Volume I: Theory & Research Edited by Paul Emmelkamp and Thomas Ehring THE WILEY HANDBOOK OF Anxiety Disorders Volume II: Clinical Assessment & Treatment Edited by Paul Emmelkamp and Thomas Ehring THE WILEY HANDBOOK OF Anxiety Disorders The Wiley Handbook of Anxiety Disorders The Wiley Handbook of Anxiety Disorders Volume I Theory and Research Edited by Paul Emmelkamp University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands Thomas Ehring University of Mu¨nster, Germany Thiseditionfirstpublished2014 ©2014JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd. RegisteredOffice JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK EditorialOffices 350MainStreet,Malden,MA02148-5020,USA 9600GarsingtonRoad,Oxford,OX42DQ,UK TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,forcustomerservices,andforinformationabouthowtoapply forpermissiontoreusethecopyrightmaterialinthisbookpleaseseeourwebsiteat www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. 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Coverimage:Abstractpainting©T30Gallery/Shutterstock CoverdesignbyCyanDesign Setin10/12.5ptGalliardbyAptaraInc.,NewDelhi,India 1 2014 Contents Contributors ix 1 GeneralIntroduction 1 PaulEmmelkampandThomasEhring PartI EpidemiologyandClassification 13 2 NosologyandClassification 15 DanJ.Stein 3 EpidemiologyandNaturalCourse 26 KatjaBeesdo-BaumandSusanneKnappe 4 DisabilityandCosts 47 RonaldC.Kessler,JordiAlonso,SomnathChatterji,andYanlingHe 5 AnxietyDisordersinPrimaryCare 58 MichaelKyrios 6 Cross-culturalAspectsofAnxietyDisorders 69 GurvinderKalra,AlexTill,andDineshBhugra PartII EtiologyofAnxietyDisorders 83 7 LearningTheory 85 YannickBoddez,FrankBaeyens,DirkHermans,andTomBeckers 8 CognitiveTheory 104 ThomasEhring 9 InformationProcessing 125 PeterJ.deJong 10 DevelopmentalPsychopathology 148 SabineSeehagen,Ju¨rgenMargraf,andSilviaSchneider vi Contents 11 FamilyFactors 172 GuyBosmans,EvaVandevivere,AdindaDujardin,KathrynKerns, andCarolineBraet 12 EmotionRegulation 191 AmeliaAldaoandDouglasMennin 13 DispositionalBasisofAnxietyDisorders 201 DavidWatsonandSaraM.Stasik 14 GeneticFactorsandGene–EnvironmentInteractions 213 EduardMaronandJakovShlik 15 NeuroanatomyandNeuroimaging 233 FraukeNeesandHertaFlor 16 NeuroendocrinologyandNeurotransmitters 254 JasonGrayandBruceMcEwen 17 Psychophysiology 274 JensBlechertandFrankH.Wilhelm PartIII SpecificAnxietyDisordersandAnxiety-relatedDisorders 295 18 SpecificPhobias 297 ThomasG.Adams,CraigN.Sawchuk,JoshuaM.Cisler,JeffreyM.Lohr, andBunmiO.Olatunji 19 PanicDisorderandAgoraphobia 321 NormanB.Schmidt,KristinaJ.Korte,AaronM.Norr,MeghanE. Keough,andKiaraR.Timpano 20 SocialAnxietyDisorder 357 StefanG.Hofmann,B.Tu¨rku¨lerAka,andAlejandraPiquer 21 GeneralizedAnxietyDisorder 378 ElizabethS.Stevens,AlexanderA.Jendrusina,CaseySarapas, andEvelynBehar 22 AnxietyDisordersinChildrenandAdolescents 424 AmieE.Grills,LauraSeligman,andThomasOllendick 23 PosttraumaticStressDisorder 457 MichelleJ.Bovin,StephanieY.Wells,AnnM.Rasmusson,JasmeetP. Hayes,andPatriciaA.Resick 24 Obsessive-CompulsiveDisorder 497 DavidA.ClarkandAdrianadelPalacioGonza´lez 25 BodyDysmorphicDisorder 535 CorinnaM.Elliott,AndreaS.Hartmann,JenniferL.Greenberg,Anne C.Wilson,andSabineWilhelm Contents vii 26 Hypochondriasis 548 GabyBleichhardtandWinfriedRief 27 SexualAnxiety 567 NaylaAwada,SerenaCorsini-Munt,SophieBergeron,andNatalieRosen 28 TestAnxiety 581 MosheZeidner PartIV SpecialPopulations 597 29 AnxietyDisordersinOlderAdulthood 599 AndrewPetkus,CarolineMerz,andJulieLoebachWetherell 30 AnxietyDisordersinNon-WesternCountries 612 ToshiA.Furukawa PartV Prevention 623 31 PreventionofAnxietyDisorders 625 HeidiJ.Lyneham,RonaldM.Rapee,andJenniferL.Hudson