TheWard of Cripplegate in the City of London Caroline Gordon &WilfridDewhirst The Ward of Cripplegate in the City of London Aldermanand MrsW.A.Davis. On behalfofthe Ward ofCripplegate the Master, Wardens and a MembersoftheCripplegateWardClub offerthisbook as token oftheir esteem for their Alderman William Allan Davis on his election to beLord Mayorof London. Publicationhas beenmadepossiblebywide-rangingsupportthroughout the Ward and particularthanks are due to: The WorshipfulCompanyofHaberdashers The Worshipful CompanyofSalters The WorshipfulCompanyofPewterers The WorshipfulCompanyofBarbers BallsBrothers Limited British PetroleumPLC BrandeisIntsel(Brokers) Limited CooksonGroup PLC CowardChance Coopers& Lybrand The Cripplegate Foundation Grieveson, Grant&Co. Harris& Prentice Hill, Samuel& Co. Limited Lazard Brothers& Co. Limited PannellKerr Forster Philipp& Lion Phillips & Drew Russell & McIver Limited Sheppards& Chase Slaughter& May StephensonHarwood Wedd DurlacherMordaunt&Co. Whitbread& CompanyPLC TheWard ofCripplegate in the Cityof London CarolineGordon COMMONCOUNCILMAN WilfridDewhirst DEPUTY FOREWORD BY LORD BRIGGS Firstpublishedin1985by theCripplegateWard Club ©CarolineGordonand WilfridDewhirst1985 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybe reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or trans mitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, withoutthepriorpermission oftheauthors. Printedand boundinGreatBritain attheUniversityPress,Oxford byDavidStanford PrintertotheUniversity Designedand producedby Editorialand ProductionServicesLimited Contents Foreword IX Preface X I. IntheBeginning 2. TheVillagebecomesaCity again 6 3. TheEmergenceofaCivicGovernment 11 4. The BeginningoftheCripplegateWard 16 5. The People:TheirLivesandHomes 27 6. TheOriginsoftheOuterWard 39 7. The EvolvementofCity Government andtheInnerWard 50 8. ThePeopleandtheStreetScene 64 9. SomeAldermenofCripplegate 69 10. TheChurchand thePeople 81 11. DevelopmentsintheOuterWard 96 12. TheParishChurch-StGiles' 107 13. The Rectors ofStGiles' and the Non-Conformists 115 14. The BeginningoftheModernCity 125 15. FromProsperityintoWar 139 16. 'DestructionandSurvival' 149 Appendix 1. The AldermenofCripplegate 156 Appendix2. Officersofthe WardCluband CommonCouncilmen, 1985 163 Index 165 vii Illustrations and Maps Aldermanand MrsW. A. Davis 11 The residence of a Saxon nobleman. Reproduced by courtesy of Peter Newark's HistoricalPictures. 8 A Saxondinner-party. CottonMS. Peter Newark's HistoricalPictures. 8 FromAgar'smapofLondon, 1565. 26 From Morgan'smapof1682. 40,41 'Thesetradesmenarepreachersinthe CityofLondon.' FromaBroadside of1647.PeterNewark'sHistoricalPictures. 55 ViewofCheapside with the ProcessionofMariede'Medici. FromSerre's 'Entreede la Reyne Meredu Roy.' Peter Newark's HistoricalPictures. 65 Satire on Alderman Abel, Monopolist ofWines, and his Wife. From a Broadsideof1641. Peter Newark's Historical Pictures. 79 The Lord Mayor's Show, 1750. Engraving by Jackson after Hogarth. Reproducedby courtesyofthe MansellCollection. 79 A drover herding sheep in Fore Street with St Giles' Church in the background. Wash drawing by T. H. Shepherd. Reproducedby courtesy ofthe Museum ofLondon. 100 George Whitefield preaching in Moorfields, 1742. Engraving by W. ThomasafterEyre Crowe. The MansellCollection. 119 From a Londonmap of1919. 124 St Giles' Church, Cripplegate, and old houses. Pen drawing by Hanslip Fletcher. The Museum ofLondon. 136 From the Ordnance Survey map ofGreater London, 1979. Reproduced with thepermission ofthe Controller ofHer Majesty's Stationery Office. Crown Copyright reserved. 150 Unfinished work, Barbican, September 1963. Drawing by Charlotte Halliday. Reproducedby courtesyofSir Gilbert Inglefield. 153 Vlll Foreword Localhistory isa thrivingsubject in the late-twentiethcentury. This interesting study oftheWard ofCripplegatein the City of London, sponsored by the very active Ward Club, is a good example of the kind of work that is being done. Basedoninsideknowledgeand onexperienceaswellason research, itdraws on the willing help and enthusiasm of many people. It deals with the history of familiesand of theenvironmentaswellas ofpersonalitiesand institutions, and it isconcerned throughout inlivelyfashion with the relationship between con tinuityand change. Itisimpossibleto describe the historyofaLondonWard, however, assimply beinglocalhistory, fascinating though thathistorymay be.The City ofLondon isnotjustoneotherlocality. Itfiguresprominentlyinnationaland international history. Within it, Cripplegate Ward, the second largest in the City, was in its early history one of the most influential of Wards, and its subsequent history, whentreatedindetail, illuminatesthe historyofbothCity governmentand City businessat almosteverypoint. No fewerthan sixLiveryCompanies have their hallsinCripplegate. In most recent times the old geographical boundary between the Inner and Outer Cripplegate Wards has disappeared, but this change has been over shadowed by the implementation of the Barbican project which brings large numbers ofpeople to Cripplegate, including residents, who would otherwise haveneverseenit.They willdoubtlessbeamong the readers ofthis bookwhich deservesto bewidelyknown inside and outsideCripplegate. Asa Briggs WorcesterCollege, Oxford,August 1985 IX