the text of the Apostolos in AthAnAsius of AlexAndriA The new testament in the Greek fathers edited by roderic l. Mullen number 8 the text of the Apostolos in AthAnAsius of AlexAndriA Gerald J. donker the text of the Apostolos in AthAnAsius of AlexAndriA Gerald J. donker society of Biblical literature Atlanta the text of the Apostolos in AthAnAsius of AlexAndriA Copyright © 2011 by the society of Biblical literature All rights reserved. no part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permitted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the rights and permissions office, society of Biblical literature, 825 houston Mill road, Atlanta, GA 30329, usA. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data donker, Gerald J. The text of the Apostolos in Athanasius of Alexandria / by Gerald J. donker. p. cm. — (society of Biblical literature new testament and the Greek fathers ; no. 8) includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. isBn 978-1-58983-550-4 (pbk. : alk. paper) — isBn 978-1-58983-551-1 (electronic format) 1. orthodox eastern Church. Apostolos. 2. Athanasius, saint, patriarch of Alexandria, d. 373. 3. orthodox eastern Church—liturgy—texts—history and criticism. i. title. Bx375.A65d66 2011 225.6’6—dc22 2011016328 printed on acid-free, recycled paper conforming to Ansi/niso Z39.48–1992 (r1997) and iso 9706:1994 Contents Series Editor’s Foreword � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � vii Author’s Preface � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ix List of Abbreviations � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � xi List of Tables � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � xiii List of Figures � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � xvii Introduction � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1 1 Athanasius of Alexandria and His Writings � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 7 2 Athanasius and the Text of the Apostolos � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 29 3 The Apostolos of Athanasius: Text and Apparatus � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 47 4 The Methodology of Textual Analysis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 203 5 Quantitative Analysis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 227 6 Group Profile Analysis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 245 7 Statistical and Multivariate Analysis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 265 8 Conclusion � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 313 Appendix A Tables � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 317 Appendix B Figures � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 349 Appendix C References for the Book of Acts: Ernest–Donker � � � � � � � � � � � 355 Appendix D The Apostolos of Athanasius in the Critical Apparatus of NA27 and UBS4 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 357 Bibliography � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 360 Series Editor’s Foreword Athanasius of Alexandria stands as one of the great figures among patristic writers, important not only as a theologian and bishop but also as a witness to the developing canon of the New Testament� His quotations from the Apostolos have much to teach us about the state of the text in fourth-century Egypt� Because the quotations derive from detailed theological and controversial works and from several of Athanasius’ letters setting forth his positions, contexts in which patris- tic authors are generally believed to have taken special care with their biblical references, they have added value as witnesses to the nature of the New Testament text current in his day� The Society of Biblical Literature’s series entitled The New Testament in the Greek Fathers has often presented ground-breaking works in the analysis of patristic references� With the publication in this series of Gerald Donker’s study on the text of the Apostolos according to Athanasius, the analysis of patristic wit- nesses to the New Testament has taken a significant methodological leap ahead� For some years the present editor has believed that the New Testament textual data can more easily be understood if it is displayed in more than two dimen- sions, and the figures in Donker’s work now demonstrate some of the potential of a more spatially-oriented display of the results derived from patristic material� We are, therefore, proud to present a much more detailed analysis of patristic references than has been possible heretofore in this series and also to be able to present the supporting data online� Insofar as the author received his doctorate in Australia and now teaches in Africa, this is also the first time that a work in this series has been both written and prepared for press by an author outside of North America� One of the advantages of studying patristic references to the New Testament is that scholars can gain an understanding of the text over time� Various ear- lier works in this series on the texts used by Clement of Alexandria, Origen and Didymus have also focused on Alexandria� Now, with the addition of a study of Athanasius, our picture of the New Testament as known and used in that city becomes yet clearer� While the classic notion of text-types has been challenged recently, the ability to identify and visually represent textual streams perduring over some centuries adds greatly to our understanding both of the text itself, broadly construed, and of the community that produced and transmitted it� In that light, the present work demonstrates that the Athanasian text may be seen as standing within the Alexandrian textual stream, though not always at the center of it� It will be noted that the present volume, number 8 in the series, appears some years later than volume 9� The work necessary to prepare a manuscript for the press can be time consuming, and the dissertation originally scheduled to appear as number 8 in the series has not as yet become available for publication� vii viii It is to be hoped that in future more scholars will be able to present the results of their work in this series� Roderic L� Mullen, Editor, The New Testament in the Greek Fathers Author’s Preface The journey from my initial interest in New Testament text-critical issues during undergraduate theological studies in the early 90’s to the completion of a doctoral research project and this subsequent monograph has been some- what convoluted, spanning a little over two decades� My first exposure to and interest in textual criticism of the New Testament was as a result of attending some lectures given by Gordon Fee, the original editor of the SBLNTGF series, during a visit he made to Australia in 1990� After completing a BTh in 1994 I was involved in pastoral ministry, further study to complete an MA and, alongside my wife and (then) two small daughters, preparing for missions work in Africa� We arrived in Sudan in late 1999 and lived there for 6 and a half years while I taught at Nile Theological College in Khartoum� During these years my inter- est in text-critical research was somewhat muted but not forgotten� Events in Sudan following the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement between North and South provided the opportune time to finally pursue doctoral studies and after some initial enquiries I eventually narrowed my research interest to the New Testament in the Greek Fathers and particularly Athanasius of Alexandria (our mutual connection from having lived in Africa a not inconsiderable factor)� This monograph, which presents a slightly revised version of a PhD thesis submitted and accepted at Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia in October 2009 is the culmination of that journey� This journey however has not been undertaken alone and while the writing of a thesis and subsequent editing for presentation in a revised form such as this may sometimes be a lonely task it can never be considered an isolated endeav- our� Many people have provided inspiration, encouragement and practical help to enable completion� While the list is ultimately too long, I would like here to acknowledge some especially: Ted Woods for suggesting I contact Macquarie University as a suitable location in Australia to conduct my research� Alanna Nobbs, Head of the Department of Ancient History, Macquarie University who was helpful and encouraging from the outset� Grateful appreciation goes to my Doctoral Supervisors: Don Barker who provided judicious oversight and guidance throughout the whole process and Stephen Llewelyn whose advice was particularly helpful in the latter stages of compilation and editing� Special thanks are due to Tim Finney without whose inspiration, concerning the use of multivariate analysis, this project would not have found focus and final form� He willingly made available his computer programs for use in my analysis� Our ongoing dialogue has also helped refine my approach� I am grateful for his indi- cations that this contact has been mutually beneficial� A number of individuals and institutions were involved in providing other resources: Rod Mullen for supplying a number of manuscript resources, the Ancient Biblical Manuscript Centre, Claremont, California for providing ix