THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation Lewis Carroll PSAT is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE, AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSATis a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved. Through the Looking Glass Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation Lewis Carroll PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved. ICON CLASSICS Published by ICON Group International, Inc. 7404 Trade Street San Diego, CA 92121 USA www.icongrouponline.com Through the Looking Glass: Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation This edition published by ICON Classics in 2005 Printed in the United States of America. Copyright ©2005 by ICON Group International, Inc. Edited by Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. (INSEAD); Copyright ©2005, all rights reserved. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. 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PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-497-25294-5 iii Contents PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR..........................................................................................1 CHAPTER 1 LOOKING-GLASS HOUSE.............................................................................3 CHAPTER II THE GARDEN OF LIVE FLOWERS..............................................................13 CHAPTER III LOOKING-GLASS INSECTS........................................................................23 CHAPTER IV TWEEDLEDUM AND TWEEDLEDEE..........................................................33 CHAPTER V WOOL AND WATER....................................................................................45 CHAPTER VI HUMPTY DUMPTY.....................................................................................55 CHAPTER VII THE LION AND THE UNICORN.................................................................67 CHAPTER VIII ‘IT’S MY OWN INVENTION’.......................................................................77 CHAPTER IX QUEEN ALICE...........................................................................................91 CHAPTER X SHAKING.................................................................................................105 CHAPTER XI WAKING..................................................................................................107 CHAPTER XII WHICH DREAMED IT?............................................................................109 GLOSSARY...................................................................................................................113 Lewis Carroll 1 PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR Designed for school districts, educators, and students seeking to maximize performance on standardized tests, Webster’s paperbacks take advantage of the fact that classics are frequently assigned readings in English courses. By using a running thesaurus at the bottom of each page, this edition of Through the Looking Glass by Lewis Carroll was edited for students who are actively building their vocabularies in anticipation of taking PSAT®, SAT®, AP® (Advanced Placement®), GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT® or similar examinations.1 Webster’s edition of this classic is organized to expose the reader to a maximum number of synonyms and antonyms for difficult and often ambiguous English words that are encountered in other works of literature, conversation, or academic examinations. Extremely rare or idiosyncratic words and expressions are given lower priority in the notes compared to words which are “difficult, and often encountered” in examinations. Rather than supply a single synonym, many are provided for a variety of meanings, allowing readers to better grasp the ambiguity of the English language, and avoid using the notes as a pure crutch. Having the reader decipher a word’s meaning within context serves to improve vocabulary retention and understanding. Each page covers words not already highlighted on previous pages. If a difficult word is not noted on a page, chances are that it has been highlighted on a previous page. A more complete thesaurus is supplied at the end of the book; Synonyms and antonyms are extracted from Webster’s Online Dictionary. Definitions of remaining terms as well as translations can be found at www.websters-online- dictionary.org. Please send suggestions to [email protected] The Editor Webster’s Online Dictionary www.websters-online-dictionary.org 1 P S A T ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved. Lewis Carroll 3 CHAPTER 1 LOOKING-GLASS HOUSE One thing was certain, that the white kitten had had nothing to do with it:—it was the black kitten’s fault entirely. For the white kitten had been having its face washed by the old cat for the last quarter of an hour (and bearing it pretty well, considering); so you see that it couldn’t have had any hand in the mischief.% The way Dinah washed her children’s faces was this: first she held the poor thing down by its ear with one paw, and then with the other paw she rubbed its face all over, the wrong way, beginning at the nose: and just now, as I said, she was hard at work on the white kitten, which was lying quite still and trying to purr—no doubt feeling that it was all meant for its good. But the black kitten had been finished with earlier in the afternoon, and so, while Alice was sitting curled up in a corner of the great arm-chair, half talking to herself and half asleep, the kitten had been having a grand game of romps with the ball of worsted Alice had been trying to wind up, and had been rolling it up and down till it had all come undone again; and there it was, spread over the hearth-rug, all knots and tangles, with the kitten running after its own tail in the middle. ‘Oh, you wicked little thing!’ cried Alice, catching up the kitten, and giving it Thesaurus catching: (adj) communicable, (v) teem, flower, fructify, bear fruit, accursed, to be pitied, devoted. infectious, epidemic, gripping, farrow, EAN. washed: (adj) wash, cleaner, colored, transferable, zymotic; (n) discovery, rolling: (n) peal, curling, wheeling, refined, wet, watery. take, playing, uncovering, getting. rolling movement, finish rolling, wicked: (adj) bad, sinful, atrocious, ANTONYM: (adj) noncommunicable. pealing, crimping; (adj) resounding, evil, vile, depraved, mischievous, curled: (adj) coiled, curling, having rolled, tumbling, resonating. immoral, unholy, nasty, naughty. curls, round, braided, twisted, rubbed: (adj) polished, refined, terse, ANTONYMS: (adj) innocent, pure, bowed, wreathy, Crull, curled up, attrite, marked, accomplished, pious, moral, kind, admirable, tressed. fretten. kindhearted, helpful, decent, having: (n) estate, possession, undone: (adj) ruined, unfinished, assisting, aiding. acceptance, enjoyment. sunk, done for, finished, behindhand, worsted: (adj) disappointed; (n) fabric, kitten: (n) cat, foal, kitty, colt, foetus; decayed; (adj, v) doomed; (v) knitting worsted, cloth. 4 Through the Looking Glass a little kiss to make it understand that it was in disgrace. ‘Really, Dinah ought to have taught you better manners! You ought, Dinah, you know you ought!’ she added, looking reproachfully at the old cat, and speaking in as cross a voice as she could manage—and then she scrambled back into the arm-chair, taking the kitten and the worsted with her, and began winding up the ball again. But she didn’t get on very fast, as she was talking all the time, sometimes to the kitten, and sometimes to herself. Kitty sat very demurely on her knee, pretending to watch the progress of the winding, and now and then putting out one paw and gently touching the ball, as if it would be glad to help, if it might.% ‘Do you know what to-morrow is, Kitty?’ Alice began. ‘You’d have guessed if you’d been up in the window with me—only Dinah was making you tidy, so you couldn’t. I was watching the boys getting in sticks for the bonfire—and it wants plenty of sticks, Kitty! Only it got so cold, and it snowed so, they had to leave off. Never mind, Kitty, we’ll go and see the bonfire to-morrow.’ Here Alice wound two or three turns of the worsted round the kitten’s neck, just to see how it would look: this led to a scramble, in which the ball rolled down upon the floor, and yards and yards of it got unwound again. ‘Do you know, I was so angry, Kitty,’ Alice went on as soon as they were comfortably settled again, ‘when I saw all the mischief you had been doing, I was very nearly opening the window, and putting you out into the snow! And you’d have deserved it, you little mischievous darling! What have you got to say for yourself? Now don’t interrupt me!’ she went on, holding up one finger. ‘I’m going to tell you all your faults. Number one: you squeaked twice while Dinah was washing your face this morning. Now you can’t deny it, Kitty: I heard you! What’s that you say?’ (pretending that the kitten was speaking.) ‘Her paw went into your eye? Well, that’s your fault, for keeping your eyes open—if you’d shut them tight up, it wouldn’t have happened. Now don’t make any more excuses, but listen! Number two: you pulled Snowdrop away by the tail just as I had put down the saucer of milk before her! What, you were thirsty, were you? How do you know she wasn’t thirsty too? Now for number three: you unwound every bit of the worsted while I wasn’t looking! Thesaurus bonfire: (n) fire, balefire, blaze, detrimental, naughty, deleterious, saucer: (n) plate, platter, discus, bowl, conflagration, firecracker, fireworks, impish, harmful, playful, maleficent, pan, dot, calabash, disk, dish salute, beacon, campfire, feu de joie, arch; (adj, v) hurtful. ANTONYMS: antenna, point, porringer. flames. (adj) harmless, serious. scrambled: (adj) twisted, snarled, demurely: (adv) soberly, primly, reproachfully: (adv) critically, miscellaneous, knotted, jumbled. virtuously, staidly, reservedly, abusively, admonitorily, snowed: (adj) drugged, fooled. solemnly, sedately, bashfully, vituperatively, disapprovingly, thirsty: (adj) eager, arid, parched, avid, seriously, gravely, properly. wearily, contemptuously, keen, athirst, greedy, absorbent, ANTONYMS: (adv) improperly, disparagingly, disdainfully, ambitious; (v) craving, hungry. brazenly, brashly, boldly. witheringly, shamefully. ANTONYMS: (adj) quenched, guessed: (adj) rude, inscrutable. ANTONYMS: (adv) approvingly, satisfied, disinterested, wet. mischievous: (adj) bad, injurious, hopefully. wants: (n) need, necessities. Lewis Carroll 5 ‘That’s three faults, Kitty, and you’ve not been punished for any of them yet. You know I’m saving up all your punishments for Wednesday week—Suppose they had saved up all my punishments!’ she went on, talking more to herself than the kitten. ‘What would they do at the end of a year? I should be sent to prison, I suppose, when the day came. Or—let me see—suppose each punishment was to be going without a dinner: then, when the miserable day came, I should have to go without fifty dinners at once! Well, I shouldn’t mind that much! I’d far rather go without them than eat them! ‘Do you hear the snow against the window-panes, Kitty? How nice and soft it sounds! Just as if some one was kissing the window all over outside. I wonder if the snow loves the trees and fields, that it kisses them so gently? And then it covers them up snug, you know, with a white quilt; and perhaps it says, “Go to sleep, darlings, till the summer comes again.” And when they wake up in the summer, Kitty, they dress themselves all in green, and dance about— whenever the wind blows—oh, that’s very pretty!’ cried Alice, dropping the ball of worsted to clap her hands. ‘And I do so wish it was true! I’m sure the woods look sleepy in the autumn, when the leaves are getting brown.% ‘Kitty, can you play chess? Now, don’t smile, my dear, I’m asking it seriously. Because, when we were playing just now, you watched just as if you understood it: and when I said “Check!” you purred! Well, it was a nice check, Kitty, and really I might have won, if it hadn’t been for that nasty Knight, that came wiggling down among my pieces. Kitty, dear, let’s pretend—’ And here I wish I could tell you half the things Alice used to say, beginning with her favourite phrase ‘Let’s pretend.’ She had had quite a long argument with her sister only the day before—all because Alice had begun with ‘Let’s pretend we’re kings and queens;’ and her sister, who liked being very exact, had argued that they couldn’t, because there were only two of them, and Alice had been reduced at last to say, ‘Well, you can be one of them then, and I’ll be all the rest.’ And once she had really frightened her old nurse by shouting suddenly in her ear, ‘Nurse! Do let’s pretend that I’m a hungry hyaena, and you’re a bone.’ But this is taking us away from Alice’s speech to the kitten. ‘Let’s pretend Thesaurus begun: (adj) present. fondling, arousal, foreplay, necking; ANTONYMS: (adj) awake, energetic, chess: (n) chess game, chess set, cheat, (adj) embracing, adhering closely, vigorous, clear, lively, refreshed. shogi, cheater, cheating, brome, billing, clinging, interosculant. snug: (adj, v) cosy, trim; (adj) cozy, bromegrass, bearded darnel, quilt: (n) blanket, comforter, duvet, easy, comfy, tight, close, warm, checkers, board game. bedding, cover, bedspread, secure, homely; (v) neat. clap: (n, v) blast, boom, slam, rumble; counterpane, quilting, eiderdown, ANTONYMS: (adj) baggy, (n) applause, clapping, gonorrhoea, sheet; (adj, v) embroider. uncomfortable, unwelcoming, bleak, smash; (v) acclaim, applaud, hit. saved: (adj) protected, economized, formal, loose. ANTONYMS: (v) hiss, jeer. rescued, blessed. wiggling: (adj) squirming, wiggly, hyaena: (n) canine, canid, aardwolf, sleepy: (adj) drowsy, dozy, slow, lazy, wriggling, twisting, sinuate, twisty, brown hyena. hypnotic, inactive, comatose, dull, moving, sinuous, tortuous, wobbly, kissing: (n) hugging, cuddling, heavy, dreamy; (adv) asleep. wriggly.