ftip.l THE WORKS OF SHAYKH AHMAD AL-AHSA' I A BIBLIOGRAPHY by DR. MOOJAN MOMEN based upon FIHIRIST KUTUB MASHA YIKH 'IZAM of SHAYKH ABU'L-QASIM KIRMANI BAHA* I STUDIES BULLETIN MONOGRAPH SERIES The Baha'J Studies Bulletin Monograph ( - BSBM ) series is designed to make available research monographs in the field of BabT-Baha'T studies that are too lengthy (and/or 'specialist') to be included in issues of the Baha'T Studies Bulletin. They will be advertised and become available as and when suitable monographs are written. Submissions to the series should be sent on computer disk ( 3 1/z or 5 1M) in any of the major word processing formats, with a sample printout: they should be sent to -: Stephen Lambden 30 Victoria Square, Jesmond, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4DE. England U.K. SHAYKH AHMAD AL-AHSA'I ( d. 1826 CE ) THE WORKS OF SHAYKH AHMAD AL-AHSA'I TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE 7 INTRODUCTION 8 ABBREVIATIONS 9 MAIN DATES OF LIFE OF SHAYKH AHMAD 15 List of those for whom Shaykh Ahmad wrote Works 18 Volumes known to have belonged to Shaykh Ahmad 24 Analysis of Shaykh Ahmad's works by place and year of writing 25 A. MYSTICAL PHILOSOPHY AND METAPHYSICS 29 a. Dated Works 29 b. Undated Works 63 B. DOCTRINE, THEOLOGY AND POLEMIC 72 a. Dated Works 72 b. undated works 80 C. ETHICS AND THE MYSTIC PATH 86 D. PRINCIPLES OF JURISPRUDENCE {Usuial-Fiqh) 88 E. JURISPRUDENCE {Fiqh) 92 F. COMMENTARY ON THE QUR'AN (Tafsii) 96 G. PRACTICAL PHILOSOPHY {Hikmat 'Ama/f) 98 H. LITERARY WORKS 99 I. WORKS WITH VARIED SUBJECT MATTER 102 a. Dated Works 102 6 b. Undated Works 120 J. MISCELLANEOUS WORKS LISTED IN OTHER SOURCES 149 K. MINOR WRITINGS 162 L MANUSCRIPTS WHICH CANNOT BE EXACTLY IDENTIFIED 164 INDEX 169 1 PREFACE This work is based on a translation of the FihristKutub Mashayikh 'Izam of Shaykh Abu'l-Gasim Kirmani (which will be referred to as Fihrist throughout this work). Some of the information given in that work has been supplemented from published and manuscript copies of each work wherever possible. The sections have been kept broadly the same as in the Fihrist. However the individual works are not in precisely the same order. I have placed the works in each section in chronological order where the date is known followed by the undated works in alphabetical work, in this way, the pattern of the development of Shaykh Ahmad's thought is more easily discernible. In order to assist those who wish to research the works of Shaykh Ahmad, I have tried to provide locations where these works of Shaykh Ahmad can be found. I have therefore tried to identify all of the published writings. In addition, I have identified several hundred manuscripts of Shaykh Ahmad's works in various libraries. During the course of the compilation of this work, I found reference to a number of works of Shaykh Ahmad which could not readily be identified with one of the works listed in the EiMsi. Sometimes this was merely because of lack of information, but those that genuinely do appear to be separate works, I have listed in the sections J and K. This is merely a prelimary attempt to compile a bibliography of Shaykh Ahmad's work and I would be grateful if anyone who is aware of any additions or corrections would inform me. M. Momen Northill February 1991 8 INTRODUCTION Under each entry, there is the following information: - Title of the work. - whatever information is available of the circumstances of its writing: when it was written and to whom, etc. - a summary of the contents of the work - the information given in the Fihrist has been supplemented by information derived from other sources such as the works themselves or the table of contents of the Jawami' al-Kilam a published compilation t of the works of Shaykh Ahmad. Bib - a correlation of entries of this work in various bibliographies. The main bibliography used is of course the Fihrist Kutub Mashayikh 'Izam of Shaykh Abu'l-Qasim Kirmani, on which this work is based. However, an attempt was made to correlate the works in this bibliography with a manuscript list of the works of Shaykh Ahmad and Sayyid Kazim compiled by Sayyid Kazim, the Fihrist-i Sayyid - see S below. Mss - a listing of the manuscripts of the work available in various libraries in Iran, Europe, North America and elsewhere. Under each work I have listed the manuscripts in the order that they would appear to be most accessible to those working in Europe and North America. First placing where applicable goes to the Kirman collection of manuscripts; not because access to the collection in Kirman is particularly easy but because copies of the entire collection are held at the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris and the Library of the University of Chicago. Following this, I have given details of manuscripts in libraries in Europe and North America; then national libraries in Iran; then regional libraries in Iran; then libraries in Iraq, India and elsewhere, including miscellaneous other locations such as private libraries which are occasionally referred to in adh-Dhari'a. Wherever possible, I have first given the information as to the volume of the catalogue of the collection in which information about the manuscript may be found (page number and number in the catalogue); and then, after a semi-colon, information regarding the manuscript's library accession number, and, in parentheses, for composite 9 volumes, the item number (i.e. the order of the work in the manuscript volume) and page numbers. After this information regarding the identity of the writer of the manuscript, date of completion, etc is given, where available. Pub - Publications of the work. I have, in addition, compiled and tabulated some further information regarding Shaykh Ahmad's writings. This includes a list of those to whom these works were addressed tabulated by the area in which they lived; tables of the number of works of Shaykh Ahmad according to the period of his life in which they were written. I have also provided some graphical analysis of his output on a year-by-year basis. All this material is at the beginning of this monograph. At the end there is an index. ABBREVIATIONS A listing of the main abbreviations used is given below: Dh - adh-Dhari'a ila Tasanif ash-Shi'a by Agha Buzurg Tihrani. 25 vols, distributed by the author, Tihran and Najaf, 1355/1935-1398/1978. Each entry consists of: volume numbenpage number, No. Hern number. F - Fihrist-i Kutub-i Mashayikh 'Izam by Shaykh Abu'l-Qasim Kirmani. 3rd ed. Chapkhana Sa'adat, Kirman, n.d (referred to elsewhere in the text as Pihrist). Since there are several editions of this book with different paginations, I have here given each entry as F followed by the consecutive item number as given in the latest edition (Kirman, n.d.). Kirmani states that his bibliographic sources were as follows (pp. 214-6): a. Fihrist-i Sayyid a list compiled by Sayyid Kazim Rashti of the works of Shaykh Ahmad and his own works (see under S below). 10 b. A list compiled by Sayyid 'Abdu'l-Majid Fa'iqi in AH 1345 of the works of all of the Shaykhi leaders. The number of verses for each work given in the Fihrist are as compiled in this source. A lengthy work of some 1500 pages. c. A shorter list compiled by an unknown author on the instructions of Hajj Muhammad Khan Kirmani. d. Bibliographical information in the biography of Muhammad Tahir Khan - derived mostly from the Fihrist-i Sayyid. e. Examination of the manuscripts and books available to the author. S - Fihrist-i Sayyid. List of the works of Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i and Sayyid Kazim Rashti by Sayyid Kazim Rashti. School of Oriental and African Studies, Mss No. 92308, Item no. 38, pp. 398a^06b; (see Adam Gacek, Catalogue of the Arabic Manuscripts in the Library of the School of Oriental and African Studies. London, 1981, No. 277, pp. 165-9). This list was composed in Rajab 1258/1842 and the manuscript is written by Jawad ibn Qasim an-Najjar in Kufa and completed on 30 Dhu'l-Hijjih 1259/January 1844, 19 days after the death of Sayyid Kazim. Nicolas evidently also had access to a copy of this list as the list of the works of Shaykh Ahmad that he gives (EssaLsur le Cheikhi5m5J Xb^ikiLAhmed_Uiicahl Paris, 1910, pp. 63-72) J is almost exactly the same as the SOAS manuscript and in the same order. The numbers given here are from Nicolas'list as the SOAS manuscript has no numeration. FN - Fihrist Nuskhih-ha-yi Khatti Farsi. By Ahmad Monzavi. Vol. 2, pts. 1 and 2, Tihran, 1349 There is one further bibliography of the works of Shaykh Ahmad to which i have not been able to obtain access: Fihrist rasa'il ash-Shaykh listed in Dh 16:383, no. 1783, consisting of a list of 75 works - no author indicated - copy in library of Mulla Muhammad 'AN Khwansari in Najaf. Mirza Muhammad 'AH, Nujum as-Sama. Lakhnau, 1303, also contains an extensive bibliography of the works of Shaykh Ahmad. Manuscripts KM - Kirman manuscripts. Manuscripts kept at the Shaykhi Centre in Kirman. They are detailed in a section at the beginning of Fihrist-i Kutub-i Mashayikh 'Izam (pages