Thinking English Translation Thinking English Translation: Analysing and Translating English Source Texts is a practical guide to analysing and translating English source texts. Chapter 1 focuses on pre-translation analysis where students are guided to consider the features of a variety of English texts and the various implications for translation into other languages. Chapter 2 onwards examines language variety in English in more detail and provides strategies for dealing with translation challenges in a wide range of text types. Thinking English Translation: Analysing and Translating English Source Texts gives students a framework for a better understanding of how to approach source texts in order to tackle translation assignments, whether in class or in the workplace, with confidence. Stella Cragie, a Qualified Member of the Institute of Translation and Interpreting, and former Principal Lecturer in Translation at the University of Westminster, is now a freelance translator. Ann Pattison is a former Senior Lecturer in Translation at the University of Westminster and now works as a freelance translator, editor and writer. Titles of related interest Thinking Italian Translation A Course in Translation Method: Italian to English Stella Cragie, Ian Higgins, Sándor Hervey and Patrizia Gambarotta Russian Translation Theory and Practice Edna Andrews and Elena Maksimova Routledge Course in Japanese Translation Yoko Hasegawa Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies Second Edition Mona Baker and Gabriela Saldanha Arabic-English-Arabic Legal Translation Hanem El-Farahaty In Other Words A Coursebook on Translation Mona Baker Becoming a Translator An Accelerated Course Douglas Robinson The Scandals of Translation Lawrence Venuti Translation Studies Susan Bassnett https://www.routledge.com/Thinking-Translation/book-series/SE0006 Thinking English Translation Analysing and Translating English Source Texts Stella Cragie and Ann Pattison First published 2018 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2018 Stella Cragie and Ann Pattison The right of Stella Cragie and Ann Pattison to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN: 978-1-138-71394-9 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-138-71403-8(pbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-22947-8 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman by Swales & Willis Ltd, Exeter, Devon, UK Contents Acknowledgements vii Introduction 1 1 Pre-translation analysis: criteria and features 3 Levels of reading 3 Pre-translation analysis criteria 8 Pre-translation analysis table: stage one 39 2 English as a source language 41 Introduction 41 Language variety 41 Text comparison 42 Language quality 50 A changing linguistic landscape 51 Tenses and timeframes 53 Punctuation 54 Ambiguity 55 Culture and context 57 Translation strategies 63 Conclusion 72 3 Sample analyses 73 Introduction 73 Pre-translation table: stage two 74 Samples of full analysis 75 Text 1: Fiction 75 Text 2: Obituary 78 vi Contents Text 3: Legal website 80 Text 4: Newspaper article 82 Text 5: Extract from an agricultural science webpage 84 Fast-track analyses 86 4 Sample translations 90 Introduction 90 Text 1: Non-fiction (Tourism) – English into Arabic 91 Texts 2A and 2B: Non-fiction (Cookery) 93 Text 3: Business (Emerging markets) – English into Arabic 96 Text 4: Business (Tourism industry) – English into Spanish 99 Text 5: Institutional (Administration) – English into Chinese 101 Text 6: Institutional (Government) – English into French 103 Text 7: Science (Biology) – English into Russian 105 Text 8: Technology (Robotic cars) – English into Chinese 109 Text 9: Fiction (Historical) – English into French 111 Text 10: Fiction (Literary) – English into Russian 113 Conclusion 116 Glossary 118 Bibliography 125 Index 129 Acknowledgements The authors and publisher would like to thank the following translators and institutions for their invaluable contributions to Chapter 4 (annotated translations): Dr Fouad Abdelrazek (City University, London), Lucy-Jane Collard (Senior Lecturer, Department of Modern Languages and Cultures, University of Westminster), Hsin-Jung Chung (Lecturer in Translation and Interpreting, University of Westminster), Philippe Galinier (MCIL, MITI), Dr Elsa Huertos- Barros (Lecturer in Translation Studies, University of Westminster), Susanne James (MA, MCIL, FHEA), Dr Jacqueline Lam-McArthur (FCIL), Gloria Meneses Gonzalez (MCIL, MITI), Florence Mitchell (FITI), Evelyn Reisinger MA, MSc, Dip.Trans. (Lecturer, City University, London), Associate Professor Natalia Sigareva (Department of Translation and Interpreting Studies, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St Petersburg), Associate Professor Dr Tatiana Yudina (Head of the Department of Translation and Interpreting Studies, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St Petersburg), and the authors Jane Davis and Alison Weir. Our grateful thanks also go to Ian Higgins and other contributors to the Thinking Translation series, as an inspiration and starting point for this book. Introduction Thinking English Translation: Analysing and Translating English Source Texts provides a practical approach to the analysis of – and translation from – English. More specifically, this book is designed for use on translation courses for advanced undergraduates and for postgraduates, and as a resource for anyone with an inter- est in translation, including educators and translator trainers. The principal aim of the book is to create a framework for a better understand- ing of the (English) source text (or ST), i.e. the text requiring translation, and to encourage aspiring translators to think more carefully about the significance of the ST for translation, whether in a class context, or through independent study. Chapter 1 establishes a framework for pre-translation analysis of the ST, by exploring criteria and features of English texts, and considers a variety of impli- cations for translation from English into other languages. Reference is also made to certain translation theories, the application of which helps the translator to develop analytical and practical skills. However, we do not aim to provide a spe- cific methodology or theoretical framework for translation. The working tool for ST analysis is not language-specific, and can be used for any source language (SL) or target language (TL) combination. The importance of reading skills, gisting and summarising as tools for text analysis is also explored. Chapter 2 deals specifically with language variety and quality in English, explains the importance of culture and context, and demonstrates how to develop strategies for tackling translation challenges in a wide range of situations and text types. Chapter 3 provides samples of pre-translation analysis using a range of text types, while Chapter 4 offers a series of translations from English into five world languages (Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish, which – with English – form the six working languages of the United Nations). The translations are accompanied by annotations showing how analytical tools can help the translator evaluate and tackle translation challenges, and complement the text discussions and analyses we provide. Designed to be practical, Thinking English Translation can be used to sup- port a range of translation teaching methods and materials in a higher education or independent learning context. The book originates from a perceived need