Titelei_Eng_Bd3.indd 1 09.07.2009 12:19:35Uhr Titelei_Eng_Bd3.indd 2 09.07.2009 12:19:54Uhr Head and Neuroanatomy THIEME Atlas of Anatomy Consulting Editors Lawrence M. Ross, M.D., Ph.D., DepartmentofNeurobiologyandAnatomy UniversityofTexasMedicalSchoolatHouston Edward D. Lamperti, Ph.D., ImmuneDiseaseInstituteand HarvardMedicalSchool Ethan Taub, M.D. NeurosurgeryDepartmentUniversityHospital,Basel Authors Michael Schuenke, M.D., Ph.D., InstituteofAnatomyChristianAlbrechtUniversityKiel Erik Schulte, M.D., DepartmentofAnatomyandCellBiology JohannesGutenbergUniversity Udo Schumacher, M.D., FRCPath,CBiol,FIBiol,DSc, InstituteofAnatomyII:ExperimentalMorphology CenterforExperimentalMedicine UniversityMedicalCenterHamburg-Eppendorf In collaboration with Juergen Rude Illustrations by Markus Voll Karl Wesker 1182Illustrations 72Tables Thieme Stuttgart · New York Titelei_Eng_Bd3.indd 3 10.07.2009 9:56:41Uhr LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataisavailablefromthe Important note: Medicine is an ever-changing science undergoing publisher. continualdevelopment.Researchandclinicalexperiencearecontinu- allyexpandingourknowledge,inparticularourknowledgeofproper ThisbookisanauthorizedandrevisedtranslationoftheGerman treatmentanddrugtherapy.Insofarasthisbookmentionsanydosage editionpublishedandcopyrighted2006byGeorgThiemeVerlag, orapplication,readersmayrestassuredthattheauthors,editors,and Stuttgart,Germany.TitleoftheGermanedition:Schuenkeetal.: publishershavemadeeveryefforttoensurethatsuchreferencesarein KopfundNeuroanatomie:PrometheusLernatlasderAnatomie. accordancewiththestateofknowledgeatthetimeofproductionof thebook. Nevertheless, this does not involve, imply, or express any guarantee Illustrators orresponsibilityonthepartofthepublishersinrespecttoanydosage MarkusVoll,Fürstenfeldbruck,Germany; instructionsandformsofapplicationsstatedinthebook.Everyuseris KarlWesker,Berlin,Germany(homepage:www.karlwesker.de) requestedtoexaminecarefullythemanufacturer’s leafletsaccompa- nyingeachdrugandtocheck,ifnecessaryinconsultationwithaphy- Translator sicianorspecialist,whetherthedosageschedulesmentionedtherein TerryTelger,FortWorth,Texas,USA or the contraindications stated by the manufacturers differ from the statementsmadeinthepresentbook.Suchexaminationisparticularly important with drugs that are either rarely used or have been newly releasedonthemarket.Everydosagescheduleoreveryformofapplica- tionusedisentirelyattheuser’sownriskandresponsibility.Theauthors andpublishersrequesteveryusertoreporttothepublishersanydis- crepanciesorinaccuraciesnoticed.Iferrorsinthisworkarefoundafter publication,erratawillbepostedatwww.thieme.comontheproduct descriptionpage. ©correctedreprint2010 GeorgThiemeVerlag Rüdigerstraße14 D-70469Stuttgart Germany http://www.thieme.de ThiemeNewYork,333SeventhAvenue, NewYork,NY10001,USA http://www.thieme.com Typesettingbyweyhingdigital,Ostfildern-Kemnat Someoftheproductnames,patents,andregistereddesignsreferred PrintedinChinabyEverbestPrintingLtd,HongKong tointhisbookareinfactregisteredtrademarksorproprietarynames even though specific reference to this fact is not always made in the text.Therefore,theappearanceofanamewithoutdesignationaspro- PlusVersion–includesonlineaccesstoWinkingSkull.comPLUS prietaryisnottobeconstruedasarepresentationbythepublisherthat itisinthepublicdomain. Thisbook,includingallpartsthereof,islegallyprotectedbycopyright. Softcover Anyuse,exploitation,orcommercializationoutsidethenarrowlimits ISBN978-1-60406-290-8 setbycopyrightlegislation,withoutthepublisher’sconsent,isillegal andliabletoprosecution.Thisappliesinparticulartophotostatrepro- Hardcover duction,copying,mimeographing,preparationofmicrofilms,andelec- ISBN978-1-60406-296-0 tronicdataprocessingandstorage. 123456 Titelei_Eng_Bd3.indd 4 15.07.2009 9:54:39Uhr Foreword Preface OurenthusiasmfortheTHIEMEAtlasofAnatomybeganwheneachofus, AsitstartedplanningthisAtlas,thepublishersoughtouttheopinions independently,sawpreliminarymaterialfromthisAtlas.Wewereimme- and needs of students and lecturers in both the United States and diatelycaptivatedbythenewapproach,theconceptualorganization, Europe. The goal was to find out what the “ideal” atlas of anatomy andbythestunningqualityanddetailoftheimagesoftheAtlas.We shouldbe—idealforstudentswantingtolearnfromtheatlas,master weredelightedwhentheeditorsatThiemeofferedustheoppertunity theextensiveamountsofinformationwhileonabusyclassschedule, tocooperatewiththeminmakingthisoutstandingresourceavailableto and,intheprocess,acquiresound,up-to-dateknowledge.Theresultof ourstudentsandcolleaguesinNorthAmerica. thisworkisthisAtlas.TheTHIEMEAtlasofAnatomy,unlikemostother atlases,isacomprehensiveeducationaltoolthatcombinesillustrations Asconsultingeditorswewereaskedtoreview,foraccuracy,theEnglish with explanatory text and summarizing tables, introducing clinical editionoftheTHIEMEAtlasofAnatomy.Ourworkinvolvedaconver- applications throughout, and presenting anatomical concepts in a sionofnomenclaturetotermsincommonusageandsomeorganiza- step-by-stepsequencethatallowsfortheintegrationofbothsystem- tionalchangestoreflectpedagogicalapproachesinanatomyprograms by-systemandtopographicalviews. inNorthAmerica.Inallofthis,wehavetrieddiligentlytoremainfaithful totheintentionsandinsightsoftheoriginalauthors. SincetheTHIEMEAtlasofAnatomyisbasedonafreshapproachtothe underlying subject matter itself, it was necessary to create for it an We would like to thank the team at Thieme Medical Publishers who entirelynewsetofillustrations—ataskthattookeightyears.Ourgoal workedwithus.HeartfeltthanksgofirtsttoKellyWright,Developmen- was to provide illustrations that would compellingly demonstrate talEditor,andCathrinE.Schulz,M.D.,ExecutiveEditor,forherassistance anatomicalrelationsandconcepts,revealingtheunderlyingsimplicity andcheckingandcorrectingourworkandfortheirconstantencour- ofthelogicandorderofhumananatomywithoutsacrificingdetailor agement and availability. We are also grateful to Bridget Queenan, aesthetics. DevelopmentalEditor,whoprovidedauniquelythorough,thoughtful, andcooperativeapproachfromthemomentsheenteredtheprocessin With the THIEME Atlas of Anatomy, it was our intention to create an theeditingofthisvolume. atlas that would guide students in their initial study of anatomy, stimulate their enthusiasm for this intriguing and vitally important WewouldalsoliketoextendourheartfeltthankstoStefanieLangner, subject, and provide a reliable reference for experienced students ProductionManager,forpreparingthisvolumewithcareandspeed. andprofessionalsalike. LawrenceM.Ross, “Ifyouwanttoattainthepossible,youmustattempttheimpossible” EdwardD.Lamperti (RabindranathTagore). EthanTaub MichaelSchünke,ErikSchulte,UdoSchumacher, MarkusVoll,andKarlWesker Titelei_Eng_Bd3.indd 5 09.07.2009 12:19:59Uhr Titelei_Eng_Bd3.indd 6 09.07.2009 12:20:00Uhr Acknowledgments Firstwewishtothankourfamilies.Thisatlasisdedicatedtothem. WearegratefultoAntjeBühl,whowastherefromthebeginningasproj- ectassistant,working“behindthescenes”onnumeroustaskssuchas WealsothankProf.ReinhardGossrau,M.D.,forhiscriticalcomments repeatedproofreadingandhelpingtoarrangethefigurelabels. andsuggestions.Wearegratefultoseveralcolleagueswhorendered valuablehelpinproofreading:Mrs.GabrieleSchünke,JakobFay,M.D., WeoweagreatdeptofthankstoMartinSpencker,ManagingDirector Ms.ClaudiaDücker,Ms.SiminRassouli,Ms.HeinkeTeichmann,andMs. ofEducationalPublicationsatThieme,especiallytohisabilitytomake SylviaZilles.WearealsogratefultoDr.JuliaJürns-Kuhnkeforhelping quick and unconventional decisions when dealing with problems and withthefigurelabels. uncertainties.Hisopennesstoalltheconcernsoftheauthorsandart- istsestablishedconditionsforacooperativepartnership. WeextendspecialthankstoStephanieGayandBertSender,whocom- posedthelayouts.Theirabilitytoarrangethetextandillustrationson Without exception, our collaboration with the entire staff at Thieme facingpagesformaximumclarityhascontributedgreatlytothequality MedicalPublisherswasconsistentlypleasantandcordial.Unfortunately oftheAtlas. wedonothaveroomtolisteveryonewhohelpedinthepublicationof thisatlas,andwemustlimitouracknowledgmentstoafewcolleagues Weparticularlyacknowledgetheeffortsofthosewhohandledthisproj- whomadeaparticularlynotablecontribution:RainerZepfandMartin ectonthepublishingside: Waletzko for support in all technical matters; Susanne Tochtermann- WenzelandManfredLehnert,representingallthosewhowereinvolved JürgenLüthje,M.D.,Ph.D.,executiveeditoratThiemeMedicalPublish- intheproductionofthebook;AlmutLeopoldfortheIndex;Marie-Luise ers, has “made the impossible possible.” He not only reconciled the Kürschnerandherteamforcreatingthecoverdesign;toBirgitCarlsen wishesoftheauthorsandartistswiththedemandsofrealitybutalso andAnneDöbler,representingallthosewhohandledmarketing,sales, managedtokeepateamoffivepeopleworkingtogetherforyearsona andpromotion. projectwhosegoalwasknowntousfromthebeginningbutwhosefull dimensionswecametoappreciateonlyovertime.Heisdeservingof TheAuthors ourmostsincereandheartfeltthanks. Sabine Bartl, developmental editor, becamea touchstone for the au- thorsinthebestsenseoftheword.Shewasabletodeterminewhether abeginningstudent,andthusonewhoisnot(yet)aprofessional,could clearly appreciate the logic of the presentation. The authors are in- debtedtoher. Titelei_Eng_Bd3.indd 7 09.07.2009 12:20:00Uhr To access additional material or resources available with this e-book, please visit http://www.thieme.com/bonuscontent. After completing a short form to verify your e-book purchase, you will be provided with the instructions and access codes necessary to retrieve any bonus content. Titelei_Eng_Bd3.indd 8 09.07.2009 12:20:00Uhr Table of Contents Head 1 CranialBones 4 CranialNerves 1.1 Skull,LateralView .................................... 2 4.1 OverviewoftheCranialNerves ........................ 66 1.2 Skull,AnteriorView................................... 4 4.2 CranialNerves:BrainstemNucleiandPeripheralGanglia... 68 1.3 Skull,PosteriorViewandCranialSutures................. 6 4.3 CranialNerves:Olfactory(CNI)andOptic(CNII)......... 70 1.4 ExteriorandInterioroftheCalvaria...................... 8 4.4 CranialNervesoftheExtraocularMuscles: 1.5 BaseoftheSkull,ExternalView........................ 10 Oculomotor(CNIII),Trochlear(CNIV), 1.6 BaseoftheSkull,InternalView ........................ 12 andAbducent(CNVI)............................... 72 1.7 Orbit: BonesandOpeningsforNeurovascularStructures.. 14 4.5 CranialNerves:Trigeminal(CNV),NucleiandDistribution. 74 1.8 OrbitandNeighboringStructures...................... 16 4.6 CranialNerves:Trigeminal(CNV),Divisions ............. 76 1.9 Nose:NasalSkeleton................................. 18 4.7 CranialNerves:Facial(CNVII),NucleiandDistribution .... 78 1.10 Nose:ParanasalSinuses............................... 20 4.8 CranialNerves:Facial(CNVII),Branches................. 80 1.11 TemporalBone...................................... 22 4.9 CranialNerves:Vestibulocochlear(CNVIII).............. 82 1.12 SphenoidBone...................................... 24 4.10 CranialNerves:Glossopharyngeal(CNIX)............... 84 1.13 OccipitalBoneandEthmoidBones..................... 26 4.11 CranialNerves:Vagus(CNX).......................... 86 1.14 HardPalate......................................... 28 4.12 CranialNerves:Accessory(CNXI)and 1.15 MandibleandHyoidBone............................. 30 Hypoglossal(CNXIII) ............................... 88 1.16 TemporomandibularJoint............................. 32 4.13 NeurovascularPathwaysthroughtheBaseoftheSkull, 1.17 TemporomandibularJoint,Biomechanics ............... 34 Synopsis.......................................... 90 1.18 TheTeethinsitu..................................... 36 1.19 PermanentTeethandtheDentalPanoramicTomogram... 38 5 TopographicalAnatomy 1.20 IndividualTeeth..................................... 40 1.21 DeciduousTeeth .................................... 42 5.1 Face:NervesandVessels.............................. 92 5.2 Head,LateralView:SuperficialLayer.................... 94 5.3 Head,LateralView:MiddleandDeepLayers............. 96 2 MusclesoftheHead 5.4 InfratemporalFossa.................................. 98 2.1 MusclesofFacialExpression,Overview.................. 44 5.5 PterygopalatineFossa...............................100 2.2 MusclesofFacialExpression,Actions ................... 46 2.3 MusclesofMastication,OverviewandSuperficialMuscles. 48 6 OralCavity 2.4 MusclesofMastication,DeepMuscles.................. 50 2.5 MusclesoftheHead,OriginsandInsertions ............. 52 6.1 OralCavity,Overview ...............................102 6.2 Tongue:MusclesandMucosa.........................104 6.3 Tongue:NeurovascularStructuresandLymphatic 3 BloodVesselsoftheHeadandNeck Drainage.........................................106 3.1 ArteriesoftheHead,Overviewand 6.4 OralFloor..........................................108 ExternalCarotidArtery.............................. 54 6.5 OralCavity:PharynxandTonsils ......................110 3.2 ExternalCarotidArtery:Anterior, 6.6 SalivaryGlands.....................................112 Medial,andPosteriorBranches....................... 56 3.3 ExternalCarotidArtery:TerminalBranches.............. 58 7 Nose 3.4 InternalCarotidArtery: BranchestoExtracerebralStructures.................. 60 7.1 Nose,Overview ....................................114 3.5 VeinsoftheHeadandNeck:SuperficialVeins............ 62 7.2 NasalCavity:NeurovascularSupply....................116 3.6 VeinsoftheHeadandNeck:DeepVeins ................ 64 7.3 NoseandParanasalSinuses,Histologyand ClinicalAnatomy..................................118 IX Titelei_Eng_Bd3.indd 9 09.07.2009 12:20:00Uhr