TTTTThhhhheeeee TTTTTeeeeeaaaaaccccchhhhhiiiiinnnnngggggsssss ooooofffff BBBBBhhhhhaaaaagggggaaaaavvvvvaaaaannnnn SSSSSrrrrriiiii RRRRRaaaaammmmmaaaaannnnnaaaaa MMMMMaaaaahhhhhaaaaarrrrrssssshhhhhiiiii iiiiinnnnn HHHHHiiiiisssss OOOOOwwwwwnnnnn WWWWWooooorrrrrdddddsssss Edited by: ARTHUR OSBORNE SRI RAMANASRAMAM Tiruvannamalai 2002 © Sri Ramanasramam Tiruvannamalai Seventh Edition : 1996 - copies 5,000 Eighth Edition : 2002 - copies 3,000 Price: Rs. CC No: 1062 ISBN: 81-88018-15-5 Published by V.S. RAMANAN President, Board of Trustees Sri Ramanasramam Tiruvannamalai 606 603 Tamil Nadu India Tel: 91-4175-237292/237200 Tel/Fax: 91-4175-237491 Email: [email protected] Website: www.ramana-maharshi.org Published also by Messrs. Rider & Company, London, England for sale outside India. Designed and typeset at Sri Ramanasramam Printed by Kartik Printers Chennai 600 015 PPPPPRRRRREEEEEFFFFFAAAAACCCCCEEEEE During the half century and more of his life at Tiruvannamalai, Bhagavan Sri Ramana Maharshi was visited by a constant stream of people from all parts of India, and by many from the West, seeking spiritual guidance, or consolation in grief, or simply the experience of his presence. He wrote very little all these years, but a number of records of his talks with visitors were kept and subsequently published by his Ashram. These are mostly in diary form, with little arrangement according to subject. The purpose of the present book is to build up a general exposition of the Maharshi’s teachings by selecting and fitting together passages from these dialogues and from his writings (published as The Collected Works of Sri Ramana Maharshi, by Messrs. Rider & Co., in England and by Sri Ramanasramam in India). The editor’s comments have been kept to a minimum and are printed in smaller type to distinguish them clearly from the Maharshi’s own words. No distinction is made between the periods at which the Maharshi made any statement, and none is needed, for he was not a philosopher working out a system but a Realised Man speaking from direct knowledge. It sometimes happens that one who is on a spiritual path, or even who has not yet begun consciously seeking, has a glimpse of Realisation during which, for a brief eternity, he experiences absolute certainty of his divine, immutable, universal Self. Such an experience came to the Maharshi when he was a lad of sixteen. He himself has described it: It was about six weeks before I left Madurai for good that the great change in my life took place. It was quite sudden. I was iv sitting alone in a room on the first floor of my uncle’s house. I seldom had any sickness, and on that day there was nothing wrong with my health, but a sudden violent fear of death overtook me. There was nothing in my state of health to account for it, and I did not try to account for it or to find out whether there was any reason for the fear. I just felt ‘I am going to die’ and began thinking what to do about it. It did not occur to me to consult a doctor, or my elders or friends; I felt that I had to solve the problem myself, there and then. The shock of the fear of death drove my mind inwards and I said to myself mentally, without actually framing the words: ‘Now death has come; what does it mean? What is it that is dying? The body dies.’ And I at once dramatised the occurrence of death. I lay with my limbs stretched out stiff as though rigor mortis had set in, and imitated a corpse so as to give greater reality to the enquiry. I held my breath and kept my lips tightly closed so that no sound could escape, so that neither the word ‘I’ nor any other word could be uttered. ‘Well then,’ I said to myself, ‘this body is dead. It will be carried stiff to the burning ground and there burnt and reduced to ashes. But with the death of this body am I dead? Is the body I? It is silent and inert but I feel the full force of my personality and even the voice of the “I” within me, apart from it. So I am Spirit transcending the body. The body dies but the Spirit that transcends it cannot be touched by death. That means I am the deathless Spirit.’ All this was not dull thought; it flashed through me vividly as living truth which I perceived directly, almost without thought-process. ‘I’ was something very real, the only real thing about my present state, and all the conscious activity connected with my body was centred on that ‘I’. From that moment onwards the ‘I’ or Self, focused attention on Itself by a powerful fascination. Fear of death had vanished once and for all. Absorption in the Self continued unbroken from that time on.1 1 R. M., pp. 8-10. v It is the last sentence that is the most remarkable, because usually such an experience soon passes, although the impression of certainty that it leaves on the mind is never afterwards forgotten. Very rare are the cases when it remains permanent, leaving a man thenceforth in constant identity with the Universal Self. Such a one was the Maharshi. Soon after this change occurred, the youth who was later to be known as ‘the Maharshi’ left home as a sadhu. He made his way to Tiruvannamalai, the town at the foot of the holy hill of Arunachala, and remained there for the rest of his life. For a while he sat immersed in Divine Bliss, not speaking, scarcely eating, utterly neglecting the body he no longer needed. Gradually, however, devotees gathered around him and, for their sake, he returned to an outwardly normal life. Many of them, craving instruction, brought him books to read and expound, and he thus became learned almost by accident, neither seeking nor valuing learning. The ancient teaching of non-duality that he thus acquired merely formalised what he had already realised. He has explained this himself: I had read no books except the Periapuranam, The Bible and bits of Thayumanavar or Thevaram. My conception of Ishwara was similar to that found in the Puranas; I had never heard of Brahman, samsara and so forth. I did not yet know that there was an essence or impersonal Real underlying everything, and that Ishwara and I were both identical with It. Later at Tiruvannamalai, as I listened to the Ribhu Gita and other sacred books, I learned all this and found that the books were analysing and naming what I had felt intuitively without analysis or name.1 1 R. M., p. 16. vi Perhaps something should be said about the Maharshi’s way of answering questions. There was nothing heavy or pontifical about it. He spoke freely and his replies were often given with laughter and humour. If the questioner was not satisfied, he was free to object or ask further questions. It has been said that the Maharshi taught in silence, but this does not mean that he gave no verbal expositions, only that these were not the essential teaching. That was experienced as a silent influence in the Heart. The power of his presence was overwhelming and his beauty indescribable, and yet, at the same time, he was utterly simple, utterly natural, unassuming, unpretentious, unaffected. For the sake of uniformity, the questioner has been referred to in the dialogues in this book as ‘D’, standing for devotee, except in cases where the name is given or where for some reason, the word ‘devotee’ would not apply. The Maharshi has been referred to as ‘B’, standing for Bhagavan, since it was usual to address him by this name and in the third person. Actually, it is a word commonly used to mean ‘God’ but it is used also in those rare cases where a man is felt to be, as Christ put it, ‘One with the Father’. It is the same as the name for the Buddha, commonly translated into English as the ‘Blessed One’. So far as is possible, Sanskrit words have been avoided, and it usually has been possible. The purpose of this is to make the book easier to read, and also to avoid giving the false impression that the quest of Self-Realisation is some intricate science, which can be understood only with a knowledge of Sanskrit terminology. It is true that there are spiritual sciences which have a necessary technical terminology, but they are more indirect. The clear and simple truth of non-duality which Bhagavan taught, and the direct path of Self-enquiry which he vii enjoined, can be expounded in simple language; and indeed, he himself expounded them so to Western visitors, without having recourse to Sanskrit terminology. In the rare cases where a Sanskrit term has seemed necessary or useful in this book, its approximate meaning has been indicated in brackets, so that no glossary is necessary. It may also be remarked that the English words – Enlightenment, Liberation, and Self-Realisation have all been used with the same meaning, to correspond with the Sanskrit words Jnana, Moksha and Mukti. In places where the English of the source quoted seemed infelicitous, it has been altered. This implies no infidelity to the texts since the replies were mostly given in Tamil or other South Indian languages, and later rendered into English. The meaning has not been changed. ARTHUR OSBORNE LLLLLIIIIISSSSSTTTTT OOOOOFFFFF AAAAABBBBBBBBBBRRRRREEEEEVVVVVIIIIIAAAAATTTTTIIIIIOOOOONNNNNSSSSS T. : Talks with Sri Ramana Maharshi D.D. : Day by Day with Bhagavan by A. Devaraja Mudaliar (5th Edition, 2002) M.G. : Maharshi’s Gospel (12th Edition, 2000) S.D.B. : Sat Darshana Bhashya R.M. : Ramana Maharshi and the Path of Self-knowledge by Arthur Osborne (2nd Edition, 2002) W. : Who am I? S.E. : Self-Enquiry S.I. : Spiritual Instruction E.I. : Essence of Instruction F.V. : Forty Verses F.V.S. : Supplementary Forty Verses Reference numbers refer to page numbers except with Essence of Instruction, Forty Verses, and Supplement, in which they refer to the number of the verses, and Talks with Sri Ramana Maharshi, in which they refer to the serial number of the Talks. CCCCCOOOOONNNNNTTTTTEEEEENNNNNTTTTTSSSSS Page PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . III LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS1 . . . . . . . . VIII CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . IX CHAPTER I THE BASIC THEORY . . . . . . . . 1 CHAPTER II FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE . . . . . . 59 CHAPTER III LIFE IN THE WORLD . . . . . . . . 72 CHAPTER IV THE GURU . . . . . . . . . . 91 CHAPTER V SELF ENQUIRY. . . . . . . . . . 109 CHAPTER VI OTHER METHODS . . . . . . . . 141 CHAPTER VII THE GOAL . . . . . . . . . . 179 INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . 205