The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Yellow Fairy Book, by Leonora Blanche Alleyne Lang This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. Title: The Yellow Fairy Book Author: Leonora Blanche Alleyne Lang Editor: Andrew Lang Illustrator: Henry Justice Ford Release Date: March 12, 2009 [eBook #28314] [Most recently updated: July 8, 2021] Language: English Character set encoding: UTF-8 Produced by: David Edwards, David T. Jones and the Online Distributed Proofreading Canada Team Revised by Richard Tonsing. *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE YELLOW FAIRY BOOK *** THE YELLOW FAIRY BOOK WORKS BY ANDREW LANG. COCK LANE AND COMMON SENSE: a Series of Papers. Crown 8vo. 6s. 6d. net. BAN and ARRIÈRE BAN: a Rally of Fugitive Rhymes. Crown 8vo. 5s. net. ST. ANDREWS. With 8 Plates and 24 Illustrations in the Text by T. Hodge. 8vo. 15s. net. HOMER AND THE EPIC. Crown 8vo. 9s. net. CUSTOM AND MYTH: Studies of Early Usage and Belief. With 15 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d. BALLADS OF BOOKS. Edited by ANDREW LANG. Fcp. 8vo. 6s. LETTERS TO DEAD AUTHORS. Fcp. 8vo. 2s. 6d. net. BOOKS AND BOOKMEN. With 2 Coloured Plates and 17 Illustrations. Fcp. 8vo. 2s. 6d. net. OLD FRIENDS. Fcp. 8vo. 2s. 6d. net. LETTERS ON LITERATURE. Fcp. 8vo. 2s. 6d. net. GRASS OF PARNASSUS. Fcp. 8vo. 2s. 6d. net. ANGLING SKETCHES. With 20 Illustrations by W. G. Burn-Murdoch. Crown 8vo. 7s. 6d. THE BLUE FAIRY BOOK. Edited by ANDREW LANG. With 8 Plates and 130 Illustrations in the Text by H. J. Ford and G. P. Jacomb Hood. Crown 8vo. 6s. THE RED FAIRY BOOK. Edited by ANDREW LANG. With 4 Plates and 96 Illustrations in the Text by H. J. Ford and Lancelot Speed. Crown 8vo. 6s. THE GREEN FAIRY BOOK. Edited by ANDREW LANG. With 11 Plates and 88 Illustrations in the Text by H. J. Ford. Crown 8vo. 6s. THE BLUE POETRY BOOK. Edited by ANDREW LANG. With 12 Plates and 88 Illustrations in the Text by H. J. Ford and Lancelot Speed. Crown 8vo. 6s. SCHOOL EDITION, without Illustrations. Fcp. 8vo. 2s. 6d. SPECIAL EDITION, printed on Indian paper. With Notes, but without Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 7s. 6d. THE TRUE STORY BOOK. Edited by ANDREW LANG. With 8 Plates and 58 Illustrations in the Text by H. J. Ford, Lucien Davis, Lancelot Speed, and L. Bogle. Crown 8vo. 6s. London: LONGMANS, GREEN, & CO. New York: 15 East 16th Street. The Swineherd Takes the Ten Kisses THE Yellow Fairy Book EDITED BY ANDREW LANG WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS BY H. J. FORD LONDON LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. AND NEW YORK: 15 EAST 16th STREET 1894 All rights reserved Dedication TO JOAN, TODDLES, AND TINY Books Yellow, Red, and Green and Blue, All true, or just as good as true, And here’s the Yellow Book for you! Hard is the path from A to Z, And puzzling to a curly head, Yet leads to Books—Green, Blue, and Red For every child should understand That letters from the first were planned To guide us into Fairy Land So labour at your Alphabet, For by that learning shall you get To lands where Fairies may be met. And going where this pathway goes, You too, at last, may find, who knows? The Garden of the Singing Rose. PREFACE The Editor thinks that children will readily forgive him for publishing another Fairy Book. We have had the Blue, the Red, the Green, and here is the Yellow. If children are pleased, and they are so kind as to say that they are pleased, the Editor does not care very much for what other people may say. Now, there is one gentleman who seems to think that it is not quite right to print so many fairy tales, with pictures, and to publish them in red and blue covers. He is named Mr. G. Laurence Gomme, and he is president of a learned body called the Folk Lore Society. Once a year he makes his address to his subjects, of whom the Editor is one, and Mr. Joseph Jacobs (who has published many delightful fairy tales with pretty pictures)[1] is another. Fancy, then, the dismay of Mr. Jacobs, and of the Editor, when they heard their president say that he did not think it very nice in them to publish fairy books, above all, red, green, and blue fairy books! They said that they did not see any harm in it, and they were ready to ‘put themselves on their country,’ and be tried by a jury of children. And, indeed, they still see no harm in what they have done; nay, like Father William in the poem, they are ready ‘to do it again and again.’ Where is the harm? The truth is that the Folk Lore Society—made up of the most clever, learned, and beautiful men and women of the country—is fond of studying the history and geography of Fairy Land. This is contained in very old tales, such as country people tell, and savages: ‘Little Sioux and little Crow, Little frosty Eskimo.’ These people are thought to know most about fairyland and its inhabitants. But, in the Yellow Fairy Book, and the rest, are many tales by persons who are neither savages nor rustics, such as Madame D’Aulnoy and Herr Hans Christian Andersen. The Folk Lore Society, or its president, say that their tales are not so true as the rest, and should not be published with the rest. But we say that all the stories which are pleasant to read are quite true enough for us; so here they are, with pictures by Mr. Ford, and we do not think that either the pictures or the stories are likely to mislead children. As to whether there are really any fairies or not, that is a difficult question. Professor Huxley thinks there are none. The Editor never saw any himself, but he knows several people who have seen them—in the Highlands—and heard their music. If ever you are in Nether Lochaber, go to the Fairy Hill, and you may hear the music yourself, as grown-up people have done, but you must go on a fine day. Again, if there are really no fairies, why do people believe in them, all over the world? The ancient Greeks believed, so did the old Egyptians, and the Hindoos, and the Red Indians, and is it likely, if there are no fairies, that so many different peoples would have seen and heard them? The Rev. Mr. Baring- Gould saw several fairies when he was a boy, and was travelling in the land of the Troubadours. For these reasons, the Editor thinks that there are certainly fairies, but they never do anyone any harm; and, in England, they have been frightened away by smoke and schoolmasters. As to Giants, they have died out, but real Dwarfs are common in the forests of Africa. Probably a good many stories not perfectly true have been told about fairies, but such stories have also been told about Napoleon, Claverhouse, Julius Cæsar, and Joan of Arc, all of whom certainly existed. A wise child will, therefore, remember that, if he grows up and becomes a member of the Folk Lore Society, all the tales in this book were not offered to him as absolutely truthful, but were printed merely for his entertainment. The exact facts he can learn later, or he can leave them alone. There are Russian, German, French, Icelandic, Red Indian, and other stories here. They were translated by Miss Cheape, Miss Alma, and Miss Thyra Alleyne, Miss Sellar, Mr. Craigie (he did the Icelandic tales), Miss Blackley, Mrs. Dent, and Mrs. Lang, but the Red Indian stories are copied from English versions published by the Smithsonian Bureau of Ethnology, in America. Mr. Ford did the pictures, and it is hoped that children will find the book not less pleasing than those which have already been submitted to their consideration. The Editor cannot say ‘good-bye’ without advising them, as they pursue their studies, to read The Rose and the Ring, by the late Mr. Thackeray, with pictures by the author. This book he thinks quite indispensable in every child’s library, and parents should be urged to purchase it at the first opportunity, as without it no education is complete. A. LANG. CONTENTS PAGE The Cat and the Mouse in Partnership 1 The Six Swans 4 The Dragon of the North 9 Story of the Emperor’s New Clothes 21 The Golden Crab 26 The Iron Stove 32 The Dragon and his Grandmother 38 The Donkey Cabbage 42 The Little Green Frog 50 The Seven-headed Serpent 60 The Grateful Beasts 64 The Giants and the Herd-boy 75 The Invisible Prince 78 The Crow 92 How Six Men travelled through the Wide World 95 The Wizard King 100 The Nixy 108 The Glass Mountain 114 Alphege, or the Green Monkey 119 Fairer-than-a-Fairy 126 The Three Brothers 134 The Boy and the Wolves, or the Broken Promise 138 The Glass Axe 141 The Dead Wife 149 In the Land of Souls 152 The White Duck 155 The Witch and her Servants 161 The Magic Ring 178 The Flower Queen’s Daughter 192 The Flying Ship 198 The Snow-daughter and the Fire-son 206 The Story of King Frost 209 The Death of the Sun-hero 213 The Witch 216 The Hazel-nut Child 222 The Story of Big Klaus and Little Klaus 225 Prince Ring 237 The Swineherd 249 How to tell a True Princess 254 The Blue Mountains 256 The Tinder-box 265 The Witch in the Stone Boat 274 Thumbelina 279 The Nightingale 291 Hermod and Hadvor 301 The Steadfast Tin-soldier 308 Blockhead-Hans 313 A Story about a Darning-needle 319 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES The Swineherd takes the Ten Kisses Frontispiece The Six Brothers changed into Swans by their Stepmother To face page 8 The Witch-maiden sees the Young Man under a Tree „ 12 ‘Here you shall remain chained up until you die’ „ 20 The Prince throws the Apple to the Princess „ 30 The Iron Stove „ 32 ‘Standing in the doorway a charming maiden at whose sight his mind seemed to give way’ „ 58 The Seven-headed Serpent „ 62 The Mirror of the Present „ 84 Prince Gnome learns the Name of his Rival at the Golden Fountain „ 88 The Black Girl stops the Witch with a Bit of the Rock „ 144 Militza and her Maidens in the Garden „ 168 Iwanich casts the Fish into the Water „ 172 ‘In winter, when everything is dead, she must come and live with me in my palace underground’ „ 196 Simpleton’s Army appears before the King „ 204 The Snow Maiden „ 206 ‘Gee-up, my five horses’ „ 226 The Swineherd takes the Ten Kisses „ 250 The Irishman arrives at the Blue Mountains „ 262 The Witch comes on Board „ 274 Sigurd hews the Chain asunder „ 276 The King finds the Queen of Hetland „ 302 WOODCUTS IN TEXT PAGE The Partnership 1 At Home in the Church 2 Protestation 3 The Way of the World 3 ‘And then her dress’ 7 The Youth secures the Dragon 17 The Emperor comes to see his New Clothes 24 ‘Let down, let down thy petticoat that lets thy feet be seen’ 27 The Fisherman brings the Crab on the Golden Cushion 28 ‘Then she reached the three cutting swords, and got on her plough-wheel and rolled over them’ 35 The Dragon carries off the Three Soldiers 39 The Fiend defeated 41 The Maiden obtains the Bird-heart 44 The Hunter is transformed into a Donkey 46 The Young Man gives the Donkeys to the Miller 48 The Prince looks into the Magic Mirror 51 Prince Saphir Steals the Horse and Harness 55 Ferko healed by Magic Waters 67 Ferko before the King 68 Ferko leads the Wolves on 73 The Herd-boy binds up the Giant’s Foot 75 Rosalie 82 In the Labyrinth of Despair 85 The Evil Spirits drag the Girl to the Cauldron 93 My Enemy is given into my Hands 97 The Princess and the Eagle in the Flowery Meadow 102 The Wizard King pays a Visit to the Princess 105 The Miller sees the Nixy of the Mill-pond 109 A Wave swept the Spinning-wheel from the Bank 112 The Boy attacked by the Eagle on the Glass Mountain 116 The King makes Friends with the Green Monkey 121 The Green Monkey in the Bath 123 Lagree gives the Two Bottles to Fairer-than-a-Fairy 127 Fairer-than-a-Fairy summons the Rainbow 130 ‘Then the youth swung his mighty sword in the air, and with one blow cut off the serpent’s head’ 136 ‘My brother, my brother, I am becoming a wolf!’ 139 ‘But the waters seized her chariot and sunk it in the lowest depths’ 147 The Indian finds his Wife sitting by the Fire 150 The Witch persuades the Queen to bathe 156 The King catches the White Duck 159 Iwanich holds fast the Swan 163 Militza leaves Iwanich in the Tree 164 The Prickly Man with his Attendants 168 Iwanich seizes the Magician by his Beard and dashes him to the Ground 176 Martin extinguishes the Flames 181 The Princess summons the twelve Young Men 186 Schurka upsets the Baker 187 The Mouse steals the Ring from the Princess 189 The Dragons dancing 195 The Simpleton awakes and sees the Flying Ship 199 The Comrades in the Flying Ship meet the Drinker 201 ‘Maiden, are you warm?’ 211 The Sun-hero guards the Apples of the Sun 214 ‘Who’s there?’ 217 The Comb grows into a Forest 220 The Black King’s Gift 224 The Farmer thinks he sees the Devil in the Chest 229 The Shoemakers and Tanners drive Big Klaus out of the Town 231 ‘Open the sack,’ said Little Klaus 234 The Woman pushes Prince Ring into the Cask 238 Snati and Prince Ring fight with the Oxen 242 Prince Ring and Snati overthrow the Troll’s Ghost 246 A True Princess 255 The Princess revives the Irishman 258 The Soldier fills his Knapsack with Money 267 The Dog brings in the Princess 269 ‘He was skipping along so merrily’ 271 ‘“Croak, croak, croak!” was all he could say’ 280 Thumbelina rides on the Water-lily Leaf 281 Thumbelina brings Thistle-down for the Swallow 285 Thumbelina has to spin 287 ‘We will call you May blossom’ 289 The Kitchenmaid listens to the Nightingale 293 The Present from the Emperor of Japan 295 The True Nightingale sings to the Emperor 299 Hadvor burns the Lion’s Skin 306 ‘Don’t look at things that aren’t intended for the likes of you’ 309 Down the Drain 310 And that was the End 312 ‘Then they oiled the corners of their mouths’ 314 Hans fills his Pocket with the Mud 315 ‘The reporters giggled,’ &c. 317 The Partnership THE CAT AND THE MOUSE IN PARTNERSHIP A cat had made acquaintance with a mouse, and had spoken so much of the great love and friendship she felt for her, that at last the Mouse consented to live in the same house with her, and to go shares in the housekeeping. ‘But we must provide for the winter or else we shall suffer hunger,’ said the Cat. ‘You, little Mouse, cannot venture everywhere in case you run at last into a trap.’ This good counsel was followed, and a little pot of fat was bought. But they did not know where to put it. At length, after long consultation, the Cat said, ‘I know of no place where it could be better put than in the church. No one will trouble to take it away from there. We will hide it in a corner, and we won’t touch it till we are in want.’ So the little pot was placed in safety; but it was not long before the Cat had a great longing for it, and said to the Mouse, ‘I wanted to tell you, little Mouse, that my cousin has a little son, white with brown spots, and she wants me to be godmother to it. Let me go out to-day, and do you take care of the house alone.’ ‘Yes, go certainly,’ replied the Mouse, ‘and when you eat anything good, think of me; I should very much like a drop of the red christening wine.’ But it was all untrue. The Cat had no cousin, and had not been asked to be godmother. She went straight to the church, slunk to the little pot of fat, began to lick it, and licked the top off. Then she took a walk on the roofs of the town, looked at the view, stretched herself out in the sun, and licked her lips whenever she thought of the little pot of fat. As soon as it was evening she went home again. ‘Ah, here you are again!’ said the Mouse; ‘you must certainly have had an enjoyable day.’ ‘It went off very well,’ answered the Cat. ‘What was the child’s name?’ asked the Mouse. ‘Top Off,’ said the Cat drily. ‘Topoff!’ echoed the Mouse, ‘it is indeed a wonderful and curious name. Is it in your family?’ ‘What is there odd about it?’ said the Cat. ‘It is not worse than Breadthief, as your godchild is called.’ Not long after this another great longing came over the Cat. She said to the Mouse, ‘You must again be kind enough to look after the house alone, for I have been asked a second time to stand godmother, and as this child has a white ring round its neck, I cannot refuse.’ The kind Mouse agreed, but the Cat slunk under the town wall to the church, and ate up half of the pot of fat. ‘Nothing tastes better,’ said she, ‘than what one eats by oneself,’ and she was very much pleased with her day’s work. When she came home the Mouse asked, ‘What was this child called?’ ‘Half Gone,’ answered the Cat. ‘Halfgone! what a name! I have never heard it in my life. I don’t believe it is in the calendar.’ Soon the Cat’s mouth began to water once more after her licking business. ‘All good things in threes,’ she said to the Mouse; ‘I have again to stand godmother. The child is quite black, and has very white paws, but not a single white hair on its body. This only happens once in two years, so you will let me go out?’ ‘Topoff! Halfgone!’ repeated the Mouse, ‘they are such curious names; they make me very thoughtful.’ ‘Oh, you sit at home in your dark grey coat and your long tail,’ said the Cat, ‘and you get fanciful. That comes of not going out in the day.’ The Mouse had a good cleaning out while the Cat was gone, and made the house tidy; but the greedy Cat ate the fat every bit up. ‘When it is all gone one can be at rest,’ she said to herself, and at night she came home sleek and satisfied. The Mouse asked at once after the third child’s name. ‘It won’t please you any better,’ said the Cat, ‘he was called Clean Gone.’ ‘Cleangone!’ repeated the Mouse. ‘I do not believe that name has been printed any more than the others. Cleangone! What can it mean?’ She shook her head, curled herself up, and went to sleep. From this time on no one asked the Cat to stand godmother; but when the winter came and there was nothing to be got outside, the Mouse remembered their provision and said, ‘Come, Cat, we will go to our pot of fat which we have stored away; it will taste very good.’ Protestation—The Way of the World ‘Yes, indeed,’ answered the Cat; ‘it will taste as good to you as if you stretched your thin tongue out of the window.’ They started off, and when they reached it they found the pot in its place, but quite empty! ‘Ah,’ said the Mouse, ‘now I know what has happened! It has all come out! You are a true friend to me! You have eaten it all when you stood godmother; first the top off, then half of it gone, then——’ ‘Will you be quiet!’ screamed the Cat. ‘Another word and I will eat you up.’ ‘Cleangone’ was already on the poor Mouse’s tongue, and scarcely was it out than the Cat made a spring at her, seized and swallowed her. You see that is the way of the world. THE SIX SWANS A King was once hunting in a great wood, and he hunted the game so eagerly that none of his courtiers could follow him. When evening came on he stood still and looked round him, and he saw that he had quite lost himself. He sought a way out, but could find none. Then he saw an old woman with a shaking head coming towards him; but she was a witch. ‘Good woman,’ he said to her, ‘can you not show me the way out of the wood?’ ‘Oh, certainly, Sir King,’ she replied, ‘I can quite well do that, but on one condition, which if you do not fulfil you will never get out of the wood, and will die of hunger.’ ‘What is the condition?’ asked the King. ‘I have a daughter,’ said the old woman, ‘who is so beautiful that she has not her equal in the world, and is well fitted to be your wife; if you will make her lady-queen I will show you the way out of the wood.’ The King in his anguish of mind consented, and the old woman led him to her little house where her daughter was sitting by the fire. She received the King as if she were expecting him, and he saw that she was certainly very beautiful; but she did not please him, and he could not look at her without a secret feeling of horror. As soon as he had lifted the maiden on to his horse the old woman showed him the way, and the King reached his palace, where the wedding was celebrated. The King had already been married once, and had by his first wife seven children, six boys and one girl, whom he loved more than anything in the world. And now, because he was afraid that their step-mother might not treat them well and might do them harm, he put them in a lonely castle that stood in the middle of a wood. It lay so hidden, and the way to it was so hard to find, that he himself could not have found it out had not a wise-woman given him a reel of thread which possessed a marvellous property: when he threw it before him it unwound itself and showed him the way. But the King went so often to his dear children that the Queen was offended at his absence. She grew curious, and wanted to know what he had to do quite alone in the wood. She gave his servants a great deal of money, and they betrayed the secret to her, and also told her of the reel which alone could point out the way. She had no rest now till she had found out where the King guarded the reel, and then she made some little white shirts, and, as she had learnt from her witch-mother, sewed an enchantment in each of them. And when the King had ridden off she took the little shirts and went into the wood, and the reel showed her the way. The children, who saw someone coming in the distance, thought it was their dear father coming to them, and sprang to meet him very joyfully. Then she threw over each one a little shirt, which when it had touched their bodies changed them into swans, and they flew away over the forest. The Queen went home quite satisfied, and thought she had got rid of her step-children; but the girl had not run to meet her with her brothers, and she knew nothing of her. The next day the King came to visit his children, but he found no one but the girl. ‘Where are your brothers?’ asked the King. ‘Alas! dear father,’ she answered, ‘they have gone away and left me all alone.’ And she told him that looking out of her little window she had seen her brothers flying over the wood in the shape of swans, and she showed him the feathers which they had let fall in the yard, and which she had collected. The King mourned, but he did not think that the Queen had done the wicked deed, and as he was afraid the maiden would also be taken from him, he wanted to take her with him. But she was afraid of the step-mother, and begged the King to let her stay just one night more in the castle in the wood. The poor maiden thought, ‘My home is no longer here; I will go and seek my brothers.’ And when night came she fled away into the forest. She ran all through the night and the next day, till she could go no farther for weariness. Then she saw a little hut, went in, and found a room with six little beds. She was afraid to lie down on one, so she crept under one of them, lay on the hard floor, and was going to spend the night there. But when the sun had set she heard a noise, and saw six swans flying in at the window. They stood on the floor and blew at one another, and blew all their feathers off, and their swan-skin came off like a shirt. Then the maiden recognised her brothers, and overjoyed she crept out from under the bed. Her brothers were not less delighted than she to see their little sister again, but their joy did not last long. ‘You cannot stay here,’ they said to her. ‘This is a den of robbers; if they were to come here and find you they would kill you.’ ‘Could you not protect me?’ asked the little sister. ‘No,’ they answered, ‘for we can only lay aside our swan skins for a quarter of an hour every evening. For this time we regain our human forms, but then we are changed into swans again.’ Then the little sister cried and said, ‘Can you not be freed?’ ‘Oh, no,’ they said, ‘the conditions are too hard. You must not speak or laugh for six years, and must make in that time six shirts for us out of star-flowers. If a single word comes out of your mouth, all your labour is vain.’ And when the brothers had said this the quarter of an hour came to an end, and they flew away out of the window as swans. ‘And then her dress’ But the maiden had determined to free her brothers even if it should cost her her life. She left the hut, went into the forest, climbed a tree, and spent the night there. The next morning she went out, collected star-flowers, and began to sew. She could speak to no one, and she had no wish to laugh, so she sat there, looking only at her work. When she had lived there some time, it happened that the King of the country was hunting in the forest, and his hunters came to the tree on which the maiden sat. They called to her and said ‘Who are you?’ But she gave no answer. ‘Come down to us,’ they said, ‘we will do you no harm.’ But she shook her head silently. As they pressed her further with questions, she threw them the golden chain from her neck. But they did not leave off, and she threw them her girdle, and when this was no use, her garters, and then her dress. The hunts-men would not leave her alone, but climbed the tree, lifted the maiden down, and led her to the King. The King asked, ‘Who are you? What are you doing up that tree?’ But she answered nothing. He asked her in all the languages he knew, but she remained as dumb as a fish. Because she was so beautiful, however, the King’s heart was touched, and he was seized with a great love for her. He wrapped her up in his cloak, placed her before him on his horse, and brought her to his castle. There he had her dressed in rich clothes, and her beauty shone out as bright as day, but not a word could be drawn from her. He set her at table by his side, and her modest ways and behaviour pleased him so much that he said, ‘I will marry this maiden and none other in the world,’ and after some days he married her. But the King had a wicked mother who was displeased with the marriage, and said wicked things of the young Queen. ‘Who knows who this girl is?’ she said; ‘she cannot speak, and is not worthy of a king.’ After a year, when the Queen had her first child, the old mother took it away from her. Then she went to the King and said that the Queen had killed it. The King would not believe it, and would not allow any harm to be done her. But she sat quietly sewing at the shirts and troubling herself about nothing. The next time she had a child the wicked mother did the same thing, but the King could not make up his mind to believe her. He said, ‘She is too sweet and good to do such a thing as that. If she were not dumb and could defend herself, her innocence would be proved.’ But when the third child was taken away, and the Queen was again accused, and could not utter a word in her own defence, the King was obliged to give her over to the law, which decreed that she must be burnt to death. When the day came on which the sentence was to be executed, it was the last day of the six years in which she must not speak or laugh, and now she had freed her dear brothers from the power of the enchantment. The six shirts were done; there was only the left sleeve wanting to the last. When she was led to the stake, she laid the shirts on her arm, and as she stood on the pile and the fire was about to be lighted, she looked around her and saw six swans flying through the air. Then she knew that her release was at hand and her heart danced for joy. The swans fluttered round her, and hovered low so that she could throw the shirts over them. When they had touched them the swan-skins fell off, and her brothers stood before her living, well and beautiful. Only the youngest had a swan’s wing instead of his left arm. They embraced and kissed each other, and the Queen went to the King, who was standing by in great astonishment, and began to speak to him, saying, ‘Dearest husband, now I can speak and tell you openly that I am innocent and have been falsely accused.’ She told him of the old woman’s deceit, and how she had taken the three children away and hidden them. Then they were fetched, to the great joy of the King, and the wicked mother came to no good end. But the King and the Queen with their six brothers lived many years in happiness and peace. THE DRAGON OF THE NORTH[2] Very long ago, as old people have told me, there lived a terrible monster, who came out of the North, and laid waste whole tracts of country, devouring both men and beasts; and this monster was so destructive that it was feared that unless help came no living creature would be left on the face of the earth. It had a body like an ox, and legs like a frog, two short fore-legs, and two long ones behind, and besides that it had a tail like a serpent, ten fathoms in length. When it moved it jumped like a frog, and with every spring it covered half a mile of ground. Fortunately its habit was to remain for several years in the same place, and not to move on till the whole neighbourhood was eaten up. Nothing could hunt it, because its whole body was covered with scales, which were harder than stone or metal; its two great eyes shone by night, and even by day, like the brightest lamps, and anyone who had the ill luck to look into those eyes became as it were bewitched, and was obliged to rush of his own accord into the monster’s jaws. In this way the Dragon was able to feed upon both men and beasts without the least trouble to itself, as it needed not to move from the spot where it was lying. All the neighbouring kings had offered rich rewards to anyone who should be able to destroy the monster, either by force or enchantment, and many had tried their luck, but all had miserably failed. Once a great forest in which the Dragon lay had been set on fire; the forest was burnt down, but the fire did not do the monster the least harm. However, there was a tradition amongst the wise men of the country that the Dragon might be overcome by one who possessed King Solomon’s signet-ring, upon which a secret writing was engraved. This inscription would enable anyone who was wise enough to interpret it to find out how the Dragon could be destroyed. Only no one knew where the ring was hidden, nor was there any sorcerer or learned man to be found who would be able to explain the inscription. At last a young man, with a good heart and plenty of courage, set out to search for the ring. He took his way towards the sun-rising, because he knew that all the wisdom of old time comes from the East. After some years he met with a famous Eastern magician, and asked for his advice in the matter. The magician answered: ‘Mortal men have but little wisdom, and can give you no help, but the birds of the air would be better guides to you if you could learn their language. I can help you to understand it if you will stay with me a few days.’ The youth thankfully accepted the magician’s offer, and said, ‘I cannot now offer you any reward for your kindness, but should my undertaking succeed your trouble shall be richly repaid.’ Then the magician brewed a powerful potion out of nine sorts of herbs which he had gathered himself all alone by moonlight, and he gave the youth nine spoonfuls of it daily for three days, which made him able to understand the language of birds. At parting the magician said to him, ‘If you ever find Solomon’s ring and get possession of it, then come back to me, that I may explain the inscription on the ring to you, for there is no one else in the world who can do this.’ From that time the youth never felt lonely as he walked along; he always had company, because he understood the language of birds; and in this way he learned many things which mere human knowledge could never have taught him. But time went on, and he heard nothing about the ring. It happened one evening, when he was hot and tired with walking, and had sat down under a tree in a forest to eat his supper, that he saw two gaily-plumaged birds, that were strange to him, sitting at the top of the tree talking to one another about him. The first bird said: ‘I know that wandering fool under the tree there, who has come so far without finding what he seeks. He is trying to find King Solomon’s lost ring.’ The other bird answered, ‘He will have to seek help from the Witch-maiden, [3] who will doubtless be able to put him on the right track. If she has not got the ring herself, she knows well enough who has it.’ ‘But where is he to find the Witch-maiden?’ said the first bird. ‘She has no settled dwelling, but is here to-day and gone to-morrow. He might as well try to catch the wind.’ The other replied, ‘I do not know, certainly, where she is at present, but in three nights from now she will come to the spring to wash her face, as she does every month when the moon is full, in order that she may never grow old nor wrinkled, but may always keep the bloom of youth.’ ‘Well,’ said the first bird, ‘the spring is not far from here. Shall we go and see how it is she does it?’ ‘Willingly, if you like,’ said the other. The youth immediately resolved to follow the birds to the spring, only two things made him uneasy: first, lest he might be asleep when the birds went, and secondly, lest he might lose sight of them, since he had not wings to carry him along so swiftly. He was too tired to keep awake all night, yet his anxiety prevented him from sleeping soundly, and when with the earliest dawn he looked up to the tree-top, he was glad to see his feathered companions still asleep with their heads under their wings. He ate his breakfast, and waited until the birds should start, but they did not leave the place all day. They hopped about from one tree to another looking for food, all day long until the evening, when they went back to their old perch to sleep. The next day the same thing happened, but on the third morning one bird said to the other, ‘To- day we must go to the spring to see the Witch-maiden wash her face.’ They remained on the tree till noon; then they flew away and went towards the south. The young man’s heart beat with anxiety lest he should lose sight of his guides, but he managed to keep the birds in view until they again perched upon a tree. The young man ran after them until he