NORSK POLARINSTITUTT S KRI FT ER N R. 1 23 DEN NORSKE ANTARKTISEKSPEDISJONEN, 1956-60 SCIETNIFICR ESUTLSN O. 1 TORBJØRLNU N DE ON THE SNOW ACCUMULATION IN DRONNING MAUD LAND NORSKP OLARINTSIUTTT OSLO 1961 NorsPko larinsBtiibtluitottse k DETK ONGELIDGEEP ARTEMFEONRTI NDUSTORGIH ÅNDVERK NO RSK POLARINSTITUTT Observator1i,eO gstl.oN ,o rway Shoratc counotft hep ublicatioofNn osr skP olarinstitutt. The twos erieNso,r skP olarinst-iStKuRtItF TERa ndN orskP olarinstitutt­ MEDDELELSER,w eret akeonv erf romt hei nstituNtoirogne Ssv albarodgI- shavs­ undersøkel(sNSeIrU )w,h ichw asi ncorporiantN eodr skP olarinstttwihteunt hiswas foundeidn1 948A. t hirsde rieNso,r skP olarinst-itÅRuBtOtK , wilble p ublished witho nev oulrn e pery eara,n dt hefi rsvto lurneÅ,R BOK 1960w,i lslo ona ppear. SKRIFTERi ncludsecsi entpiafip ce rsp,u blishienEd n glisFhr,e ncohr G erman. MEDDELELSER comprissehso rtpearp erosf,t ebne inrge prinftrso mo thepru bli­ cationTsh.e yg eneralhlayv ea morep opulafro rma nda rem ostlpyu blishiend Norwegian. SKRIFTERh asp revioubseleyn p ublishuendd evra riotuist les: N os. I-Il.Re sultaatveD re norskset atsunderstSøptittesdbee rgen-ekspe­ ditioner. No. 12. Skriftoemr S valbaorgdN ordishavet. Nos.1 3-81.S kriftoemr S valbaorgdI shavet. 82-89.N orgeSsv albarodgI- shavs-undersøSkkerlisfetre.r . 90- .N orsk PolarinSsktriitfuttetr . Ina dditiao snp ecisaelr ieissp ublishNeOdR:W EGIAN-BRITISH-SWEDISH ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION, 1949-52. SCIERNETSIUFLITCS .T hiss eries will comp ris6e volumesH.i ther2t0op aperhsa veb eenp ublishaendd,t hes eries will probabbleyc ompletiend1 963. Topograpahnidch ydrograpshuircv eymsa kea ni mportapnatr otf t hew orkd one byN orskP olarinstAi ltiustottft . h ep ublisbmeadp sa nd chartissf ounodn t heb ack ofS KRIFTER. SKRIFTER Skrifter1 -89,s een umberso fS kriftperre viotuosN r.1 00. nr. Nr. 90.H ENIE,H ANS:A stronomiOcbasle rvatioonn Hso pen.1 948. Kr.3 ,00. 91.R ODAHL,K ÅRE:V itamiSno urceisn A rctiRce gion1s.94 9.K r.6 ,00. 92.R ODAHL,K ÅRE:T heT oxic EffoefcP to laBre arL iver1.94 9.K r.1 2,50. 93.H AGEN,A SBJØRN:N oteosn A rctfiucngil..F ungfiromjaMna yen.I lF.u ngcio llected by Dr.P .F .S cholandoenr t heS wedish-NorweAgricatniE cx pediti1o9n3 11.95 0. Kr.2 ,00. 94.F EYLNIG-HANSSENR,O LFW .a ndF INAN. JØRSTDA:Q uaternary Fo1s95s0i.Kl rs.8., 2 5. 95.R ODAHL,K ÅRE:H ypervitaminAo.s 1i95s0 .K r.2 2,50. 96.B UTLER,j .R .:G eochemiAcffianli tieosfs omeC oalsf romS valbar1d9.5 3K.r .3 ,00. NO RSK POLARI NSTI TU TT S KRI FT ER NR. 123 DEN NORSKE ANTARKTISEKSPEDISJONEN ,1 956-60 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS NO. 1 ToR BJØ R LU N ND E ON THE SNOW ACCUMULATION IN DRONNING MAUD LAND " . >,' ' •• .1,'.1" NORSK POLARINSTITUTT OSLO 1961 Receifvoeprdu blicAaptriio1ln9 61 PUBLISHED BY NORS K POLAR INSTITUTT DISTRIBUTED BY OSLO UN IVERSITY PRESS OSLO 1961 GI",)".! .'. CONTENTS pgae Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Earwloirekrs 2 ..................•..•.......•.•....•.•.•.............•...••. . Morphology 3 .............•..............•.......•....•..................•. Accumsutluiaadn1t i m6ied osepn ei pt 9 .......••.....••.......... . . . . . .,... Genreermaalr ks 9 ...................•.............................. Measuorsfep meweceniitfigsch t 10 .......•.......•............... . . . . . Accumiunlp raetit1ho4ie9d0o 9 -n51 9 11 ..••..........••.•..•.•....... Variisnaep tcwiieofiinc.g h..t... ..........................1..4. .... . Settling 17 ......•............•...................................... AccumaNutol raSwttaiadyotu nirt oihynnee 1g a59 r71s5,9a 8 n 15d9 9. ........1.9 . . Morpohtfoh leo grye gion 19 . ......................•........ . . . . ..... . Stmaekaes u.r..e..m.e.n..t..s... ........................1...9.. .. .. . Posesrir.bol.r.e.s .. .......................................2..2... . . Lovcaarlii tnah tei oanc cumulation 22 ....... . . . .•...................... SepcWiefiic.g .h.t ..............................2. .3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Calcoutflhw aeate tiqeourni valent 24 Accumadutil ffameteriteoennoct ro onldoigtiicoanls 29 Precipitation 29 ...................•....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Win.d.. ................................3.1.. .. ................... . Sublimation 34 Corrbeeltmaweteaiepsonrun er ceaidnpa dic tcautm.iu.ol..na. t3i.6o. n. . . AccumauwflarayNot omir Sowtnaa .yt .i..o..n ...................3.8.. . . . . . . . . , . AccumbueltNawoterieSwontan aay tnt idhSo een c oSntda.at.riy.o3 n.8 . . . . AccumBullåast.ki.io..mn..e n.a.. t... ......... . .3.8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AccumbueltawteieSontn aa NtnRoidiro swnea mye det 40 Accumoutnlh naeot rsitiohodnFefei m m bulheimen4 4 Accurouliaant ro id oepinet ps tudies 44 5 Accumoutnlh iarscteteier o e.na .m.s. ...........4..6. .............. . . Conc.l..u.s..i....o...n... ..........................4.7.. . ................. Acknowl..e.d.g.e.m..e..n.t..s. ...................... 4..7.. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Referenees 48 .....•............................... .... . . . . ............... . . . . Abstract. A bdreisecifrgs ii opvtftehm ineoo rnp ohtfoh ileco egF yis mhbeaulnlfdi, s oefn , thien liacned. Thaen naucaclu miduseel rtamtfiiotnorhpen eed r 14i90o1 d59t; 9to hm eei asn 49m5m,o w2fa rtT.eh aec cumfuotlrhya ee1t a49irt0os1o 5n 9 w6 a fso undt hset udying firlna iyane1 mr6d s e peipt .15 9t7F1o 5r9 t9oham ec cuwmaumsle aatdseiiucorrtnel dy astt aiaknne soa,3frk 7 em a" . Theiarss e e avsaorniiatnalh rt eaio taofecn c umwuialtm ahat rmikioenndi, m um iNno vembearn-amdD a exciiemMnmua bJmyen u-reT .ha ec cumidusul aeal,t­ ion moesntt tiporer ecalitypoi,icfo tyo ncn olircit ghiiesnrg ;ean o ilorno b syds rs infotw , and theo arab clcbasyut umibuollniian smte aigto.lTin ihfo geoni au bcnlcdeu mulation thguisavg eomsoe da ostfuhp rere e c.iT phpiert eactgiiapoiuinusgts eaeu tlniedosensr thmee teocroonldoigtiiacoNtano lsrS wtpanary.te ivoailing Ont hien liacnead c tchuemf uodlueantcdwi rioeitnanh sc erasel atasinitdnu gd e, wiitnhc reafsritonhmges hdiIeiactlsle dfts e.aoc n ercaeesa tsbweooasttnr hh id ecs e, shaenoldtnf h ien li.ac ned Introduetion. On t1ht0eho fN ovmebe1r9 5tw6No o rwesgeiaalvni ensgs" ePlosl,a r­ sirkaenl"d"P oljraø"nrl beOfst.l O onb oawredr teh feuo rtemeenm bers oft he tweirnpianrgt oifDe esnN orsAknet airsketkjsnpoeend1,5i9 -s660, undtehre liera gdeeord eSsiigsuHtre dlw liet,ah lt lh eeiqrum iepn.t Thee xepditsieton nNb,oy r Psokrl iantsu,ttp iatlnnteosd t iaynD ron­ ninMga duL an(diF g1.)a s n eatrhG er eehnm weircidaispa ons sainbdl e abo5u0tk mi nladnudr,it nhIgetn ernalGt eioopnhayYseia1cr9a -l558 7. Lat,te hreepx etdii'ossnt aiynA ntarwcatpsior clao nbgyeo dny ee aarn,d three twuarmsna dienF ebarru1y69 0D.u irntgh lea ysetat rh ewreero en ly ninwei ntemreimbneg.r s Thep orgramimnec lmuedtoeredog liocmaalg,n eatnigdcl aalcg iioclaol wormke,a esmunertosf o zoannepd hotogroafpa huyr oaruasl t.irT sahe mountraainng e 2f°4r 0Eo',me astwtaoar s dmsa ilslo lnautanetda k at 3°03 0E'w amsa ppaendgd,e oilcoaagnld o lboilgm iactaericaoll ldwe.ac st e Theg laciowloorcgkoi incssatloe fmd e asurtesom fse nnoawc culmau­ tioonfi, cfl eo w, oafin ctdee mapteurornte h iec seh eelsfcp,ie yai lntl he neighhbooooudfrN orwSatya .tD iuornintghs eu mmeorf1s 9 -5587a nd -2- ;--:: ,��";c\< - \ .... ..� . 195.9-i ,- -- I ; RoBia udouin /$57- \ 1D.r onning tMhfiaevwu eid n stLteaarantintdindh pog rewen i idsotu dhrws ih nigc h Fig. thheabyve eue snMe odu.na trsaehi obnhywsa n t Icnhtsihenetgc ,.oa vbretyerhm aeea d p onF ig. 19. 19-5598t haec cumuolnat thiieno lnia cnweda osb searsvf eaardsp osbslie, antdh e oflfto hwr ieceser t eamwsa1ms)e asdu.r e Whiwloer kiintn hgfie e ltdhg,el aciaollhsoaogtd ioc s otl gleeoocglti cal anbdi loogmiactraeil.Ha elh atdh ceh anocfae na ssainostlnt yw hent he in fielrda,r aettl hyse tt aioTnh.ee rfroet hgelc ailoogwiocrawkla rsa tmhoerre restrtihcawtnae sdd e sbilree.a Earliweorr ks. Ther eognio fD ronninMga udL anidn veastdte biygD enN orske Antasrekktsijpnoeedn1i,s9 -5660( iFg1.) w,a esa rlai reart huenkrn own counNtora yn.he a edv esref to ootnt hger ouenxdc iepnat nb eya i nt he icseh eFlifm,lb iusaettn h,Ge r eenmweircihd Tihiawsna .vs i sibtyte hde Ameriiccaenb r"eAtakkaie"nFr e bru1a9r5y5 . Thec oahsatbd e epnra tolbys erfvreovdme s,sa enlpdsh otaopghred frotmh aei bry t hNeo wreg-iBarnitishA-nStwaerdEcixptseiihdcot ni, 14992-5.T hem ountraeigniw oansp hotografprhotemhd ae i bry t he GermAann tarEcxtepidci t1i9o-3n38,9 a,n da mapa tt he socfa le 1 1:5, 000,0w0a sp ubliTshhiesd .h oweervi,sq uiutnefif to urs e. mapi TheG ermaanlsps uob limsahpoesfdt heea sterpnamrootfts htpe h oto­ graphedt olr aergsgiaceolrn(e Wso hlttmhaiasvseatn)td,h esef owuenrde SwithiTnebramnikn1 o0l.o gy l 1957. p. Thdiess iigasnlu asswto hie teodhgnn el ailesii mbeimyrto eudn tains. -3- Alfitude Altifude in m inm 40 40 30 30 (0 20 la la E ,o 12 13 km Fig. s2e.co tfiC wortenohss betso e rorndtf eh res r taei mn c oeor Jftu ht ulstraumen Thvee rstciiaesclx aeal g 5g0e rtaitmeeds . tob ef abre t.tU enrfortutnhapeth eoltyo,g wrearpdehe ss trdouyreidn g thwea r. Thew estesrtpn amrootft hmeo untaarie(naJ u ultseasnsRdei ns e­ medewta)as l pshoot opghrefadr otmh aeib ryt hNeor wegiraint--iSBswhe­ disAhn tarEextepiideot ni1,9 -4592P.r elimmianpaasrt ty h sec aolfe 20,0000c,o sntrdu ocntt ehbea soifts h ipsho tograanptdhe yr restrial 1 : obesrtviaofnrso mmo utnaifnasr twheesrwt e,r ues ebdy t h1e9 -5660 exepdition. Fartehaestrth ,Se ø r-Ronmdoautnnaei wnesrp eh oogtrapfhreodm thaei bryL arCsh risnt'Eesxnp sdeeiti1o9-n337,6, a nadm apa tt hsec ale of :5 000,00 pwraosd ubcyHe .dE .H ans(eHna ns1e9n4 6H)ea. l so 1 prduoceadm apa tt hsec aolf1e 2:5 00,0p0,u blibsyNh oerdPs okl arin­ stiitnu1 t9t5o 7nt, h bea soifas ip rho togrtaapkbheystn h Uen ited States NavAyn tarEextepidei t1i9o4n6,- 47. TheB egliacnasr roiuteted r reosbetsrrviaasti lint ohnerseeg idounrgsi n thseu mmeorf1s 97 5-85 a1n9d8-5 59. Morphology. Fibmulitshelena ,ri gcese h ebleft w6e9e2°n0 ' 7a0n3°d0 S ', 3° W an4d° E ,h abse edne sbcerbdiy S withi(n1b9)a5.n7 kbT orhdee arreser ro­ neoiunss ompeal c,eb suott herhwiidsse es crispeteitmoosbn eq uite accur(aiFtg1e.9 )O.n t hroecec a,sfi ieolnpdsa rtoifeD se nN orske Antarktdiissnejekocnsr poestsheiidsc s eh eilntf h eea st-dwiersetca tti on 703°0 t'o7 04°0 S'. AiIwtsa ofls,o wonv eorns eevroacic a.s ions The sitcreef armoJ mu ltsutrawuamfseo nu tnode x teonudt tihnet o icseh eTlhfeb. o drerosft hliasr igcseet reaarvmee rdyi sttw,ii nteh broad bIetosfc resveamssa,k itnrvgaei lnt herseeg iamo onsstt r ouobmluee nsder­ takiTnhgew.e s tebrodnre irfs uo nadta ppraotxei1lm 3y°0 W ', t heea stern bordaet1r E° .T hei esert ae m w heerreso eswd a 9s0 wkimd meu,e whi der thafna rtihnelraT nhdii.sos e eiaosnbeytd h fea tehtta htie e seeh lifms u eh morfer teoem ovlea tetrhaailntsl h yie ln a nidc e. Thew estbeordrneo rft hiee sert ae m r unisnt hdei ree30t4°iI.oti n s ani mmenesreaelsvysb eedl1 t0t,0o2 0m0 w i,de eontalianr"igenieegb ergs" lyihnagp haz(aPrldIaal t.)yIe n m anpyal ctehsie eb ete wetehn"e ei ebergs" -4- \ , N , 1 \ I I 60 � \ S9 I � I �" I , lee' //" I Rise lee l / 55 , She/F I I I I / // I / I I 1 I I I / I ff II // r:N:JorwqyS tation / / / I / sit- / / / / / / // // 1 o, 2! 3!k m Fi3.gT .hse u rffooarFfcmi e m bauNtlo irSswtieanaony.t iasl maotss tel aee vlB.r osahda,l dleopwr eswsiitcohrn esv,aa slsotenhsge ir sidaensdo,i r entSaEt-eNdW h,a vteh eoirri iginsn ha ericnrge sveass, shwointgh tahtae r teota h eea msotv feass ttheadrno etsha er teota h wee st. Oustitdhebi lestt h earreaef eswm aclrle sveaadsr etaots h eea satn,td h e regihoasnsh alulnodwu labtoitoohnnt sh eea staenrodn nt hwee stern sid(Feis2g .). Thee astbeorrndo eftr h rea pimdolvyii cnegs treiasmz oan seo me 12k mw idaen d qduieiffrtefenr tot mho en ael ryed aedsecdrU.inb udlations anadf epwr esrsiudrageret esob es eeonny li nt hmeo sitn tecnrseesvleayds pratA. m ostty pifceaalti untr heai rsie lsao n0g.t,5o 1 5 . bmor acdr evasses