TheWorksofIbnWāḍiḥal-Yaʿqūbī Volume3 Islamic History and Civilization studies and texts EditorialBoard HinrichBiesterfeldt SebastianGünther HonoraryEditor WadadKadi volume 152/3 Thetitlespublishedinthisseriesarelistedatbrill.com/ihc The Works of Ibn Wāḍiḥ al-Yaʿqūbī AnEnglishTranslation volume 3 Editedby MatthewS.Gordon ChaseF.Robinson EverettK.Rowson MichaelFishbein leiden | boston Coverillustration:Tulunidgolddinar,Egypt,266/879-880.TheDavidCollection(Copenhagen),No.C119. PhotobyPernilleKlemp. TheLibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataisavailableonlineathttp://catalog.loc.gov TypefacefortheLatin,Greek,andCyrillicscripts:“Brill”.Seeanddownload:brill.com/brill-typeface. issn0929-2403 isbn978-90-04-35619-1(hardback,vol.1) isbn978-90-04-35620-7(hardback,vol.2) isbn978-90-04-35621-4(hardback,vol.3) isbn978-90-04-36414-1(e-book,vol.1) isbn978-90-04-36415-8(e-book,vol.2) isbn978-90-04-36416-5(e-book,vol.3) Copyright2018byKoninklijkeBrillnv,Leiden,TheNetherlands. 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Contents volume1 Acknowledgements vii ListofContributors ix Introduction 1 MatthewS.Gordon IbnWāḍiḥal-Yaʿqūbī:ABiographicalSketch 9 SeanAnthonyandMatthewS.Gordon Manuscripts,PrintedEditions,andTranslationsofal-Yaʿqūbī’sWorks 23 EverettK.Rowson TheBookoftheAdaptationofMentoTheirTimeandTheir DominantCharacteristicsinEveryAge(Mushākalatal-nās li-zamānihimwa-māyaglibuʿalayhimfīkullʿaṣr) 29 TheGeography(Kitābal-Buldān) 61 Fragments 201 a FragmentsfromtheLostPartoftheGeography 203 b FragmentsfromOtherWorks 208 c NewFragments 218 d PassagesAttributedtoal-YaʿqūbīinIbnal-Dāya,Kitābal-Mukāfaʾa wa-Ḥusnal-ʿUqbā 225 GeneralBibliography 235 volume2 TheHistory(Taʾrīkh) AdamtoPre-IslamicArabia 259 vi contents volume3 TheHistory(Taʾrīkh) TheRiseofIslamtotheReignofal-Muʿtamid 595 Indices 1295 IndexofPersons,Tribes,ReligiousandPhilosophicalGroups, Events 1297 IndexofGeographicalNames 1362 TheHistory(Taʾrīkh) TheRiseof IslamtotheReignof al-Muʿtamid ∵ [Introduction] IntheNameofGod,theMercifulandCompassionate 2:2 PraisebetoGod,thegranterofsuccess.PraisebetoGod,theLordoftheworlds. MayGodblessMuḥammad,thesealoftheprophets,andthegoodlyandpure membersofhisfamily. Whenourfirstbookwasfinished,whereinwegaveabrief accountof the beginningof theworld’sexistenceandthehistoryof theearlypeoples—the ancient nations, separate kingdoms, and divided tribes1—we composed this present book of ours according to what earlier authorities—scholars, trans- mitters,andauthorsofbiographies,histories,andchronicles—transmitted.We didnotsetouttocompilebyourselvesabookinwhichwewouldundertake to retell what others had said before us. Rather, we set out to gather things that had been said and transmitted, for we discovered that men differed in theiraccountsandintheirchronologies.Someaddedthingsandsomeomit- tedthings.Wewishedtogathertogetherwhathascomedowntousfromwhat eachofthemproduced;foronepersoncannotencompassallknowledge.The CommanderoftheFaithful,ʿAlīb.AbīṬālib,said,“Knowledgeismorethanone canretain,sotakefromeachknowerthebestthingshehastooffer.”2Jaʿfarb. Ḥarbal-Ashajj3said:“Ihavefoundknowledgetobelikewealth:everyhuman beingpossessesabitofit;andifamanholdsaquantityofitheiscalledwell-off, whilesomeoneelseholdssomethingmoreandisalsocalledwell-off.Similarly withknowledge:anyonewhopossessessomethingofitiscalledaknower,even ifsomeoneelseknowsmorethanhe.Ifwedidnotcallascholar‘scholar’until| 2:3 hecomprehendedallknowledge,thenamewouldapplytonohumanbeing.” Awisemanhassaid,“Mypursuitof knowledgeisnotfromhopetoreachits remotest point and master its farthest end, but rather to seek something of whichonemustnotbeignorantandwhichnorationalpersonshouldactcon- traryto.”Anotherwisemanhassaid:“Ifyouarenotlearned,learn;andifyouare notwise,becomewise;forrarelydoesamancometoresembleothersbutthat heisonthevergeofbecomingoneofthem.”4Someonehassaid:“Knowledge 1 Amendingthereadingofed.LeidenandMasbāb(causes)toasbāṭ(tribes). 2 ReadingwithM,ʿālim(knower);ed.Leiden,ʿilm(science). 3 Abūl-FaḍlJaʿfarb.Ḥarbal-Hamadhānī(d.236/850)wasaZaydīShīʿīMuʿtazilītheologian. SeethearticlebyAlbertN.Naderinei2,s.v.D̲ja̲ ʿfarb.Ḥarb. 4 TheArabicinvolvesapun,sincetheverbtaʿallam(learn)canalsomean“actlikealearned man,”andtaḥakkam(becomewise)canalsomean“actlikeawiseman.” © koninklijkebrillnv,leiden,2018 | doi:10.1163/9789004364165_010 598 The History isaspiritandactionisabody.Knowledgeistheroot,andactionisabranch. Knowledgeisabegetter,andactionisachild.Oneactsbecauseoneknows;one doesnotknowbecauseoneacts.”Anotherhassaid:“Whoeverseeksknowledge fromdesireorfear,orfromemulationorcovetousness,hisshareofitwillbein accordancewithhisfear;butanyonewhopursuesknowledgeforthehonorof knowledgeandseeksitforthemeritofunderstanding,hisshareofitwillbein accordancewithitshonor,andhisbenefitfromitwillbeinaccordancewithits merit.”Someonehassaid:“Everythingneedsintellect,andtheintellectneeds knowledge.” This book of ours begins with the birth of the Messenger of God and the reportsof himfromonestagetoanotherandfromonetimetoanother,until GodtookhimtoHimself.ThenImentionthereportsofthecaliphsafterhim: thebiographyofonecaliphafteranother,theconquestsofeach,whateachdid, whatwasdoneinhisdays,andtheyearsofhisreign. Thepeoplefromwhomwehavetransmittedwhatisinthisbookare:Isḥāq b.Sulaymānb.ʿAlīal-Hāshimī,5whotransmittedfromtheeldersof theBanū Hāshim; Abū l-Bakhtarī Wahb b. Wahb al-Qurashī,6 who transmitted from Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad7 and other men; Abān b. ʿUthmān,8 who transmitted fromJaʿfarb.Muḥammad;Muḥammadb.ʿUmaral-Wāqidī,9whotransmitted 5 AbūYaʿqūbIsḥāqb.Sulaymānb.ʿAlīb.ʿAbdallāhal-HāshimīheldvariousofficesunderHārūn al-Rashīd,andenjoyedagoodreputationasahistorian.AbookofhisentitledKitābal-Taʾrīkh wa-l-siyarismentioned.SeeFuatSezgin,gas,1:313. 6 Abūl-BakhtarīWahbb.Wahbb.Kabīral-Qurashī(d.200/815)servedasajudgeunderHārūn al-Rashīdandwasatraditionist,genealogist,andhistorian.SeeFuatSezgin,gas,1:267. 7 Jaʿfarb.Muḥammad(d.148/765)isAbūʿAbdallāhJaʿfarb.Muḥammadal-Bāqirb.ʿAlīZaynal- ʿĀbidīn,surnamedJaʿfaral-Ṣādiq,reckonedtobethesixthImambyTwelverShīʿīs.SeeFuat Sezgin,gas,1:528–531. 8 Abānb.ʿUthmānb.Yaḥyā,knownasal-Aḥmaral-Bajalī,islistedinShīʿīreferenceworksas havingtransmittedfromthesixthImam,Jaʿfarb.Muḥammad,surnamedal-Ṣādiq(cf.al- Ṭūsī,Ikhtiyārmaʿrifatal-rijālal-maʿrūfbi-Rijālal-Kashshī,No.659,705;alsoYāqūt,Muʿjam al-udabāʾ,No.3).HewascorrectlyidentifiedbyJosefHorovitzinTheEarliestBiographiesof theProphetandTheirAuthors,9.Chronologyandpoliticalaffiliationruleoutidentifyinghim asAbānb.ʿUthmānb.ʿAffān,thesonofthethirdcaliph. 9 Muḥammadb.ʿUmarb.Wāqidal-Wāqidī(d.207/822)wasamajorhistorianactiveduring thereignsofHārūnal-Rashīdandal-Maʾmūn.HisMaghāzī(ontheProphet’smilitaryexpe- ditions)hassurvived.SeeFuatSezgin,gas,1:294–297,andthearticlebyS.Lederinei2,s.v. al-Wāḳidī.