Edited by Dean Keith Simonton THE WILEY HANDBOOK OF Genius The Wiley Handbook of Genius The Wiley Handbook of Genius Edited by Dean Keith Simonton Thiseditionfirstpublished2014 ©2014JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd RegisteredOffice JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK EditorialOffices 350MainStreet,Malden,MA02148-5020,USA 9600GarsingtonRoad,Oxford,OX42DQ,UK TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,forcustomerservices,andforinformationabouthowtoapply forpermissiontoreusethecopyrightmaterialinthisbookpleaseseeourwebsiteat www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. TherightofDeanKeithSimontontobeidentifiedastheauthoroftheeditorialmaterialinthisworkhas beenassertedinaccordancewiththeUKCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. 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Coverimage:Toprow,l-r:Einstein(©AFarchive/Alamy);MarieCurie(©Album/Superstock); Mozart(©FineArt/Alamy).Bottomrow,l-r:FridaKahlo(LucasVallecillos/agefotostock/ SuperStock);BobbyFischer(©INTERFOTO/Alamy);JimiHendrix(©AFarchive/Alamy). Setin10/12ptGalliardbyAptaraInc.,NewDelhi,India 1 2014 Contents ListofContributors ix Preface xvii PartI Perspectives 1 1 TheGeniusinHistory:HistoriographicExplorations 3 LauraC.Ball 2 ThePsychobiographyofGenius 20 WilliamToddSchultz 3 InterviewingHighlyEminentCreators 33 JeanneNakamuraandJeffFajans 4 PsychometricStudiesofScientificTalentandEminence 62 GregoryJ.Feist 5 HistoriometricStudiesofGenius 87 DeanKeithSimonton PartII Processes 107 6 TheNeuroscienceofCreativeGenius 109 NancyC.AndreasenandKanchnaRamchandran 7 ArtisticGeniusandCreativeCognition 120 PaulThagard 8 CaseStudiesofGenius:OrdinaryThinking,ExtraordinaryOutcomes 139 RobertW.Weisberg 9 VirtualGenius 166 DavidCope vi Contents PartIII Attributes 183 10 VarietiesofGenius 185 RobertJ.SternbergandStaceyL.Bridges 11 CognitiveDisinhibition,Creativity,andPsychopathology 198 ShelleyH.Carson 12 OpennesstoExperience 222 RobertR.McCraeandDavidM.Greenberg 13 PoliticalandMilitaryGeniuses:PsychologicalProfilesandResponses toStress 244 PeterSuedfeld PartIV Origins 267 14 GeneticsofIntellectualandPersonalityTraitsAssociatedwithCreative Genius:CouldGeniusesBeCosmobianDragonKings? 269 WendyJohnsonandThomasJ.Bouchard,Jr. 15 ChildProdigiesandAdultGenius:AWeakLink 297 EllenWinner 16 CreativeGenius:AViewfromtheExpert-PerformanceApproach 321 K.AndersEricsson 17 CognitiveProcessesandDevelopmentofChessGenius:An IntegrativeApproach 350 GuillermoCampitelli,FernandGobet,andMerimBilalic´ 18 DiversifyingExperiencesintheDevelopmentofGeniusandtheirImpact onCreativeCognition 375 RodicaIoanaDamianandDeanKeithSimonton PartV Trajectories 395 19 TheStudyofMathematicallyPrecociousYouthatMaturity:Insights intoElementsofGenius 397 HarrisonJ.KellandDavidLubinski 20 AgeandScientificGenius 422 BenjaminF.Jones,E.J.Reedy,andBruceA.Weinberg 21 MusicalCreativityovertheLifespan 451 AaronKozbelt 22 LiteraryGeniuses:TheirLife,Work,andDeath 473 AlexanderS.McKayandJamesC.Kaufman 23 LifetimeBiopsychosocialTrajectoriesoftheTermanGiftedChildren: Health,Well-Being,andLongevity 488 KatherineA.DugganandHowardS.Friedman Contents vii PartVI Contexts 509 24 EvaluatingExcellenceintheArts 511 VictorGinsburghandSheilaWeyers 25 TheSystemsModelofCreativityandItsApplications 533 MihalyCsikszentmihalyi 26 OpennesstoScientificInnovation 546 FrankJ.Sulloway 27 ProminentModernArtists:DeterminantsofCreativity 564 ChristianeHellmanzik 28 GeniusinWorldCivilization 586 CharlesMurray PartVII Prospects 609 29 DoesGeniusScienceHaveaFutureHistory? 611 DeanKeithSimonton Appendix 619 Index 629 Colorplatesectionisbetweenpages170and171 List of Contributors Nancy C. Andreasen MD Ph.D. is the Andrew H. Woods Chair of Psychiatry at the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, USA. She is a recipient of the President’s National Medal of Science, awarded in part for her work on pioneering neuroimaging technologies and using them to study processes such as memory and creativity. LauraC.BallMAisaPh.D.candidateinpsychologyatYorkUniversity,Canadaand is the Knowledge Translation and Implementation Coordinator at Waypoint Centre forMentalHealthCare,Canada.Sheisinterestedintechnologiesoftheself,feminist theory,historiography,andintegratedknowledgetranslation.Herrecentpublications inthisareaincludeanarticleinHistoryofPsychologytitled“Geniuswithoutthe‘Great Man’:NewPossibilitiesfortheHistorianofPsychology.” MerimBilalic´ isaprofessorintheDepartmentofGeneralPsychologyandCognitive Science at Alpen Adria University Klagenfurt, Austria. He received his D.Phil. from OxfordUniversity,UKin2006.Heisinterestedincognitiveandneuralmechanisms in expertise, and his work on the Einstellung effect won the British Psychological Society’sAwardfortheOutstandingDoctoralResearchContributiontoPsychology in 2008. He has published on cognitive aspects of expertise in Cognitive Psychology andCognition,ontheirneuralimplementationinJournalofExperimentalPsychology: GeneralandJournalofNeuroscience,andonindividualdifferencesinIntelligenceand ProceedingsoftheRoyalSocietyB:BiologicalSciences. ThomasJ.Bouchard,Jr.earnedhisPh.D.inpsychologyattheUniversityofCalifor- nia,Berkeley,USA.HespentmostofhiscareerattheUniversityofMinnesota,Min- neapolis,USA,whereheisprofessoremeritusintheDepartmentofPsychology.His research and teaching career spans social psychology, industrial/organizational psy- chology, individual differences, evolutionary psychology, and behavior genetics. His currentresearchinterestsareinthedomainsofsocialattitudes,personality,andvalues. StaceyL.BridgesisaninstructoratEastCentralUniversityinOklahomaCity,USA. Guillermo Campitelli is a senior lecturer at Edith Cowan University, Australia. He investigates individual differences in performance, judgments, and decisions with the ultimate goal of advancing knowledge to help individuals, organizations, and