Time and Again Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today (LA) Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today (LA) provides a platform for original monograph studies into synchronic and diachronic linguistics. Studies in LA confront empirical and theoretical problems as these are currently discussed in syntax, semantics, morphology, phonology, and systematic pragmatics with the aim to establish robust empirical generalizations within a universalistic perspective. General Editors Werner Abraham Elly van Gelderen University of Vienna / Rijksuniversiteit Arizona State University Groningen Advisory Editorial Board Cedric Boeckx Christer Platzack Harvard University University of Lund Guglielmo Cinque Ian Roberts University of Venice Cambridge University Günther Grewendorf Lisa deMena Travis J.W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt McGill University Liliane Haegeman Sten Vikner University of Lille, France University of Aarhus Hubert Haider C. Jan-Wouter Zwart University of Salzburg University of Groningen Volume 135 Time and Again. Theoretical Perspectives on Formal Linguistics Edited by William D. Lewis, Simin Karimi, Heidi Harley and Scott O. Farrar Time and Again Theoretical Perspectives on Formal Linguistics In honor of D. Terence Langendoen Edited by William D. Lewis Microsoft Research Simin Karimi University of Arizona Heidi Harley University of Arizona Scott O. Farrar University of Washington John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam / Philadelphia TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of 8 American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Time and again : theoretical perspectives on formal linguistics in honor of D. Terence Langendoen / edited by William D. Lewis ... [et al.]. p. cm. (Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, issn 0166-0829 ; v. 135) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Linguistics. I. Lewis, William D., 1963-. P121.T47 2008 410--dc22 2008035987 isbn 978 90 272 5518 1 (Hb; alk. paper) © 2009 – John Benjamins B.V. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publisher. John Benjamins Publishing Co. · P.O. Box 36224 · 1020 me Amsterdam · The Netherlands John Benjamins North America · P.O. Box 27519 · Philadelphia pa 19118-0519 · usa Table of contents Acknowledgements vii Introduction ix William D. Lewis, Simin Karimi, Scott O. Farrar and Heidi Harley Part I Syntax and semantics 1. Inverse reflexives 3 Paul M. Postal and John Robert Ross 2. On the nature of the approximative expression num-odd 37 Sheila Dooley and Ferdinand de Haan 3. Skating along the syntactic verge: Experimental pragmatics and understood elements of content 55 Merrill Garrett and Robert M. Harnish 4. Current challenges to the Lexicalist Hypothesis: An overview and a critique 91 Frederick J. Newmeyer Part II Psycholinguistics 5. On the homogeneity of syntax: How similar do coordinates and subordinates look to the comprehension system? 121 Wayne Cowart and Tatiana Agupova 6. The effect of case marking on subject-verb agreement errors in English 135 Janet Nicol and Ines Antón-Méndez 7. First language acquisition of coordination: The mud-puddle study and beyond 151 Barbara Lust, Suzanne Flynn, Yuchin Chien and Barbara Krawiec 8. Frequency effects in children’s syntactic and morphological development 177 Cecile McKee and Dana McDaniel 9. Abstract linguistic representations and innateness: The develop- ment of determiners 189 Virginia Valian vi Time and Again: Theoretical perspectives on formal linguistics Part III Language as a formal system 10. One-level finite-state phonology 209 Michael Hammond 11. Biolinguistics today and Platonism yesterday 227 T. G. Bever Part IV Standards 12. Linguistics as a community activity: The paradox of freedom through standards 250 Gary F. Simons 13. Sherwin Cody’s school of English 251 Edwin L. Battistella Index 263 Acknowledgements First, we would like to acknowledge our enormous debt of gratitude to the authors who contributed to this volume and who so graciously tolerated the numerous re- visions and lengthy delays. Likewise, kudos go to the reviewers without whom this volume could not have come to be: Brian Agbayani, David Basilico, Misha Becker, Hagit Borer, Jidong Chen, Venita Dayal, Roland Pfau, LouAnn Gerken, Baden Hughes, Orhan Orgun, Irina Sekerina, Dave Townsend, and Wendy Wilkins. We would also like to thank the many people at the University of Arizona and else- where who were champions of this volume in its early stages and encouraged us to continue, including Andrew Carnie, Mike Hammond, Nancy Kelly, and Ben Tucker. But our most heartfelt appreciation, admiration, and gratitude we reserve for Terry Langendoen himself, whose unrivaled brilliance, tireless energy, and extraordinary productivity over the years has been a source of inspiration to us all. Nos es humilis. Introduction William D. Lewisa, Simin Karimic, Scott O. Farrarb, and Heidi Harleyc aMicrosoft Research/bUniversity of Washington/cUniversity of Arizona This volume is an effort to pay tribute to D. Terence Langendoen for his significant contributions to various areas of linguistics in a career that has spanned nearly 50 years. Langendoen’s influence on the field can be gauged not only by his own unique contributions, but also by measuring his impact on the careers and schol- arship of a large number of students, colleagues and collaborators. This volume captures an essence of his career and his impact, containing papers written by scholars who have worked closely with him over the years. The success of generative linguistics can be attributed in no small part to a number of Chomsky’s prolific students, especially to those who began their ca- reers in the “generative revolution” of the 1960s. D. Terence Langendoen is one of those students. He was in fact Chomsky’s first PhD student, completing his disser- tation entitled Modern British Linguistics: A Study of its Theoretical and Substan- tive Contributions in 1964. Langendoen’s eclectic publications have touched on a wide variety of topics in generative linguistics and have echoed its most import- ant trends and themes. Thus, Langendoen’s work acts as a testament to the com- plexity of problems in generative linguistics. Currently a Professor Emeritus of Linguistics from The University of Arizona, and expert consultant at the National Science Foundation, Langendoen started his first job in the Linguistics Department at The Ohio State University right after his graduation in 1964. He was promoted to Associate Professor in 1968. He then moved to City University of New York in 1969 where he resided till 1988. He was also a member of the Computer Science Department at the same university, and a member of the PhD. Program in Linguistics at CUNY. In 1988, he was hired by the Department of Linguistics at The University of Arizona where he served as the Department Head until 1997, and continued as a professor in the same de- partment until his retirement in 2005. He has been a fellow and a visiting profes- sor in many areas in the world, including China, Holland, and across the US, at a number of prestigious universities.