Theological Anthropology, 500 Years after Martin Luther Studies in Systematic Theology Edited by Jim Fodor (St. Bonaventure University, NY, USA) Susannah Ticciati (King’s College London, UK) Editorial Board Trond Skard Dokka (University of Oslo, Norway) Junius Johnson (Baylor University, USA) Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen (Fuller Theological Seminary, USA) Rachel Muers (University of Leeds, UK) Eugene Rogers (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA) Katherine Sonderegger (Virginia Theological Seminary, USA) volume 25 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/sist Theological Anthropology, 500 Years after Martin Luther Orthodox and Protestant Perspectives By Christophe Chalamet Konstantinos Delikostantis Job Getcha Elisabeth Parmentier LEIDEN | BOSTON Cover illustration: The Harrowing of Hell by Fra Angelico. Part of the frescos at the San Marco convent in Florence. The image is in public domain. Chapter 3, ‘In the Image and Likeness’ by Kallistos Ware was originally published in John T. Chirban, Personhood. Orthodox Christianity and the Connection Between Body, Mind, and Soul (Westport: Bergin & Garvey, 1996), 1–13. Reprinted with minor revisions and kind permission from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Chalamet, Christophe, editor. | Delikostantis, Konstantinos, 1948–  editor. | Getcha, Job, Archbishop, editor. | Parmentier, Élisabeth,  1961– editor. Title: Theological anthropology, 500 years after Martin Luther : orthodox  and protestant perspectives / by Christophe Chalamet, Konstantinos  Delikostantis, Job Getcha, Elisabeth Parmentier, [editors]. Other titles: Theological anthropology, five hundred years after Martin  Luther Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2021. | Series: Studies in systematic  theology, 1876-1518 ; volume 25 | Includes bibliographical references  and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2021019774 (print) | LCCN 2021019775 (ebook) |  ISBN 9789004461246 (paperback) | ISBN 9789004461253 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Theological anthropology—Christianity. | Protestant  churches—Doctrines. | Orthodox Eastern Church—Doctrines. Classification: LCC BT701.3 .T445 2021 (print) | LCC BT701.3 (ebook) |  DDC 233—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021019774 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021019775 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1876-1518 isbn 978-90-04-46124-6 (paperback) isbn 978-90-04-46125-3 (e-book) Copyright 2021 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands, except where stated otherwise. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Hotei, Brill Schöningh, Brill Fink, Brill mentis, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Böhlau Verlag and V&R Unipress. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Requests for re-use and/or translations must be addressed to Koninklijke Brill nv via brill.com or copyright.com. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. Contents Abbreviations ix Notes on Contributors x Editors’ Introduction xv Message of His All-Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew xli Greeting of Rev. Dr. Martin Junge to the Participants xliv part 1 1 Sola Fide: A Hermeneutical Approach 3 John Zizioulas part 2 2 Imago Dei: God’s Grace and Distance Perspectives for a Lutheran-Orthodox Dialogue 19 Beate Bengard 3 “In the Image and Likeness”: The Uniqueness of the Human Person 48 Kallistos Ware part 3 4 Sin and the Bondage of the Will 67 Christophe Chalamet 5 Sin, Freedom and Free Will: Hermeneutical Conditions of Anthropology in the Orthodox Tradition and Luther 80 Stavros Yangazoglou vi Contents part 4 6 Luther’s Conception of Christian Freedom: Orthodox Insights 101 Konstantinos Delikostantis 7 Martin Luther: Unexpected Dimensions of Freedom 112 Hans-Christoph Askani part 5 8 Faith and Justification in Luther’s Anthropology from a Protestant Point of View 141 Henning Theißen 9 Faith and Justification 161 Jack Khalil part 6 10 Justification or Deification? Luther’s Soteriology in an Ecumenical Perspective 185 Reinhard Flogaus 11 Theosis in an Orthodox and Lutheran Perspective 216 Job Getcha part 7 12 Luther and the Christian’s Political Commitment 229 Marc Vial 13 Theosis and Politics: Lutheran and Orthodox Approaches 242 Aristotle Papanikolaou Contents vii part 8 14 The Paradoxical Way of Experiencing Faith through Spiritual Attack (Anfechtung – Tentatio) 255 Elisabeth Parmentier Bibliography 271 Index 291 Abbreviations aw Weimarer Ausgabe. Weimar edition of Luther’s work, Weimar, 1883– bslk Die Bekenntnisschriften der Evangelisch-Lutherischen Kirche, Göttingen, 10th ed. 1986 cr Philippi Melanthonis Opera quae supersunt omnia, Corpus Reformatorum csel Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum ekd Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland esv English Standard Version (Bible) kjv King James Version (Bible) lw Luther’s Work. Translation of M. Luther’s works, Fortress Press and Concordia Publishing. 1957– lxx Septuagint (Bible) niv New International Version (Bible) nkjv New King James Version (Bible) npnf Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church nrsv New Revised Standard Version (Bible) pg Patrologia Graeca pl Patrologia Latina sc Sources chrétiennes, Paris, éd. du Cerf spw Martin Luther, Selected Political Writings, ed. J.M. Porter, Philadelphia, Fortress Press, 1974. Notes on Contributors Hans-Christoph Askani is honorary professor of systematic theology at the University of Geneva’s Faculté de théologie. He studied Protestant theology, philosophy, and litera- ture in Tübingen, Zurich, Paris and Berlin. He has published extensively, on Rosenzweig, Kierkegaard, Heidegger, Ricœur, Levinas, as well as on many dif- ferent theological and philosophical topics. He is a member of the ecumenical Groupe des Dombes. His most recent book is titled: Le pari de la foi (Labor et Fides, 2019). Beate Bengard is professor of systematic theology at the University of Geneva’s Faculté de théologie. She has studied theology and French literature in Dresden, Leipzig, Lausanne and Paris and held post-doctoral positions in Paris, Greifswald and Basel. She completed her doctoral dissertation in 2014 with a thesis titled Réception et Reconnaissance. L’herméneutique œcuménique de Paul Ricœur à la lumière de processus œcuméniques actuels en France (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2015). She pursues research in the fields of hermeneutics and dogmatics with a focus on interreligious dialogue. Christophe Chalamet teaches systematic theology at the University of Geneva’s Faculté de théologie. He taught for 8 years at Fordham University, in New York City. He has pub- lished studies on 20th century Protestant theology and, most recently, A Most Excellent Way: An Essay on Faith, Hope, and Love (Fortress Academic-Lexington Books, 2020) and, as editor, The Challenge of History. Readings in Modern Theology (Fortress Press, 2020). Konstantinos Delikostantis studied at the Theological School of Halki (1970) before pursuing graduate studies at the University of Tübingen (ma, 1975; PhD in philosophy, 1980). In 1990 he became a professor of philosophy of religion at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Florina), and in 2001 at the Theological Faculty of the University of Athens (philosophy and systematic theology). He has published many articles and books, including Modern Humanitarianism (in German), The Ethos of Freedom (in Greek; Italian translation), Human Rights: Western Ideology or Universal Ethos (in Greek), Philosophical Anthropology (in Greek) and The Culture of Solidarity (in Greek). He has an abiding interest in