5T-M8 20-3 3 .PAHC ,5-88 MFA LAUNAM LACINHCET DRAIENARANOGDSE I ON-CONTSRTORLU CTUFROERS HELAIIPARONFRDIT ESLDS DETI MN IOSLIINTUUBIR T;SEISDA ECLIE LRDRBEOUVFPORPPA D EPARTMENTS FO EHT ,YMRA DNA EHT RIA CROF E 1991 ENUJ SNOITCIRTSER/NOITAZIRO HNTOUIATCUDORPER of ro yb deraperp neeb sah launam sihT tnden marn reehvtoG si cilbup ytreporp dna ton tcejbus ot.thgirypoc Rep stnir ro snoitacilbuper fo siht launam dluohs edulcni a tiderc yllaitnatsbus sa :swollof tnioJ“ stnemtrapeD foht e Army and the Air Force, USA, TM 5-820-3/AFM 88-5 , Chap ret ,3 eganiarD dna lortnoC-noisorE serutcurtS of r ,stropi ldsendHaleifriA 3 June 1991. ” *TM 5-820-3/AFM 88-5, Chap. 3 T LACINHCE M LAUNA SRETRAUQDAEH TM 5-820-3 DEPARTMENTS OF THE laun aeMcr orFiA ECR OR FIE AHD TNYAMRA A re t,Mp53Fa-Ah8C8 W NOTGNIHSA , DC, 3 enuJ1991 DRAINAGE AND EROSION-CONTROL STRUCTURES FOR AIRFIELDS AND HELIPORTS deti mn iosliintuubir t;seisDa ecli e ldrrbeouvfporppA Paragraph egaP C RETPAH 1. INTRODUCTION sopruP e ........................................................... 1-1 1-1 pocS e ............................................................ 2-1 4-1 cnerefeR e ......................................................... 3-1 1-1 aera melborP s ...................................................... 4-1 1-1 giseD n ............................................................ 5-1 1-1 noitaredisnoc llaftuO s ................................................ 6-1 1-1 al eganiarD w ....................................................... 7-1 1-1 C RETPAH 2. EPIP EGANIARD areneG l ........................................................... 1-2 1-2 pip fo epyt fo noitceleS e .............................................. 2-2 1-2 eulav n fo noitceleS s ................................................. 3-2 1-2 pip detaoc suonimutib fo esu detcirtseR e ................................. 4-2 2-2 evoc mumixam dna muminiM r ........................................ 5-2 2-2 noitaredisnoc noitidnoc tsorF s ......................................... 6-2 9-2 tnioj epip eganiard hguorht slios enif fo noitartlifnI s ........................ 7-2 2-10 C RETPAH 3. SNIARD XOB DNA STELNI areneG l ........................................................... 1-3 1-3 nisab hctac susrev stelnI s ............................................. 2-3 1-3 erutaef ngiseD s ..................................................... 3-3 1-3 niard xoB s ......................................................... 4-3 5-3 niard dna stelni fo tnemeltteS s ......................................... 5-3 8-3 rettuG s ........................................................... 6-3 8-3 telni bruC s ........................................................ 7-3 8-3 niggolC g .......................................................... 8-3 8-3 reddaL s ........................................................... 9-3 8-3 C RETPAH 4. GUTTERS areneG l ........................................................... 1-4 1-4 ticapac egrahcsiD y .................................................. 2-4 1-4 trahc ngiseD s ...................................................... 3-4 4-4 C RETPAH 5. STREVLUC DNA SNIARD MROTS areneG l ........................................................... 1-5 1-5 llawdne dna sllawdaeH s .............................................. 2-5 1-5 teltuo ta ruocS s ..................................................... 3-5 3-5 eltuo ta lortnoc noisorE t .............................................. 4-5 5-11 C RETPAH 6. CHANNELSOPEN areneG l ........................................................... 1-6 1-6 gised lennahC n ..................................................... 2-6 1-6 rudecorp ngiseD e ................................................... 3-6 4-6 mad kcehc dna serutcurts porD s ....................................... 4-6 4-6 C RETPAH 7. CHUTES areneG l ........................................................... 1-7 1-7 giseD n ............................................................ 2-7 2-7 elborp ngiseD m .................................................... 3-7 6-7 C RETPAH 8. EGANIARD NOITCURTSNOC areneG l ........................................................... 1-8 1-8 ninnalP g .......................................................... 2-8 1-8 oitadarged latnemnorivnE n ........................................... 3-8 1-8 erusaem evitcetorP s ................................................. 4-8 1-8 ___________ .8791 yraunaJ 03 detad ,3-028-5 MT sedesrepus launam sihT* i *TM 5-820-3/AFM 88-5, Chap. 3 Paragraph egaP A PPENDIX .A REFERENCE S ............................................................... 1-A B xidneppA . ELBAT REVOC S ............................................................. 1-B A PPENDIX C. OUTLPERTO TECTIDOENS IPGRNO BLE M ..................................... 1-C A PPENDIX D. ELBORP NGISED LENNAHC M ................................................ 1-D A PPENDIX E. OITATON N .................................................................. 1-E B YHPARGOILBI ........................................................................... . 1-OILBIB serugiF fo tsiL .oN erugiF eltiT egaP 1-2 tiudnoc fo sessalc niam eerhT s ........................................................... 5-2 2-2 margaid tiudnoc ydob-eerF s ............................................................. 6-2 3-2 pip ralucric rof sgniddeb hcnerT e ......................................................... 7-2 4-2 tiudnoc gnitcejorp evitisop rof sgniddeB s .................................................. 8-2 5-2 tiudnoc dnuorgrednu no sdaol ecneulfni hcihw snoitidnoc noitallatsnI s ........................... 9-2 1-3 vruc egrahcsid gnitarg telni lacipyt fo noitanimreteD e ......................................... 2-3 2-3 etarg telni lacipyt fo selpmaxE s .......................................................... 3-3 3-3 gised telni fo selpmaxE n ................................................................ 4-3 4-3 metsys eganiard mrots tropileh dna dleifria rof sngised niard xob dna telni lacipyT s ................. 6-3 5-3 niard xob riapeR s ..................................................................... 7-3 1-4 norpa dna syawnur rof srettug eganiarD s ................................................... 2-4 1-5 llawgniw dna sllaw daeH trevluC s ........................................................ 2-5 2-5 teltuo trevluc dna niard-mrots ta ruocs fo sepyT s ............................................ 3-5 3-5 ebmun eduorF-trevluc erauqS r ........................................................... 5-5 4-5 tped ruocs devresbo susrev htped ruocs detciderP h ........................................... 6-5 5-5 tdiw ruocs devresbo susrev htdiw ruocs detciderP h ........................................... 7-5 6-5 tgnel ruocs devresbo susrev htgnel ruocs detciderP h .......................................... 8-5 7-5 mulov ruocs devresbo susrev emulov ruocs detciderP e ........................................ 9-5 8-5 etawliat muminim rof yrtemoeg eloh ruocs sselnoisnemiD r .................................... 5-10 9-5 etawliat mumixam rof yrtemoeg eloh ruocs sselnoisnemiD r .................................... 5-11 5-10 nots evitcetorp fo ezis dednemmoceR e .................................................... 5-12 5-11 eknalb latnoziroh ,noitcetorp enots fo htgneL t ............................................... 5-13 5-12 retawliat mumixam dna muminim ot tcejbus teknalb parpir fo noitarugifnoc dednemmoceR s ......... 5-14 5-13 loh ruocs demroferP e .................................................................. 5-15 5-14 oisnapxe lennahc denil ,noitcetorp noisore teltuo trevluC n ..................................... 5-16 5-15 noisnapxe lennahc denil rof egrahcsid elbissimrep mumixaM s .................................. 5-17 5-16 oitisnart teltuo deralF n ................................................................. 5-18 5-17 lew gnillitS l .......................................................................... 5-19 5-18 isab tcapmi noitamalceR fo uaeruB SU n ................................................... 5-20 5-19 isab gnillits sllaF ynohtnA tniaS n ......................................................... 5-21 5-20 isab gnillits FAS rof trahc ngiseD n ........................................................ 5-23 5-21 ezis parpir dednemmoceR s .............................................................. 5-25 5-22 ezis-parpir eloh ruocS s ................................................................. 5-26 1-6 lennahc defrut ni wolf rof stneiciffeoc ecnadrateR s ........................................... 3-6 2-6 rutcurts pord lacipyt rof trahc ngised dna sliateD e ............................................ 5-6 1-7 tuhc eganiard lacipyt dna sliateD e ........................................................ 2-7 2-7 katni pord lacipyt fo sliateD e ............................................................ 3-7 3-7 evruc noitarbilac erutcurts porD s ......................................................... 4-7 4-7 olf etuhc ni tnemniartne riA w ............................................................ 5-7 5-7 no noitulos-melborp ngiseD e ............................................................ 7-7 6-7 wt noitulos-melborp ngiseD o ............................................................ 8-7 1-D airetam sselnoisehoc fo tropsnart tneipicni rof deriuqer wolf fo htped dna rebmun eduorF l ........... 2-D 2-D airetam sselnoisehoc fo tropsnart tneipicni rof egrahcsid tinu dna wolf fo htpeD l ................... 3-D 3-D epols edis H3-no-VI htiw slennahc ladiozepart fo scitsiretcarahc wolF s ........................... 4-D 4-D ennahc denil-parpir fo eruliaf tneipicni rof wolf fo htped dna rebmun eduorF l ...................... 5-D 5-D ennahc denil-parpir fo eruliaf tneipicni rof egrahcsid tinu dna wolf fo htpeD l ...................... 6-D 6-D lennahc ralugnatcer fo scitsiretcarahc wolF s ................................................ 8-D 7-D lennahc suoirav fo scitsiretcarahc egrahcsiD s ............................................... 9-D ii *TM 5-820-3/AFM 88-5, Chap. 3 Tablesof List TablNeo . eltiT egaP 1-2 sepip suoirav rof stneiciffeoc ssenhguoR ................................................... 2-2 2-2 smaes detlob dna detevir rof srotcaf noitcuder thgieh revoc mumixaM ........................... 4-2 1-6 yratilim ni slennahc nepo rof seiticolev naem elbissimrep mumixam dna ssenhguor fo stneiciffeoc detsegguS noitcurtsnoc ........................................................................ 2-6 1-B epip leets detagurroc hcni-¼ yb -½1 rof )teef( stnemeriuqer revoc mumixam detsegguS ............. - 2-B 2-B epip leets detagurroc hcni-½ yb -3/2 2 rof )teef( stnemeriuqer revoc mumixam detsegguS ............ - 3-B 3-B epip leets detagurroc hcni-I yb -3 rof )teef( stnemeriuqer revoc mumixam detsegguS ................ 4-B 4-B epip leets detagurroc hcni-1 yb -5 rof )teef( stnemeriuqer revoc mumixam detsegguS ............... . 6-B 5-B epip leets detagurroc hcni-2 yb -6 rof )teef( stnemeriuqer revoc mumixam detsegguS ............... 8-B 6-B epip leets detagurroc hcni-4/' yb -½1 rof )teef( stnemeriuqer revoc muminim detsegguS ............. - 9-B 7-B epip leets detagurroc hcni-½ yb -3/2 2 rof )teef( stnemeriuqer revoc muminim detsegguS ............ B-10 8-B epip leets detagurroc hcni-I yb -3 rof )teef( stnemeriuqer revoc muminim detsegguS ................ B-14 9-B epip leets detagurroc hcni-1 yb -5 rof )teef( stnemeriuqer revoc muminim detsegguS ................ B-18 B-10 epip leets detagurroc hcni-2 yb -6 rof )teef( stnemeriuqer revoc muminim detsegguS ................ B-22 B-11 epip munimula detagurroc hcni-½ yb -%2 rof )teef( stnemeriuqer revoc mumixam detsegguS ........ B-26 B-12 epip munimula detagurroc hcni-I yb -3 rof )teef( stnemeriuqer revoc mumixam detsegguS ........... B-27 B-13 epip munimula detagurroc hcni-I yb -6 rof )teef( stnemeriuqer revoc mumixam detsegguS ........... B-30 B-14 epip munimula detagurroc hcni-2/2 yb -%2 rof )teef( stnemeriuqer revoc muminim detsegguS ........ B-33 B-15 epip munimula detagurroc hcni-I yb -3 rof )teef( stnemeriuqer revoc muminim detsegguS ........... B-37 B-16 epip munimula detagurroc hcni-1 yb -6 rof )teef( stnemeriuqer revoc muminim detsegguS ........... B-41 B-17 epip )EP( enelyhteylop detagurroc rof stnemeriuqer revoc detsegguS ............................ B-45 B-18 strevluc etercnoc-decrofnier rof revoc fo teef mumixaM ...................................... B-46 B-19 strevluc etercnoc-decrofnier rof revoc fo teef muminiM ...................................... B-49 B-20 strevluc etercnoc-decrofniernon rof revoc fo teef mumixaM ................................ B-57 B-21 strevluc etercnoc-decrofniernon rof revoc fo teef muminiM ................................... B-65 B-22 strevluc yalc deifirtiv rof revoc fo teef mumixaM ............................................ B-73 B-23 strevluc yalc deifirtiv rof revoc fo teef muminiM ............................................ B-80 iii TM 5-820-3/AFM 88-5, Chap. 3 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1. .esopruP the ngised fo l sleeagraunt ictausrrudtms ebme - sihT launam sessucsid retaw lasopsiddohtem s s eraC .dezisahp yranimiler phto bo tnevi ge bdluoh whic h erusne eht efas dna tneiciffe noitarepoo f e hcihw syevrus dleif d nsanoitave lleortn ohcsilbats airpor t ,s edtinrtaoi ploeiitblciearhfcs endaiffe - t o serutcu rctisluar dsyuhoi rnefaohovittcurts noc ic tne s ma,e h mldt lebn eitoaogasrtatyp nesidard t ni s tcirt ecnadrocca htiw reporp dnaevorppa d .smets yesgania redtauqeda n yidbesu a ecnbac ngised .serudecorp A lufsseccus eganiardetsys m can ylno eb deniatbo yb n oeihttanid rfoooctob h .sreenign engise ddn adlei feht 1-2. Scope. b. w egallips leuF rmoro t nsdietcell o ectb olnli sihT sl eaanduiginrivaesom terridporfcommoc n sanita yr .sre w leeesguaFll iypasm eb ylefassid - dra egani dna lortnoc-noisore serutcurts rofria - a dednop gnidivorp yb fo desop eogsani arsroadfer eh dna sdleif larev er sosftnemeriuq errev o,cstropil eb nac dellips leuf yna taht re tem ahodwtrefvo mer sepyt fe opriopf -ceto rd pn,asda ollee hgwniyrav .ecafrus egarots-leuf-kluB saera lliw ton b e ti on snoiiti dgnnoicz etesrn fisan gima arfroodts n isnoc ,s rd ,en .starsbt earudveugeorCr -aestdaliub .sa etrs aolrafnosaes sto mr sniard lliw ton eb dedivorp rofganiard e ar ound rac-knat ro kcurt-knat gnidaolnusaera , tank -truck , s g d dlnsnneikaaudnt faasn-otikllub - 1-3. .secnerefeR storage areas. cnerefer fo tsil a sniatnoc A xidneppA sih tn ides use c. tsaW ,senihc a,msroo lgfninae lmco rrfet aew .tnemucod ibihorp osla si senalpria dna mr ogtnsire tmn oedreft or yratinas srewes .yltcerid tnemtaerTseitilicaf , 1-4. .sae rmaelborP traps, ro gnidloh seitilicaf lliw eb dedivorpa s appropriate. a. The melborp saera edulc n,istrevlucrednu - ground mrots eganiard ,smetsys ,ruocs parpirer - quir stneme ta trevluc dna mrots niard steltuo , 1-6. .snoitared ilslnaofctuO ,srotapissid ygrene teltuo ne ploaicifit rda nlaarut an nI emos seitilacol eht maertspu ytreporpenwo r .seru t, csdpulnoreartndsnahc am y y ln liyaa t irsro cdietihpn fooeirhtptnrwaod - b. smelborP ni enhgt ies gefad ondinaarodre - maerts seitreporp tuohtiw ytilibail rofegamad s is on-control serutcurts rof sdleifria dnatropileh s ,retaw fo egrahcsid eht morf sa errea hsntaioer ehw resul t morf eruliaf ot wollof a egnar-gentoslam r he am y eb elbail rof egamad desuac yb cus h empoleved -im idl n,aat acdis aebtauqeda n,ina ltpn draina ge. lacoL wal dna secitcarp dluohs eber - t ni noitat noitcurtsn o ncsimelbo r.Pgnidn u rfeomi viewed roirp ot eht ngised fo a eganiardmetsys , and noitarepo tluser morf roop noitcepsnina d and eht ecivda fo eht noisiviD laer etatseciffo e noitcurtsnoc ,serudecorp dna kcal fo cidoirepni - .deniat bedobluohs u-wollof dna snoitceps os l saeire h.Tecnanetni apm rd taht noitpecnocsim eht e obdteredisn o sceigania effa rotcaf tnatropmi tsael eht ecnamrofr ee phgtnitc 1-7. .ewgaalniarD .noitallatsn in afo a. The re era owt cisab selur fo wal deilppai n c. Ad equate laitini egani asreditilicafdivorp e aniard -nommo cdn awa llivi cnamo R,smelbor peg yrotcafsitas ecnamrofrep htiw elttilcnanetniam e .elu rymene dna allat syntil ueal fi,hywmon ong cund eroolog - b. A rebmu nf os ewtoa ltnlsao mfloiRvical w evisnetxe eriuqer lliw snoit srtonemecal p,esrriaper hcihw seificeps taht eht srenwo fo hgih dnalra e .seide mreerhto en deltit ot egrahcsid rieht eganiard retawtno o rewol s n do hnilga sauldsroneurarthpatnenadhc - slen tuo hntoiiwtcurtsbo yb eht rewol .renwohT e 1-5. Design. noitavele s hrfg eoisen h ehw dvtofnioagl n adnal a. gised reporpmI nfooitcurts nsoscele r dannca egatnavda fwoo lef hettarelec c oamte hgtniwolla er yam serutcurts eganiard suoirav dn asdleifri aredn ecafrus retaw yb gnitcurtsnoc sehctid ro ybmi - stropileh evitceffeni dna suoregnad ot ehtfas e gnivorp slenn alhacru tan y rt-yornbeip oenrhopt op snoitare fo yr a ,t.yitllftianmrecurqieasnhotC e .sniard elit gnillats - w,od hnra e lswfrooel newhoT ytissecen seltpic nciirlpua rc digysnhaiby lfpopa o 1-1 TM 5-820-3/AFM 88-5, Chap. 3 d larutan tneverp tonnac ,reve gniret nmeo refganiar egamad the property fo e htrstuerowehontlwiow thei r yt rm e eoesrprvueofoat rbcaypaewabmon t tsrif gniruces na .tnemesae ehT rewolsrenwo , c eb degrahcs idd neadiv iedgania rsadsor cdaeirra ho ,revew are allowed to construct dikes or othe r on land hddcl e iut vehooeihewwnvettacahewr r caf o trneo teacwaf rwf uo oeslthfntev esoretpitili .yllarutan rieh.tytreporp c. setats rehtO elu rymene-nommo ceh tyolpm e taw taht sezingocer hcihw f oymen enommo cas ire d. Bo th namoR livic wal dna ehtnommoc - lla dna ta hstr ey nnewavoadhn ealh tthgir otorp - elur ymene nsoegam ard oyftilibisnops eer hetcalp tcet lesmeht dn arlie hott ngoniwo lrfet amwo rsfev eht ytrap gniretla eht larutan maerts nrettap foa n ih a morf rehg ieh h,tw asli hrted n.Unoitave lreehg era wo lef hstkco lhbci hewlcats b noganitae r rcao rd tcurtsnoc tonnac srenwodnal hci hswkr oewgania .mae rltasr uf toaan 1-2 TM 5-820-3/AFM 88-5, Chap. 3 CHAPTER 2 DRAINAGE PIPE 2-1. .lareneG b. b dluohs hcihw srotcaF -tcel e nsdieredisn oec epip eganiard A s ire ernhu attahoct(u) reatgsdirb ni g eht epyt fo e p eihdptugl ncreneridtnsuixam - used ot yevnoc retaw hguorht ro rednu aawnur y minim ro mum -no cllifkca bdn agnidde b,revo cmu lif l ro emos rehto .noitcurtsbo slairetaM of r ,snoitid detapicitna ,sgnidaol htgnel fosnoitces , pe epyt-tnenamr snoitallatsni edulcni nialp o r allatsni fo esae -r ascdiuq i ylnboit ceavisorr o,cnoit ofnier ,etercnoc decrofniernon rced concrete, corru- m gnitnioj ,lios gnidnuorrus ro deir ethods, expected gated ,le estosts e,btsnaemec dna yad dnaimula - celfed s tihiguoht l.Aecnanetni a fmtos odc n,anoit . edpeitpagu rmruonc niatbo ot elbissop ontoitallats neip ieplbatpec c naa meet sntgniesmeedri u gqynebirhsialibcaetpsse l 2-2. noitceleS fo epyt fo.epip rof snoisivorp yliranidr o,slaireta melbisso plareves ylno one or two tee myllacimonoc elli wsetanretla a. T h -n oncoitcurtsn oeclbat i fnuaoositcel ees a rof stnemeriuqer laudividni eht eg adne isaorpdorp dui t y t ldidlelnti n iaiwerybubeb asvelohigtava - .metsys liba yti fo e psilpairet armof lsancooiltidntoicw h noitaredisnoc eud -ari s.tsesIidrot ccaifmon ofcoe 2-3. no iftoc.es leneuSlav setanretla timrep ot elb deviec e ernb ascd itba hots htiw s eftponyetr e sfrenfohoif tidst'prootcartnoc eiciffeoc eht rehtehW de lb, usn os,hesnhg utfonor pi ep elbatiu srof .an ocinitifawilocllealptAssni g based n o n ifoet o hiw l tdedaaennnepoadicipo r alt setanre sevres sa a snaem fo gnirucneisddib g c detapicitna no tluciff i sadeit ardet a talnaoitidno com .noititep nehW etanretla sngised ra e .melborp noitatnemid erSo gnivap ni a epipliw l ,suoegatnavda h cmaeet slylsiw deebngiosceed - feoc eht tceffa sev i1g -e2lb a.Tssenhgu o frtoneicif ,yllacimon g neigkaattnavd afo l l,uyfticapasceb t the n seula vro fhrtooior meestpniip fo ynaezis , slope , ts a,ehltpe ddn arhetpgonre prdtnsalatsni - shape, ro epyt dna rof ralunna dna acileh l e rof snoisivorp noital ereh W.devlovn ilaireta mhca evapnu htob epip latem detagurroc d dtnn ae5c2rep tcid snoitidnoc dleif lairet aemp ie p nfeo ose uhetta paved. nehW n seula vrehto naht esoh tdetsilra e ni ec ner e of,tesrrpe h etshonto slaleirw ylrael ceb ,detceles hndtie ifits uyjlp melabl isweul ahvcus e .sisylan angise deh tn idetneserp .sisylan angised 2-1 TM 5-820-3/AFM 88-5, Chap. 3 2-4. rtseR icted use of bituminous-coated pipe. decafrus sc teeij rubdadunnsuoocrg r.es ddnlUeif t to desu ascda odla e:dsda ofsloep yltapicni ropwt T y nhat iewp ilpatem-detagurr o fcnooitallats neih yb e tnemknabm ro hcnert llifkcab ulp s per egatnec fo suonimutib gnitaoc dluohs eber - us rmorofi n,usda oelcafr uysranoita tdsesopmirep irts /d n,aets akwc ahrs a,wegalli plse uefre hdwetc ;detartnecnoc nidu l,cs ndgedian vnoirialvolom g ds et nr tn.oae eceetcterhevpnbotpliexopes .tcapmi b. ys eganiarD - dooertnpg i dselebud oshmsets 2-5. .r emvuo m cmiduxnmaaimniM ediv eht tsetaerg elbissop yticapac ot evresht e a. Hel iport ylnliac iltplu yiottwyrao lpdrniaa - dennalp tnemevap .noitarugifno csnoitiddA oto r nuorgrednu edulc -n urred nsus ahpci hswtiudn odc stnemecalper fo eganiard senil gniwollofaitini l ,syaw ,s y,,asswndioaxrpapi taldenha rehtodrah - noitcurtsnoc g n ei yrthl apttduosnrboascid to air- .sdnats nI eht ngised dna noitcurtsnoc fo ht e .ciffa rttfarc dra egani metsys ti lliw eb yrassecen otedisnoc r mumixam dna muminim htob elbawol lraev ohctrae c . In snoitagitsev f oe ceaglapn-ina irddnaore - ni eht dnuorgrednu stiudnoc ot eb decalpednu r is on rsenwoitallat synriat i slteiaimtili claofrt noc e a stnemevap digir dna elbixelf htob htaene bs alle ws ot 6691 doirep eht gnirud edam seitilica feh T.279 1 sdleifria decafrusnu -tam-gnidna lytud-muide mdn a obs devre deirav morf 1 ot erom naht 03 sraeyo f 2-2 TM 5-820-3/AFM 88-5, Chap. 3 age. T eh ydu tdselaeve rtaht dei rsutbiudnocna d ecxe dna ,egnih citsalp snoitcn u sf,anoitcelf eedviss as detaicos de lsloearit ftsei nglmiairncoiatafsrd m fo epip ezis ,,d ssnlsnaleoinifftkficlidaitnbfsoc l 1-dim eht litnu s'0491 ylrae eht sd'e0r6a9ep poateb heigh t, dn aedv eidr lla erboedoilrifxesewnlofc e curts tnellecxe ot doog ni ,re v.enwooiHt ildanrouct y leetS .sepip -li arfae h,sgnihsu rectercn odc ndalei am yn seruliaf fo deirub stiudnoc erewetroper d ure s nfooi t, cgsnnauifk cealri c sdnneat ,ez iespip d u dd el,e tuebtoorinhosfe r.enhoTitcurt sgnnoicr llifkcab ,snoitidnoc lluf ,thgieh etercnochtgnerts , tha t setronanemeri urq eetvriouc dmnuomc inim t a ,tnetnoc leets - er rodferedisn oecr edwa oelv idln la syaw etauqeda gnirud .noitcurtsnoc ehW n rofniernoN .epip etercnoc decrofni edteecrcdnnoac hcihw ,tnempiuqe noitcurtsnoc nah treivae he bya m ab era ngised epip yalc deifirtiv nacire meA h ntdoes ihw rof sdaol evil ,dengis ende esb athiudn oec hhtc Concrete epiP s’noitaicossA daol-D ngisedorp - si ope detar revo ro raen na ydaerla calp-ni e .kc ahrccn i d-ne1 os0eaa.rb0udec dnuorgrednu ,tiudnoc ti si eht 'rotcartnoc s f. elbat ehT xiBdne p)np3ia 2h-gBuo rIh -tsB( ytilibisnopser ot edivorp yna lanoitidda evoc r eht yfitnedi mumixa mdn amumini mdednemmoce r du gnir noitcurtsnoc ot diova egamad ot ehtnoc - revoc stn em erroif umqre orstnsiar ddsntarevluc . .tiud lav era shtped revoc esehT sda odleifice pes hrt odfi d. Si ecn 0491 ssorg tfarcria thgiew ah s and ,snoitidnoc gnidulcni egareva gniddebna d incr desae ,dlof-ytnewt morf 000,53 sdnuop t o ol eseht morf snoitaiveD .llifkcab snoitidn od cnsada yletamixorppa 000,007 .sdnuop ehT sesaercnii n sig yltnacifin tceffa eht elbawolla mumixamna d aircr tfa thgiew evah dah a tnacifingis tceffeo n muminim ,revoc gniriuqer a etarapes gised n ngised ,airetirc noitcurtsnoc ,serudecorp na d oitaluclac dlei yllu feh tpoleve dsmae sepi ptso M.n lairetam noitcurtsn od cnearutcafun ae mhndtiesu p eht fo htgnerts e m eoersra e,hrteve w.olH leapwi fo deirub .stiudnoc rojaM stnemevorpmi niht e ex snoitpec hcihw rucco ni dradnats latempip e snoc dna ngised esnh2titiud ndoeci rnfuoobitcurt niatniam oT .erutcafunam rot cyatfe ftansetsis naoc sedaced denoitnem edulcni gnoma rehtometi s of 2 0. rof eseht ,sepip eht mumixam nir g cni desaer htgnerts fo deirub sepip dnastiudnoc , tsum noisserpmoc htgner tmsa ees h ftfolah-e neob desaercni noitcapmoc ,stnemeriuqer dnaesiver d rather fnlaahht- efnoo eht hltlganw errotfsseht e .selba trevo cmumixa mdn amuminim 2-2 elbaT .sepip rsonfoitcu dtehrg iree hvsowcohs e. mumixam dna muminim roF ,-nHgi sreed voc sta dradn detevir dna detlob smaes hcihw odon t ,031-C ,141-C ,A5-C ,51-F ,K-51 ,02 I- Bdn2a5-B f ot tnelaviuqe htgnerts a poleved = 000,33sdnuop y vil e sdaol dna 021 sdnuop rep cibuc tooflifkcab l per s erauq .hcni ehT noitcu dserrotcaf nwohsra e evah ne e.bderedis nroecvoC sthgieh roflbixelf e the ra soit fo maes htgnerts ot llaw .htgnertshT e dna sepip dneo sea rbseew peitperc ndoeccrofn ier mumixam revoc thgieh rof sepip htiw aew k an sisylana fo tuptuo gnauJ( dna eeL )7891orf m -2 elbat ni deifitnedi sa gnimaes denimret e ednb a2c rp retupmoc EDNAC eht ,5-77-DR-A WmHaFr(go yb lum gniylpit eht mumixam revoc thgieh rof a llaW .)271-08-DR-AWHF ,6-77-DR-AWHF -hsurc lsuounitnoc y )bpBp ae(p impa eksc o rldoedlew-y pes maes ,gni fanooitamr o,fgnilkc ulbl a,wnoitara . 2e- l 2nbnwa iotshrsot cnaofitcu deehrt 2-3