRienrIgg), e awnnchdyi cCphol amwnamnsiu ndngei tvwyis iRethdi g rthoetg -htaoer-ldpK tngooo wvhea rzLnaamrwdeo.n uTtssh ioasnr ldat owcxo iemcs mtsaubublnisistthaienesdc e ossne. v tOehrnea ell ofocefad let,hr raoels,ge is otpanrtaoel,g, raaannmdd s ln oiacsta itolh npear olT gloerxavmieclsss v oe obtain knowledge about releases of toxic substances. Title III requires manufacturing facilities that handle more than frw ed ho specified amounts of any of more than 300 specified chemicals or 20 chemical categories to submit information on atg, environmental releases to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ML files crec formattinution. bSinaedlnaeanptTceeehn C edi noecnfnootfn reamgrderaevntsicicsoeien o t.nhf rAaaoltsm ln ea edt ghr eoteost iu NaSlttaAi otoiRnof sAnc aot heln laAfitlm iclceaitnddina ettgmoe d vyS i aAeo wSfR seSA noc aniatel enst hocree ed qsue usamiebrfeooumnulsntet enrtashts tete oo pi fnro enttepearnoteitrositat n mlia nulal ssyoes t fchbuoeallrnll aeekncsinctsi edno sgdf oammtfa aai nsasssnf o dbbr amadlliaaarnnteicccoetene d,di nai nEftaocP,rl Aumthd aetiton iH goon obm utaaasneisnds- m Xpecifiattrib tEhnev ifreoansmibeilnittayl oSft uidtsi esc oallnedc tiTono.x iIcno loregsyp ocnosnev eton eda rtehqeu eCsot mfrmoimtt eeE PtAo , Etvhael uNataet ioMnaals sR Besaelaarncche CInofuonrcmila t(ioNnR Cfo)r BFoaacridli tioens d frong-sn for HThaen dNliRnCg Tsuogxgice sSteudb stwtaon cpehsa asnesd ocfh satrugdeyd: itth eto f iervsta lpuhaatsee i swsause sto r eulseev caunrt rteon ttlhye acvoalilleacbtlieo nd aatna dt ouse of mass balance information. mposepesettiversio s been recoand other tyauthoritative al work hang styles, on as the ginadicati orihebli ation of the ord breaks, on of this pu ntwsi presegths, nt ver reenpri new digital ginal; line lse use the F file: This e to the oriserted. Plea Dun About this Pbreaks are traccidentally i en ge PREFACE viii ae Pb files. have address the utility of mass balance information for the following information needs: ng ay (cid:127) Judging the accuracy of information on toxic chemical releases. esettiors m (cid:127)(cid:127) DEveatelurmatiinnign gto txhiec wchaesmtei-craeld umcatinoang eemffiecnite npcrayc otifc feasc ailti tfiaecsi.lities that report to the TRI. typerr In addition, the committee was to determine the implications of collecting mass balance information on a national scale al c and using the information in connection with the TRI. The second phase would be carried out if additional data and analyses ginphi were needed to address adequately the questions remaining from the first phase of the study. This report presents the results origra of the first phase. e o In producing this report, the committee tackled an ambitious charge, encompassing small and large manufacturing hp m te ty cfaocmilmitiietste oe f rae cdoigvnerizseed n athtuer ec othnacte prnro voifd eso icnifeotyrm faotrio pnr otote tchtein Tg RhIu omna an chheeamltihc aaln-sdp etchief ice nbvaisriosn. mIne ncta,r rwyihnigc ho uint thtuisr ns tluedayd,s thtoe om not frd so qcounescteinotnrsa taiobnosu ti nh uemnvainro nexmpeonstuarle m, hedeaialt ha reri smkso,r ea nudse efunlv iarnodn macecnutaral tee ftfheacnts .a rTeo d aatdad irne stsh es ufcohrm q uoefs tmioansss,. Tdahtear eifno rteh,e cfoonrcme rnosf k, an regarding actual exposures of people living or working in the vicinity of facilities handling toxic substances could not be ood, addressed in this report. Also, the committee did not include considerations of fate and environmental effects of the chemicals al paper bbe retaine itrnoetwleeraaersTsdeht d ae i b nm1y u9 aml 8tu7aimnn iNueffidReaidcaCt ua aprrpiepnpprgrooo rafatac,c chhiM laitntuoidle t spicm oionlenl duistiitsadi o eanArne apdclpoy trnshoetears o ccalha npeidssa beetivomlai tleiPueroagstl iialnoungntdi.s o .lTnim hCeit oapntriteorsnoesln: o t Afc m oSmaysmms pibtoateslaeiun mrcee c Pdoagrtonaci zeinee ddt hintihsg aslti, gtnhhote.t eTdR tIh aist pa usbtleipc ginot The committee evaluated the potential benefits of mass balance reporting against the cost of collection, burdens on orinn reporting facilities, and how the data could provide society with a greater understanding of relationships between industrial e ca facilities and the release of chemicals into the environment. It compared the usefulness of mass balance data for various m ther, applications with the magnitude of data uncertainties, using what can be considered rudimentary error analyses—deemed oev necessary and sufficient for these comparisons. More rigorous quantitative methods (e.g., probability density functions) were frw not considered necessary. The committee's analysis focused on engineering and technical issues; a detailed economic analysis ed ho of costs and benefits was not within its purview. eatng, The committee's efforts were greatly facilitated by the many individuals who submitted information and participated in ML files crc formattiution. taAhnpe p isnetTnfaohdfrfiim,sx praEeat iprootoifncr -ttuhg lwiaastro hlruyeel rpdRion arngtyo. mtw hooanrvkdes h Abo.ep eW nh aepslosdes sli,in bK lWea rwaesniht hiLno.gu Htto tunhl,ee bDdai.klCi,g .,ae nnindc e JM aomfa rtechshe Jc1. o9Rm8e8mi.s aiAt.t e Telhi smet eroemfp botehrrte s a palsnaord t ihtchaipde a dtnhetesd igcisra etepadtr e beseefnfnoetreftidst ooinff d from Xng-specifin for attrib etchdoaintnsokurelitadal n frote rvt ohis eitroh ned ecadonimdca mrteeidvtti eeaewn d d buayrb ilnLeg ea eid tmsR .id nePilsaitburealsrtoiavntie o aannnsd.d Tlraehypeoo uNrtt -apatinroodnd auplrc otGiooofnrve esarkdniilonlrsgs. ' WbAyas rsRroeucntih aR tEi.o .nM C, urtihores sp gNroreovwvide e.J deFr esvelaiyltua DaSbe.l peBa iruntcmpkuehtn eatr s o iasf mposepesettiversio Ethnev uirsoen omf emnatasls Pbraoltaenccteio inn,f oarnmd atthieo nM.aryland Department of Environment all provided useful information on experiences with s been recoand other tyauthoritative CCHLAAYIRTMOANN F. CALLIS al work hang styles, on as the ginadicati orihebli ation of the ord breaks, on of this pu ntwsi presegths, nt ver reenpri new digital ginal; line lse use the F file: This e to the oriserted. Plea Dun About this Pbreaks are traccidentally i en ge CONTENTS ix ae Pb files. have g y na settis m Contents eor typerr al c nhi gip origra e o hp m te ty om not frd so Executive Summary 1 k, an General Conclusions 3 ood, Assessing The Accuracy Of Chemical Release Estimates 3 be er ain Evaluating Waste-Reduction Efficiency 4 apet Evaluating Chemical Management Practices 5 al pbe r Collecting Mass Balance Information On A National Scale 6 ginot Pilot Study Recommendation 7 orinn m the er, ca 1 IntrSoAduRcAtio Snection 313 99 v oe frw Purpose Of This Study 11 ed ho Organization Of This Report 13 atg, en ML files crc formattiution. 2 AppIEnrnotrgaoicndheueecsrt iiTnoogn OMbatsasi nBinagla Mncaess Balance Information 111555 d from Xng-specifin for attrib MSuamtemriaarlsy Accounting Practices Of Potential Utility 1189 mposepesettiversio 3 UseNs aOtifo Mnaal tGeroiavlesr nAocrcso' uAnstsioncgi aDtiaotan Mass Balance Survey 2233 s been recoand other tyauthoritative 4 AccUSuusrmeascm yO aOfr yfM Taotexriica lCs hAemcciocuanl tRinegle Ians eN Eeswti mJearsteesy And Maryland 223691 al work hang styles, on as the EMCnoagnteicnrliueaeslirsoi nAngsc Mcoausnst iBnaglance 333147 ginadicati orihebli 5 Assessing Waste-Reduction Efficiency 39 ation of the ord breaks, on of this pu IDRNneoatrptroamo drFautoilcnirztg iaAo tRnisoseneqs uOsiirfne gWm Weansattesst-eR-eRleadteudc tDioanta Efficiency 34449012 presentgths, wnt versi ACogngcrelugsaitoionns Of Waste-Reduction-Efficiency Data 4585 reenpri new digital ginal; line lse use the 6 EvaIlnutarotidnugc Ttiooxnic Chemical Management Practices 5577 F file: This e to the oriserted. Plea Dun About this Pbreaks are traccidentally i