J. H. Whitelaw, F. Payri, C. Arcoumanis, J. M. Desantes (Eds.) Thermo- and Fluid Dynamic Processes in Diesel Engines 2 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH ONLINE LIBRARY Engineering springeronline.com J. H. Whitelaw • F. Payri • C. Arcoumanis J. M. Desantes (Eds.) Thermo- and Fluid Dynamic Processes in Diesel Engines 2 SELECTED PAPERS FROM THE THIESEL 2002 CONFERENCE, VALENCIA, SPAIN, 11-13 SEPTEMBER 2002 With 150 Figures Springer PROFESSOR J. H. WHITELAW PROFESSOR F. PAYRI Imperial College of Science Technology CMT-Motores Termicos and Medicine Universidad Politecnica de Valencia Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Camino de Vera sIn Exhibition Road 46022 Valencia London SW7 2Bx Spain United Kingdom [email protected] j. [email protected] PROFESSOR J. M. DESANTES PROFESSOR C. ARCOUMANIS CMT-Motores Termicos School of Engineering Universidad Politecnica de Valencia City University Camino de Vera sIn lO6 Bunhill Row 46022 Valencia London, ECI Y 8TZ Spain United Kingdom [email protected] c. [email protected] Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication-Data THIESEL 2002 Conference (2002 : Valencia, Spain) Thermo-and fluid dynamic processes in Diesel engines 2: selected papers from the THIESEL 2002 Conference Valencia, Spain, September 11-13,20021 J.H. Whitelaw ... ret al.l (eds.) p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-3-642-05771-7 ISBN 978-3-662-10502-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-10502-3 1. Diesel motor--Congresses. 2. Heat--Transmission --Congresses. 3. Fluid dynamics--Congresses. r. Whitelaw, James H. II. Title. TJ795.A1.T482002 621.43'6--dc22 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitations, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Dupli cation of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. springeronline.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2004 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1St edition 2004 The use of general descriptive names, registered names trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Data delivered by editors Cover design: deblik Berlin Printed on acid free paper 62/3020/M -5 4 3 2 1 0 En souvenir de Michel Thelliez Preface This is the second book edited with a selection of papers from the two-yearly THIESEL Conference on Thermo- and Fluid Dynamic Processes in Diesel Engines, organised by CMT-Mvtores Termicos of the Universidad Po/itecnica de Valencia, Spain. This volume includes versions of papers selected from those presented at the THIESEL 2002 Conference held on lOth to 13th September 2002. We hope it will be the second volume of a long series reflecting the quality of the THIESEL Conference. This year, the papers are grouped in six main thematic areas: State of the Art and Prospective, Injection Systems and Spray Formation, Combustion and Emissions, Engine Modelling, Alternative Combustion Concepts and Experimental Techniques. The actual conference covered a wider scope of topics, including Air Management and Fuels for Diesel Engines and a couple of papers included reflect this variety. However, the selection of papers published here represents the most current preoccupations of Diesel engine designers, namely how to improve the combustion process using new injection strategies and alternative concepts such as the Homogeneous Charge Combustion Ignition. The appeal of the THIESEL conference owes much to its philosophy of bringing together ideas and experience from Industry and Universities. The interchange of information is essential to promote discussion of future research and identify developmcnt needs. The selected technical papers are contributions from both points of view, Industry and Academia, and prove, we hope, that progress in facing the major challenges set by the strict emission regulations is possible ifboth sources work hand in hand. We hereby wish to acknowledge the valuable contribution of all those who worked for the success of the Conference, and particularly the members of the Advisory and Scientific Committee who kindly offered their time and experience to review the technical papers, for both the Conference and this book. We are also grateful to the Conference participants for their interest, their presentations and their contributions to the many discussions. Finally, we would like to thank the people involved in the making of this book, thc authors, the Conference Coordinator, and most particularly Elena Lerma who spent many hours formatting, shaping and checking the final manuscript. The Editors The Conference benefited from financial support from the organisations listed below and we are glad to have this opportunity to record our gratitude. SPONSORING ORGANISATIONS Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Instituto de Transporte y Material M6vil (Organismo Publico Valenciano de Investigaci6n), CMT Motores Termicos, Generalitat Valenciana, Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia, ASEPA and all the exhibitors at the Conference. Authors Index Amouroux, J. 161 Lortet, D. 177 Araneo, L. 367 Mahr,B. 3 Arcoumanis, C. 31 Marant, V. 351 Armas, O. 487 Mariani, F. 61 Ballesteros, R. 487 Megerle, M. 133 Beauge, Y. 351 Miao,H. 439 Binder, K. 19 Michon, S. 177 Binder, K.B. 257 Miles, P.c. 133 Blokkeel, G. 87 Min,K. 475 Borghi, R. 87 Miwa,K. 423 Brandstatter, W. 235 Moriyoshi, Y. 49 Broatch, A. 351 Milller, E. 383 Choi, Y. S. 31 Nagel, Z. 133 Coghe, A. 367 Oelschlegel, H. 285 Daudel, H. 285 Pajot, O. 461 Dehoux, S. 313 Pariotis, E.G. 257 Demoulin, F. X. 87 Pickett, L. M. 109 Gartner, U. 285 Postrioti, L. 61 Gastaldi, P. 313 Prenninger, P. 235 Gavaises, M. 31 Reitz, R.D. 133 Goda,E. 423 Reitz, R.D. 327 Groenendijk, A. 383 Ricaud, J.c. 199 Guibert, P. 161 Roth, H. 31 Hernandez, J.J. 487 Schwarz, V. 19 Hessel, R.P. 327 Schwarz, V. 257 Hiroyasu, H. 439 Seki,H. 49 Hohenberg, G. 285 Sick, V. 133 Hountalas,D.T. 257 Siebers, D. L. 109 Kamimoto, T. 49 Tardieu de Maleissye, J. 161 Kidoguchi, Y. 423 Theodorakakos, A. 31 Kim,M. 475 Torregrosa, A. 351 Kim, Y. 475 Truant, M. 313 Kohama, T. 49 Trueba, A. 461 Kouremenos, D.A. 257 Ubertini, S. 61 Lai, M.-C. 133 Wassermayr, C. 235 Lapuerta, M. 487 Yamamoto, Y. 49 Lavoisier, F. 199 Yanagihara, H. 403 Le Moyne, L. 161 Yeom, J. 475 Lejeune, M. 177 Liu, Y. 133 Lombaert, K. 161 Table of Contents Chapter 1 State-of-the-art and prospective Future and Potential of Diesel Injection Systems B. Mahr. .................................................................................. 3 Present and Future of Heavy Duty Engines Strategies for Compliance to the Emission Legislation K. Binder, V. Schwarz ................................................................ 19 Chapter 2 Injection systems and spray formation Nozzle flow and spray characteristics from VCO diesel injector nozzles M. Gavaises, C. Arcoumanis, H. Roth, Y.S. Choi, A. Theodorakakos ......... 31 Development of a Transient Hydrogen Jet in a High-Swirl Constant Volume Chamber T. Kamimoto, T. Kohama, H. Seki, Y. Yamamoto, Y. Moriyoshi .............. .49 Experimental Validation of a Spray Breakup and Fuel Evaporation Models in High Pressure Ambient Conditions S. Ubertini, F. Mariani, L. Postrioti ................................................. 61 Modeling of Two-Phase Flows: An Eulerian Model for Diesel Injection G. Blokkeel, F. X. Demoulin, R. Borghi .......................................... 87 X Table of Contents Chapter 3 Combustion and Emissions Injection Pressure and Orifice Diameter Effects on Soot in DI Diesel Fuel Jets D. L. Siebers, L. M. Pickett ....................................................... 10 9 The Influence of Swirl and Injection Pressure on Post-Combustion Turbulence in a HSDI Diesel Engine P. C. Miles, M. Megerie, Z. Nagel, Y. Liu, R. D. Reitz, M.-C. Lai, v. Sick .................................................................................. 133 Benefits of Water-Fuel Emulsion on Automotive Diesel Exhaust Emissions K. Lombaert, L. Le Moyne, P. Guibert, 1. Tardieu de Maleissye, 1. Amouroux ......................................................................... 161 Combustion Development of Euro 4 Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines M. Lejeune, D. Lortet, S. Michon .................................................. 177 Optimizing the Multiple Injection Settings on a HSDI Diesel Engine J. C. Ricaud, F. Lavoisier. ............................................................. 199 An Integrated Approach for the Design of Diesel Engine Exhaust Systems to meet Euro 4 and beyond Emissions Legislations C. Wassermayr, W. Brandstatter, P. Prenninger. ................................ 235 Chapter 4 Engine Modelling Investigation Concerning the Effect of Post Fuel Injection on the Performance and Pollutants of Heavy Duty Diesel Engines Using a MuIti Zone Combustion Model D. T. Hountalas, D. A. Kouremenos, E. G. Pariotis, V. Schwarz, K. B.Binder. ......................................................................... 257 Development and Application of a Semi-Empirical NOx Model to Various HD Diesel Engines U. Gartner, G. Hohenberg, H. Daudel, H. Oelschlegel. ....................... 285 Table of Contents XI CFD for Combustion Chamber Development: Influence of Valve Pockets on the Combustion Process M. Truant, S. Dehoux, P. Gastaldi ................................................ 313 Optimization of IC Engine Design for Reduced Emissions Using CFD Modeling R. D. Reitz, R. P. HesseL ........................................................... 327 Analysis of Combustion Chamber Resonance in DI Automotive Diesel Engines A. Torregrosa, A. Broatch, V. Marant, Y. Beauge .............................. 351 Chapter 5 New Combustion Concepts Effect of Injection Conditions on Penetration and Drop Size of HCCI Diesel Sprays L. Araneo, A. Coghe ................................................................ 367 Mixture Formation and Combustion Control for Low Emission DI Diesel Combustion with HCCI-Characteristics A. Groenendijk, E. MUller. ...................................................................... .383 A Study on Combustion Structure of Premixed Compression Ignition Diesel Engines H. Yanagihara ....................................................................... .403 Effect of Stratified Rich and High Turbulence Combustion on the Reduction of NOx and Particulate Emissions from a DI Diesel Engine Y. Kidoguchi, K. Miwa, E. Goda ................................................................ .423