J*,aex / 321 D Equal Education Opportunity Act 86, 87 damages 109, 128, 133, 134 Equal Pay Act (EPA) 3, 10. 166, defamation 142, 146, 154, 160 179, 180 desegregation 67, 95 equal protection 73, 76, 78, 87, 89, plan oversight 67, 95 92, 95, 180 state court cases 67, 97 Equal Protection Clause (Fourteenth disabilities 69, 71, 85 Amendment) 71, 73, 76, 92, discipline 77, 83, 90, 91, 95 93, 94 discrimination 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, Establishment Clause (First Amend- 11, 12, 13, 16, 18, 19, 26, 27, ment) 67, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 50, 71, 74, 89, 96, 137, 138, 91,94 164, 178, 179, 180, 197, 198, evaluation 109, 113, 114, 120, 123, 199, 200, 201, 203, 212, 214, 129, 135, 136 216, 223, 224 expert witness 131, 139 gender 179 expulsion 92, 95 race 180 religion 180 F Downs Syndrome 125 False Claims Act (FCA) 196 dress code 75, 77, 78 false imprisonment 72 drugs 76, 77 Family and Medical Leave Act due process 75, 76, 78, 82, 85, 87, (FMLA) 3, 4 89, 92, 93, 94, 95, 168, 180, Family Educational Rights and 183, 184, 185 Privacy Act (FERPA) 87 Due Process Clause 75 FAPE.See free appropriate public due process hearings 117, 118, 120 education (FAPE) duty of care 172 FCA.See False Claims Act (FCA) E fees 34, 53, 54, 63, 64, 72, 74, 91, 96, 101, 127, 130, 131, 132, educational malpractice 196 133, 134, 139, 169, 181, 192, election laws 45, 49 193, 196, 199, 209, 213, 215, ballots 50 216, 217, 221, 242, 243, 252, petitions 49 263, 281, 285 Eleventh Amendment 76, 117, 121 FERPA.See Family Educational eligibility 167, 168 Rights and Privacy Act emotional distress 72, 78, 83, 84, (FERPA) 89 Fifth Amendment 93 employee injuries 141, 158 financial aid 211, 221 employment 167, 178, 179, 180, First Amendment 67, 73, 75, 76, 181, 225, 239, 242, 246, 247, 77, 78, 91, 94, 211, 212, 213, 270, 274, 275, 282, 285 222 Employment Management Rela- free exercise 73, 74, 76, 78 tions Act 26 free speech 212 Entitlement to Services 109, 111 religion 73, 74, 76, 78, 212, 214 EPA.See Equal Pay Act (EPA) retaliation claim 73 322 / Index speech 68, 70, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, independent evaluation 113, 136 94 individualized education program FMLA.See Family and Medical (IEP) 112, 114, 115, 116, Leave Act (FMLA) 117, 119, 120, 122, 123, 124, Fourteenth Amendment 71, 73, 76, 125, 126, 129, 130, 132, 139 92, 93, 94 individualized family service plan Fourth Amendment 75, 93 (IFSP) 116 fraud 72 Individuals with Disabilities Educa- Freedom of Information Act 21, 22, tion Act (IDEA) 109, 111, 63, 65, 193 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, exemptions 63 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 124, fees 63 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, redaction 63 133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 139 free appropriate public education Individuals with Disabilities Educa- (FAPE) 111, 112, 114, 116, tion Improvement Act of 118, 119, 121, 123, 124, 126, 2004 111 128, 129, 130, 136, 139 instructional issues 67, 86 insubordination 1, 27 L gender equity 169 least restrictive environment (LRE) H 124.125 liability insurance 141, 156 Handicapped Children’s Protection liquidated damages 30, 31 Act 127 LRE.See least restrictive environ- harassment 8, 9, 10, 68, 78, 79, 81, ment (LRE) 82, 97, 155, 162, 163, 164, 165, 170, 171, 201, 202, 206, M 214, 247, 265, 266 homeschools 69 magnet schools 97 mediation 117 I Miranda warning 86, 91 municipal control 45, 46 IDEA.See Individuals with Disabili home rule 46 ties Education Act (IDEA) IEP. See individualized education N program (IEP) IFSP.See individualized family National Collegiate Athletic Asso- service plan (IFSP) ciation (NCAA) 168, 188 immunity 142, 152, 153, 156, 157, NCAA. See National Collegiate Ath- 158, 161, 163, 165, 170, 176, letic Association (NCAA) 177, 178, 181, 183, 185, 188, negligence 71, 72, 81, 83, 88, 89, 22127213, 222 223.224 142, 143, 144, 145, 147, 148, common law 152 149, 150, 152, 153, 154, 165 statutory immunity 153 negligence defenses 141, 152 incompetence 1, 30 negligent supervision 79, 83, 84, 88 Index / 323 notice of claim 154, 155 religion, freedom of 74, 76, 78 remedies 116, 118, 127, 128 O residential placement 120 off school property 141, 142 S Open Meetings Act 45, 62, 63, 64, 254 school boundaries 45, 46, 50, 65 closed/executive session 62, 63 school construction 45, 46, 58, 59, subcommittees 62 61, 65, 150, 235, 236, 249, ordinances 46 263, 271 breach of contract 58, 59 P sovereign immunity 58 estoppel 59 parochial school 70 statute of limitations 5 placement 111, 112, 114, 115, 116, school districts 45, 46, 2 119, 120, 121, 122, 125, 128, 129, 135, 139 authority 55 limitations 55 Pledge of Allegiance 73 school facilities 48, pornography 93 153, 168, 235, 7 prayer 73, 74 268, 269, 271, prevailing party 13 school finance 46, 51, 248 privacy rights 84 early childhood education private facilities 125 litigation 59, 65 private schools 68, 70, 71, adequacy 5] 127, 136, 138 private/charter schools 46 procedural due process 76 school budget 52, 53, 54, 55 procedural safeguards 112 proximate cause 175, 178, 186 trust funds 52 school property 45, 46, 60 pro se, parents acting 118 boundaries 45, 50 Public Disclosure Act 84, 85 deeds 62 Q facilities 48, 53, 56, 59 school safety 249, 265, 267, 268, qualified immunity 183, 185 271, 286 search and seizure (Fourth Amend- R ment) 67, 85 racial discrimination 70, 96 section 1981 4, 7, 23, 71, 164, 216 rape 83 section 1983 4, 7,9, 17, 18, 19, 20, real property 167, 186 23, 73, 75, 76, 78, 80, 81, 82, reasonable accommodation 137, 84, 86, 87, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94, 138 109, 111, 121, 128, 133, 134, reduction-in-force 1, 32 161, 162, 163, 164, 170, 171, regular education 114, 124 192, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Section 205, 218 504 3, 14, 110, 111, 127, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation 128, 134, 137, 138, 163, 215, Act 110, 111, 137 324 / Index settlement agreements 132 214,216,232 sexual abuse and harassment Title VI 4, 90 by employees 80 Title VII 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, by others 84 26, 164, 165, 179, 180, 191, by students 78 199, 200, 201 sexual assult/harassment 170, 171, tort 170, 189 175 transportation 68, 70 slander 91 truancy 69 sovereign immunity 117 tuition and fees 67, 70 special education 111, 112, 120, tuition reimbursement 109, 128, 121, 123, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130 129, 130, 135, 136, 139 U speech 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 28, 37, 68, 70, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, uniforms 68, 75 94, 100, 122, 125, 126, 163, Uniform Services Employment and 180, 181, 182, 194, 200, 203, Reemployment Act 3, 4 204, 205, 212 speech, freedom of 68, 70, 74, 75 Vv standing to sue 120 status quo 115, 116 voucher 71 statute of limitations 117, 120, 121, Ww 138 students 68, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 78, weapons 91, 92 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 89, whistleblower statute 36, 37 92, 94, 95, 97 workers’ compensation 36, 37, 39, attendance 68, 69, 70, 96, 97 158, 159, 191, 198 discipline 77, 83, 90, 91 expulsion 67, 92 Z privacy rights 84 zero tolerance 95 search and seizure 67, 85 zoning 60, 61 suspension 67, 92 special use permit 61 textbooks 70 transfer 69, 96 tuition and fees 70 surety 59, 60 T taxes 54, 56 ad valorem 51 levy 49, 51, 52, 54, 55 tenure 1, 13, 15, 17, 35, 40, 41, 205, 242, 246 threats 73, 91 Title IX 3, 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 141, 161, 162, 169, 170, 179, 201,