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Beeson, © 2013, ISBN: 0132658127 For a full listing of the latest resources of interest, browse our online catalog at www.pearsonhighered.com Ninth Edition The Voice and Voice Therapy Daniel R. Boone University of Arizona STephen C. McFaRlane University of Nevada Medical School Shelley l. Von BeRg California State University, Chico RiChaRD i. ZRaiCk University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences/ University of Arkansas at Little Rock Boston • Columbus • Indianapolis • New York • San Francisco • Upper Saddle River Amsterdam • Cape Town • Dubai • London • Madrid • Milan • Munich • Paris • Montréal • Toronto Delhi • Mexico City • São Paulo • Sydney • Hong Kong • Seoul • Singapore • Taipei • Tokyo Executive Editor and Publisher: Stephen D. Dragin Editorial Assistant: Michelle Hochberg Marketing Manager: Joanna Sabella Production Editor: Mary Beth Finch Editorial Production Service: Jouve North America Manufacturing Buyer: Megan Cochran Electronic Composition: Jouve India Interior Design: Jouve North America Cover Designer: Laura Gardner Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with   permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2005, 2000, 1994 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights  reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by  Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited  reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means,  electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to  use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc.,  Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458, or you may  fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are  claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher  was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or  all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Boone, Daniel R.   The voice and voice therapy/Daniel R. Boone, University of Arizona, Stephen  C. McFarlane, University of Nevada Medical School, Shelley L. von Berg, California  State University, Chico, Richard I. Zraick, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences/ University of Arkansas at Little Rock. —Ninth edition.     pages cm   Includes bibliographical references and index.   ISBN-13: 978-0-13-300702-2   ISBN-10: 0-13-300702-2   1.  Voice disorders—Textbooks.  I. McFarlane, Stephen C.  II. Von Berg, Shelley L. III. Zraick, Richard I., 1962–  IV. Title.   RF540.B66 2013   616.85’56—dc23 2012050999 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN-10: 0-13-300702-2 ISBN-13: 978-0-13-300702-2 From Dan to his sister, Barbara Boone Brueggemann, who typed the raw manuscripts of the first two editions of this textbook. From Stephen to his wife, Patty, and his family. From Shelley to her mother, Sarah Von Berg, an extraordinary speech pathologist and mentor. From Richard to his wife, Amanda, and his twin daughters, Kaitlyn and Brooklyn, whose voices fill his heart with joy. This page intentionally left blank about the authors Daniel R. Boone celebrates his 60th year as a speech-language pathologist with the  publishing of this ninth edition of The Voice and Voice Therapy. Dr. Boone has  held professorships over the years at Case Western Reserve University, University of  Kansas Medical Center, University of Denver, and the University of Arizona (where  he is now a professor emeritus). Dr. Boone is a former president of the American  Speech-Language-Hearing Association and holds both a Fellowship and the Honors  of that organization. He is the author of over 100 publications and is well known  nationally and internationally for his many workshop presentations. Dr. Boone is  perhaps best known for his love of his students and turning them on to the excite- ment of clinical voice practice. Stephen C. McFarlane is a professor emeritus at the School of Medicine at the  University of Nevada, Reno. He was awarded ASHA Fellowship in 1982 and ASHA  Honors in 1999. He received both his B.S. and M.S. degrees from Portland State  University and his Ph.D. degree from the University of Washington. Dr. McFarlane  has a long history of research interests in the area of voice disorders. Study of the  outcomes from voice therapy and the development of new treatment techniques is  of particular interest. His scholarly work has been published in dozens of books  and journals, among them Seminars in Speech and Language; American Journal of Speech Language Pathology; Phonoscope; and Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery. Shelley l. Von Berg teaches, practices, and researches in the areas of voice, dys- phagia, and motor speech disorders in adults and children in the Department of  Communication Sciences and Disorders at California State University, Chico, where  she holds the rank of Associate Professor. She earned her M.S. and Ph.D. degrees  from the School of Medicine at the University of Nevada, Reno. She has presented  on the assessment and intervention of neurogenic speech-language disorders nation- ally and abroad. She also teaches abroad on occasion. Dr. Von Berg has been pub- lished in the ASHA Leader Series; Unmasking Voice Disorders; Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools; Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery; Cleft Palate–Craniofacial Journal; and AAC Journal. Areas of inter- est are intelligibility and comprehensibility of synthetic speech and speech produced  by individuals with motor speech disorders. Richard i. Zraick holds the rank of Professor in the Department of Audiology and  Speech Pathology, a consortium program offered by the University of Arkansas for  Medical Sciences (UAMS) and the University of Arkansas at Little Rock (UALR).  He earned his doctorate at Arizona State University. Dr. Zraick is a clinician and  teacher-scholar with over 25 years of experience in clinical practice and academia.  His research grants, journal articles, and book chapters are in the areas of voice  v vi about the authors  disorders, neurogenic speech-language disorders, speech and voice perception, clini- cal skills training, and health literacy. He regularly speaks about these topics at  state, regional, and national scientific and professional conventions. He is a recipi- ent of multiple Faculty Excellence in Research and Faculty Excellence in Teaching  awards from both UALR and UAMS. Contents Preface xv Chapter 1 an introduction to Voice Disorders and Their Management 1 The Biological Function of the Larynx 2 The Emotional Function of the Larynx 3 The Linguistic Function of the Voice 4 Prevalence of Voice Disorders in the General Population 5 Prevalence of Voice Disorders in Special Populations 6 Prevalence of Voice Disorders in Children 7 Prevalence of Voice Disorders in the Elderly 7 Prevalence of Voice Disorders in Teachers and Student Teachers 8 Prevalence of Voice Disorders in SLPs and Future SLPs 9 Kinds of Voice Disorders 9 Functional Voice Disorders 10 Organic Voice Disorders 11 Neurogenic Voice Disorders 11 Management and Therapy for Voice Disorders 12 Summary 15 Clinical Concepts 15 Guided Reading 16 Preparing for the PRaxisTM 16 Chapter 2 normal Voice: anatomy and physiology Throughout the lifespan 18 Normal Aspects of Voice 19 Normal Processes of Voice Production 19 The Respiratory System 20 Structures of Respiration 20 The Bony Thorax 20 The Muscles of Respiration 21 The Inspiratory Muscles 22 The Expiratory Muscles 26 The Tracheobronchial Tree 26 vii