Global Re-Visions edited by Shampa Biswas, Bruce Magnusson, and Zahi Zalloua University of Washington Press Seattle and London in association with Whitman College Walla Walla, Washington This series aims to pursue the challenges that globalization poses, and the possibilities that it offers, in an interdisciplinary setting. Each vol- ume seeks to promote a more nuanced understanding of timely issues while providing critical dialogue with prior scholarship and new ways of shaping how these issues are envisioned and framed. The series probes to what extent our vision of globalization both alters and is altered by the singularity and complexity of the topic at hand, compelling, in turn, perpetual re-visions. Torture: Power, Democracy, and the Human Body edited by Shampa Biswas and Zahi Zalloua Contagion: Health, Fear, Sovereignty edited by Bruce Magnusson and Zahi Zalloua Y E R , A C , W R T P O O C D Y M O E B O D D T H E A N N M A U H A S R W T E DISTHE DA BMHIY P ZA A BLILSO U A A Z U R E © 2011 by whitman college Printed and bound in the United States of America Designed by Ashley Saleeba Composed in New Baskerville and Franklin Gothic 16 15 14 13 12 11 5 4 3 2 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. university of washington press po box 50096, seattle, wa 98145, usa www.washington.edu/uwpress whitman college 345 boyer ave. walla walla, wa 99362 www.whitman.edu library of congress cataloging-in-publication data Torture : power, democracy, and the human body / edited by Shampa Biswas and Zahi Zalloua. p. cm. — (Global re-visions) Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-295-99122-1 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Torture—Moral and ethical aspects—Congresses. 2. Human body— Moral and ethical aspects—Congresses. 3. Psychiatric ethics—Congresses. 4. Mind and body—Congresses. I. Biswas, Shampa. II. Zalloua, Zahi Anbra, 1971– III. Title: Power, democracy, and the human body. hv8593.t6627 2011 364.6'7—dc23 2011029716 The paper used in this publication is acid-free and meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences — Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48.1984. Cont ent s ACknoWledGments vii IntRodUCtIon Torture, Democracy, and the Human Body Shampa Biswas and Zahi Zalloua 3 1 toRtURe And demoCRACy What Now? Darius Rejali 25 2 noW thAt We’Ve toRtURed Image, Guilt, Consequence Mark Danner 46 3 “We ARe All toRtUReRs noW” Accountability after Abu Ghraib Timothy V. Kaufman-Osborn 67 4 dyInG Is not PeRmItted Sovereignty, Biopower, and Force-Feeding at Guantánamo Bay Lauren Wilcox 101 5 the toRtURe deVICe Debate and Archetype Stephanie Athey 129 6 sPeCteRs of the MuselMann Guantánamo Bay Penalogial Theme Park and the Torture of Omar Khadr Joseph Pugliese 158 7 thIs fRAGIle Body Susan Crile’s Abu Ghraib: Abuse of Power Julia A. Ireland 188 8 sRI lAnkA Landscapes of Massacre Suvendrini Perera 215 BIBlIoGRAPhy 245 notes on ContRIBUtoRs 265 Index 269 ACknoWl edGment s T his volume emerged out of the symposium “Torture and the Human Body” held at Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washing- ton, on February 27, 2009. Organized by the Global Studies Ini- tiative, the symposium was developed to stimulate an interdisciplinary conversation on a topic of contemporary relevance. It appears to us that too many of our most important conversations happen within the rela- tively narrow confines of academic disciplines or specialist communities. Inspired by the liberal arts model of colleges like Whitman, we believe that it is both possible and valuable to generate discussions across dif- ferent kinds of epistemic communities without sacrificing intellectual rigor. Our hope is that this volume, much like the symposium, will con- tinue what we consider to be an absolutely necessary public debate on the question of torture and will do so in a way that is both sophisticated and accessible to various reading publics. Stephanie Athey, Mark Danner, Julia Ireland, Timothy V. Kaufman-Osborn, and Darius Rejali participated in the symposium and contributed revised versions of their presentations to this volume. vii Our foremost gratitude goes to the many faculty, administrators, stu- dents, and staff who have helped make Whitman College the vibrant intellectual community that makes possible projects such as these. We would like to thank President George Bridges, former provost and dean of faculty Lori Bettison-Varga, and current provost and dean of faculty Timothy V. Kaufman-Osborn for all their encouragement and support. The Global Studies steering committee, composed of Gaurav Majumdar viii (English), Bruce Magnusson (Politics), Jim Russo (Chemistry), and Elyse Semerdjian (History), was the intellectual force that helped conceptual- ize and implement this project. Susan Bennett, administrative assistant to the provost and dean of faculty, provided crucial logistical support all along the way. And most important, none of this would have been possible without the enthusiasm and interest of the smart and dedicated students of Whitman College. Among these, we owe particular thanks to several individual students whose contributions are reflected in many ways in this volume. Philosophy major Adam Chapman (2009), Politics major Nadim Damluji (2010), and English major Valerie Lopez (2009) were all partici- pants in the symposium, and many of the chapters in this volume were enriched by their sharp commentary. Politics majors Ali Edwards (2010) and Tristan Grau (2011) provided invaluable research and editing sup- port. We cannot emphasize enough how instrumental these and other students were in posing probing questions, challenging the contributors to sharpen their analyses, and in general elevating the quality of the sym- posium and the resulting volume through their active engagement. As teachers at Whitman College, we consider ourselves fortunate to be in the midst of such thoughtful and supportive colleagues and students. Finally, we would like to thank Pat Soden, Marilyn Trueblood, and Jacqueline Ettinger for all their encouragement and help with this volume and Laura Iwasaki for her superb copyediting of the manuscript. We would like to express our gratitude for permission to reprint Timothy V. Kaufman-Osborn’s “‘We are all torturers now’: Accountability After Abu Ghraib,” Theory & Event 11, no. 2 (2008), and Joseph Pugliese’s “Apostrophe of Empire: Guantánamo Bay, Disneyland,” borderlands 8, no. 3 (2009): 1 – 26, which appears here in slightly modified form. ACknoWledGments t oRt URe