CASCAD E Books 199 West 8th Avenue, Suite 3, Eugene, OR 97401 Tel. (541) 344-1528 • Fax (541) 344-1506 A division of WIPF and STOCK Publishers Visit our Web site at www.wipfandstock.com Proceedings from the 2013 York University Christian Apocrypha Symposium Forbidden Texts on Western Frontier the The Christian Apocrypha from North American Perspectives Edited by TONY BURKE North American study of the Christian Apocrypha is known princi- pally for its interest in using noncanonical texts to reconstruct the life and teachings of Jesus, and for its support of Walter Bauer’s theory on the development of early Christianity. The papers in this volume, presented in September 2013 at York University in Toronto, challenge that simplistic assessment by demonstrating that U.S. and Canadian scholarship on the Christian Apocrypha is rich and diverse. The topics covered in the papers include new developments in the study of canon formation, the interplay of Christian Apocrypha and texts from the Nag Hammadi library, digital humanities resources for recon- structing apocryphal texts, and the value of studying late-antique apocrypha. Among the highlights of the collection are papers from a panel by three celebrated New Testament scholars reassessing the significance of the Christian Apocrypha for the study of the historical Jesus. Forbidden Texts on the Western Frontier demonstrates the depth and breadth of Christian Apocrypha studies in North America and offers a glimpse at the achievements that lie ahead in the field. ISBN: 978-1-4982-0982-3 | 400 pp. | $44 | paper TONY BURKE is Associate Professor of Early Christianity at York University in Toronto, Ontario. He is the author of Secret Scriptures Revealed (2013), and editor of Ancient Gospel or Modern Forgery? (Cascade Books, 2013). “Studies of the Christian Apocrypha are coming of age in North America, and this volume clearly outlines the contours of such an emergence into adulthood. These essays cover many of the major issues in contemporary apocryphal studies, ranging from debate over definitions to the practicalities of digital editions. The chapters on the distinctive contribution of North American study of the Christian Apocrypha are particularly interesting and provocative.” —STANLEY E. PORTER, President and Dean, Professor of New Testament, Roy A. Hope Chair in Christian Worldview, McMaster Divinity College “Burke has brought together a fascinating collection of essays that not only sheds light on the writing that forms the Christian Apoc- rypha but also provides deep meta-level reflections on the forces that influence the way those texts are studied in the North Ameri- can context. Much that is discussed is richly insightful, and often the reflections on scholarship are probing and controversial. This is essential reading for those interested in the Christian Apocrypha and early Christianity.” —PAUL FOSTER, Professor, New Testament Language, Literature & Theology, School of Divinity, University of Edinburgh “As this book shows, scholars in North America have much to contribute to the study of Christian Apocrypha. Some contributors reflect critically on the particular circumstances in which they operate, arising from the interplay between faith commitments and historical scholarship in the academy, the church, and in popular culture. Others foreground and advance the discussion of a number of apocryphal texts. Their essays make a significant contribution to the study of early Christian literature.” —ANDREW GREGORY, Chaplain & Pro-Dean for Welfare, University College, Oxford Media, Examination, and Review Copies: Orders: Contact your favorite bookseller or order directly Contact: James Stock from the publisher via phone (541) 344-1528, (541) 344-1528, ext 103 or [email protected] fax (541) 344-1506 or e-mail us at [email protected] Forbidden Texts on the Western Frontier Forbidden Texts on the Western Frontier The Christian Apocrypha in North American Perspectives Proceedings from the 2013 York University Christian Apocrypha Symposium Edited by Tony BurkE Foreword by ChrisToph MarksChiEs FORBIDDEN TEXTS ON THE WESTERN FRONTIER The Christian Apocrypha in North American Perspectives Proceedings from the 2013 York University Christian Apocrypha Symposium Copyright © 2015 Wipf and Stock Publishers. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in critical publications or reviews, no part of this book may be reproduced in any manner without prior written permission from the publisher. Write: Permissions, Wipf and Stock Publishers, 199 W. 8th Ave., Suite 3, Eugene, OR 97401. Cascade Books An imprint of Wipf and Stock Publishers 199 W. 8th Ave., Suite 3 Eugene, OR 97401 www.wipfandstock.com ISBN: 978-1-4982-0982-3 Cataloging-in-Publication data: Forbidden texts on the western frontier : the Christian apocrypha in North American perspectives : proceedings from the 2013 York University Christian Apocry- pha Symposium / edited by Tony Burke ; foreword by Christoph Markschies. xxx + 370 p. ; 23 cm. Includes bibliographic references and indexes. ISBN: 978-1-4982-0982-3 1. Apocryphal books (New Testament). 2. Apocryphal Gospels. 3. Jesus Christ—Biography—History and criticism. 4. Paul, the Apostle, Saint. 5. Church his- tory—Primitive and early church, ca. 30–600. I. Burke, Tony (1968–). II. Markschies, Christoph. III. Title. BS2850 F25 2015 Manufactured in the U.S.A. 07/22/2015 Scripture quotations are from the New Revised Standard Version Bible, copyright 1989, Divi- sion of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved. To François Bovon and Helmut Koester, two giants upon whose shoulders we stand. Contents List of Illustrations and Tables | ix Foreword by Christoph Markschies | xi Preface | xix Abbreviations | xxi Contributors | xxix 1 Introduction | 1 —Tony Burke 2 North American Approaches to the Study of the Christian Apoc- rypha on the World Stage | 19 —Jean-Michel Roessli Appendix—The AELAC (Association Pour L’étude de la Littérature Chrétienne): A Brief Historical Survey | 52 3 The “Harvard School” of the Christian Apocrypha | 58 —Brent Landau 4 Excavating Museums: From Bible Thumping to Fishing in the Stream of Western Civilization | 78 —Charles W. Hedrick 5 Scriptural Trajectories through Early Christianity, Late Antiquity, and Beyond: Christian Memorial Traditions in the longue durée | 95 —Pierluigi Piovanelli 6 Jesus at School among Christians, Jews, and Muslims | 111 —Cornelia Horn 7 Nag Hammadi, Gnosticism, Apocrypha: Bridging Disciplinary Divides | 132 —Nicola Denzey Lewis 8 Canon Formation: Why and Where Scholars Disagree | 145 —Lee Martin McDonald 9 Apocryphal Gospels and Historical Jesus Research: A Reassessment | 173 —Stephen J. Patterson 10 Apocryphal Gospels and Historical Jesus Research: A Response to Stephen Patterson | 186 —John S. Kloppenborg 11 Apocryphal Gospels and Historical Jesus Research: A Response to Stephen Patterson | 192 —Mark Goodacre 12 The Distinctive Sayings of Jesus Shared by Justin and the Pseudo-Clementines | 200 —F. Stanley Jones 13 The Tiburtine Sibyl, the Last Emperor, and the Early Byzantine Apocalyptic Tradition | 218 —Stephen J. Shoemaker 14 Confused Traditions? Peter and Paul in the Apocryphal Acts | 245 —David L. Eastman 15 Digital Humanities and the Study of Christian Apocrypha: Resources, Prospects and Problems | 270 —Kristian S. Heal Appendix—Select Digital Humanities Resources | 279 16 Conversions of Paul: Comparing Acts and Acts of Paul | 282 —Glenn E. Snyder Bibliography | 303 Ancient Texts Index | 345 Subject Index | 359 Modern Authors Index | 363 Illustrations and Tables Figure 1: The standard iconography of Peter (left) and bald Paul (right). Vatican Museums inv. 60768. Photograph by David Eastman. | 266 Figure 2: Peter and Paul presented as the nearly-indistinguishable apos- tolic twins. Vatican Museums inv. 60798. Photograph by David Eastman. | 267 Figure 3: Peter and Paul as mirror images of each other. Vatican Museums inv. 60798. Photograph by David Eastman. | 267 Figure 4: Traditional apostolic iconography but with Peter and Paul reversed. Vatican Museums inv. 60717. Photograph by David Eastman. | 268 Table 1. Conversion Stories in Acts | 284 Table 2. The House of Judas in Damascus | 290 ix