“The United Nations Trusteeship System offers a compelling global explor- ation of the phenomenon of trusteeship in the second half of the twentieth century. Building on an extensive body of scholarship on the United Nations Trusteeship System, these scholars elucidate important continuities with the past but also critical resonances with the present. The chapters in this volume expertly navigate between the global and the local and offer historical perspectives from both Western actors and the inhabitants of trust territories. This book will be essential reading for anyone looking to understand the his- tory of the United Nations as well as scholars and students of European colo- nialism and decolonization in the twentieth century.” Jessica Lynne Pearson, Macalester College, USA The United Nations Trusteeship System This book considers the past and present legacies, continuities and change of the United Nations Trusteeship System by assessing consequences and leg- acies of decolonization in contemporary society, international organizations and international politics. International contributors address the UN Trusteeship System as a venue for multiple state and non-s tate actors and its effect on the international system. Rather than viewing UN trusteeship as a bygone phenomenon, the volume underscores its current relevance, particu- larly in view of the recent resurgence of trusteeship models such as in Kosovo and East Timor. Offering a novel and robust, yet simple and intuitive analyt- ical framework through which to understand a broad range of cases related to the Trusteeship System and its impact on the international system, the book places emphasis on the agency of states in the Global South and highlights the importance of multiple actors in global governance. It will be of interest to scholars of international relations theory and history in a variety of fields, ranging from African Politics to Intergovernmental Organizations and Comparative Politics. Jan Lüdert is the Head of Programs at the German Centre for Research and Innovation, New York City. He previously served as Associate Professor at City University of Seattle. Maria Ketzmerick is an assistant professor at the University of Bayreuth and a Principal Investigator in the Network ‘Postcolonial Hierarchies’. Julius Heise is a doctoral researcher at the Marburg Center for Conflict Studies (CCS) and research fellow at the collaborative research center ‘Dynamics of Security’. Global Institutions Edited by Thomas G. Weiss, The CUNY Graduate Center, New York, USA and Rorden Wilkinson, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia About the series The “Global Institutions Series” provides cutting-e dge books about many aspects of what we know as “global governance.” It emerges from our shared frustrations with the state of available knowledge— electronic and print- wise— for research and teaching. The series is designed as a resource for those interested in exploring issues of international organization and global govern- ance. And since the first volumes appeared in 2005, we have taken significant strides toward filling many conceptual gaps. The books in the series also provide a segue to the foundation volume that offers the most comprehensive textbook treatment available dealing with all the major issues, approaches, institutions, and actors in contemporary global gov- ernance. The second edition of our edited work International Organization and Global Governance (2018) contains essays by many of the authors in the series. Understanding global governance— past, present, and future— is far from a finished journey. The books in this series nonetheless represent significant steps toward a better way of conceiving contemporary problems and issues as well as, hopefully, doing something to improve world order. We value the feedback from our readers and their role in helping shape the on-g oing devel- opment of the series. A complete list of titles can be viewed online here: www.routle dge.com/ Glo bal- Insti tuti ons/b ook- ser ies/G I. Network Governance of the UN Human Rights Council Diplomatic, Institutional, and Organizational Actors Anatoly Boyashov The United Nations Trusteeship System Legacies, Continuities, and Change Edited by Jan Lüdert, Maria Ketzmerick, and Julius Heise The United Nations Trusteeship System Legacies, Continuities, and Change Edited by Jan Lüdert, Maria Ketzmerick, and Julius Heise First published 2023 by Routledge 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Jan Lüdert, Maria Ketzmerick, and Julius Heise; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Jan Lüdert, Maria Ketzmerick, and Julius Heise to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing- in- Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 978- 1- 032- 02802- 6 (hbk) ISBN: 978- 1- 032- 02805- 7 (pbk) ISBN: 978- 1- 003- 18526- 0 (ebk) DOI: 10.4324/ 9781003185260 Typeset in Times New Roman by Newgen Publishing UK Contents List of Figures ix List of Contributors x Foreword by Alanna O’Malley xii Preface xix Acknowledgments xxi 1 Introduction 1 MARIA KETZMERICK, JAN LÜDERT, AND JULIUS HEISE 2 Institutional Design of the UN Trusteeship System: Between Colonial Interests and Anti- Colonial Ambitions 13 JAN LÜDERT 3 Decolonization and (the Limits of) UN Agency: The UN Secretariat and the Trusteeship System 43 EVA- MARIA MUSCHIK 4 Partitioning Togoland by Nullifying the Right to Petition 67 JULIUS HEISE 5 A Colonial War Under UN Supervision? The Trusteeship System and the Silenced War in Cameroon 95 MARIA KETZMERICK 6 Colonial Legacies of Decolonization: The Trust Territory of Somaliland and Italian Behavior toward the Horn of Africa 114 ALESSIA TORTOLINI viii Contents 7 Nuclear Testing on the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands: How the US Became an Imperial Power in the Region of Micronesia 132 ELISA LECLERC 8 “Now the UN Has Its First Colony”: Technical Assistance and Informal Trusteeship during the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Congo, 1960 151 MARGOT TUDOR 9 Breaking with the Past? Neo- Trusteeship in the 21st Century 169 WERNER DISTLER 10 Trusteeship as Affective Arrangement: Exploring Affective Practices of an International Bureaucracy 190 THORSTEN BONACKER Index 213 Figures 3.1 UN Secretary- General Trygve Lie (center) with Victor Hoo (left), Assistant Secretary- General in charge of the UN Secretariat’s Department of Trusteeship and Information from Non- Self- Governing Territories and Ralph Bunche (right), Director of the Trusteeship Division of the Department, New York City, 1947 55 4.1 Partition of Eweland (1920– 1957) 71 4.2 Petitions under Mandates System 72 4.3 French and British Togoland petitions handled by the Council 78 4.4 Written petitions on the Council’s Agenda 82 4.5 Number of oral hearings before the Fourth Committee 85 10.1 UN Trusteeship mission visits French Cameroons (1955) 205 10.2 UN Trusteeship mission visits British Cameroon (ca.1955) 207 10.3 UN Trusteeship mission visits New Guinea (1956) 208