The Suzaku Data Reduction Guide –also known as the ABC Guide– Version 2 — Processing version 2.X January 2008 Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS/JAXA) and the X-ray Astrophysics Laboratory NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Copies of this guide are available in the following formats: ABC Guide ii html - http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/suzaku/analysis/abc/ postscript-ftp://legacy.gsfc.nasa.gov/suzaku/doc/general/suzaku abc guide.ps.gz pdf - ftp://legacy.gsfc.nasa.gov/suzaku/doc/general/suzaku abc guide.pdf Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Software 3 2.1 CALDB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2 XSELECT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.3 XANADU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.4 Profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3 Suzaku Data Specifics and Conventions 6 3.1 Directory and Data File Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.1.1 Retrieving the data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.1.2 Organization of the data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.2 Filenames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.3 Suzaku Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.4 Photon Energies and Pulse-heights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.5 Timing Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.6 Suzaku Telemetry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.6.1 Data rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.6.2 Allocations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.6.3 Telemetry Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.7 xselect Default Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4 Suzaku Data Analysis Overview 15 4.1 Important Events and Processing Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 i ABC Guide ii 4.2 Checking for Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4.3 Unfiltered or Screened? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4.4 Spectral Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.5 Timing Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4.6 Imaging Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4.7 Recipe 1: XIS Spectral Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4.8 Recipe 2: HXD/PIN Spectral Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 5 The “README FIRST” of Suzaku data analysis 23 5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.2 XIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.2.1 Loss of XIS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.2.2 Contamination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 5.2.3 SCI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 5.2.4 Energy scale for non-SCI data taken in 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 5.2.5 Flux calibration for small extraction regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 5.2.6 Updated calibration of energy scale for SCI data . . . . . . . . . . . 26 5.2.7 Timing mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 5.3 HXD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 5.3.1 GSO background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 5.3.2 PIN Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5.3.3 PIN responses by epoch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5.3.4 Energy range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5.4 Cross calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 6 XIS Data Analysis 29 6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 6.2 Content of the Cleaned Event Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 6.3 Updating CTI calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 6.4 Extracting Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 6.4.1 Additional screening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 6.4.2 Region Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 ABC Guide iii 6.5 Generating RMF and ARF files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 6.5.1 Generating RMF and ARF with xisresp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 6.5.2 Combining Spectral files and Responses using addascaspec . . . . . 34 6.5.3 Generating RMF files using xisrmfgen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 6.5.4 Generating ARF files using xissimarfgen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 6.5.5 Tips for Faster Spectral Fits of XIS Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 6.6 Subtracting the non X-ray Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 6.6.1 Xisnxbgen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 6.7 Creating an exposure map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 6.7.1 Types of Exposure Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 6.7.2 Running xissim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 6.7.3 Extracting a flat field image using xselect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 6.7.4 Smoothing the flat field image (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 6.7.5 Applying the flat field image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 6.8 Initial Processing: the details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 6.8.1 Calculating Sky Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 6.8.2 Put Pixel Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 6.8.3 Computing the PI for XIS events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 6.9 Standard Screening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 6.9.1 Bad pixel filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 6.9.2 Grade Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 7 HXD Data Analysis 54 7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 7.2 Content of the Cleaned Event Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 7.3 Spectral Analysis of PIN Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 7.3.1 Download background files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 7.3.2 Spectral Extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 7.3.3 Spectral Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 7.4 Spectral Analysis of GSO Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 7.5 Timing Analysis of PIN Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 ABC Guide iv 7.6 Initial Processing: the details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 7.7 Standard Screening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 7.7.1 Time Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 7.7.2 Gain History Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 7.7.3 Pulse Height Corrections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 7.7.4 Calculating Event Grade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 7.8 Extracting Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 7.8.1 General Selection criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 7.8.2 Separating PIN and GSO data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 7.9 WAM Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 7.9.1 hxdwamtime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 7.9.2 hxdmkwamgainhist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 7.9.3 hxdwampi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 7.9.4 hxdwamgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 7.9.5 hxdbsttime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 A Acronyms 73 B Important Web/e-mail addresses 77 List of Figures 5.1 Anempiricalmodelfortheon-axiscontaminationevolution,assumingDEHP(C24H38O4, or C/O = 6 by number) as contaminant. The data points are derived from repeated observations of E0102−72. The solid lines show the model of the time evolution of the contamination as provided in calibration files dated 2007-09-20, while dotted lines show the earlier model (2006-10-16). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 6.1 An example of point source extraction region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 6.2 An example showing extendedsource extraction regions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 7.1 Schematic picture of the HXD instrument, which consists of two types of detectors: the PIN diodes located in the front of the GSO scintillator, and the scintillator itself. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 7.2 Numbering of the Well and Anti-counter units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 v List of Tables 3.1 Typesof coordinates andcoordinaterelated variables andtheirpossiblevalues 10 3.2 Telemetry limits (in events/s) in different XIS modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 6.1 XIS calibration steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 6.2 XIS Screening Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 7.1 Screening applied to cleaned HXD event files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 7.2 HXD Calibration Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 7.3 HXD/PIN response files by epoch; XXXXX=xinom, hxnom, flat . . . . . . 59 1 Chapter 1 Introduction This document is meant as a guide and reference for scientists who are generally familiar withastronomical X-ray analysis andtheSuzakuinstrumentsandwanttouseSuzakudata to extract scientific results. General information on the Suzaku satellite may be obtained from the Suzaku Guest Observer Facility (GOF) page, http://suzaku.gsfc.nasa.gov. Readers who are not familiar with the Suzaku instru- ments may wish to read the technical appendix of the NASA Research Announcement (NRA), available at: http://suzaku.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/suzaku/prop tools/suzaku td. This document is intended to familiarize the readers with the standard procedure for Suzaku data analysis. Unusual data modes, complex data reduction methods, and ad- vanced data analysis techniques are outside its present scope but could be added as time progresses. This version corresponds to the analysis of Version 2 processed data. References will be made to Version 1 processed data as a historical record and to ease transition. Changes from Version 1 are substantial enough that we recommend that older versions of this guide and other materials be discarded. We also strongly recommend that users start their analysis from Version 2 processed data. The software needed for Suzaku data analysis is described in Chapter 2, including instructions for its downloading and installation. In Chapter 3, we explain the Suzaku data directory structure, coordinate systems, and file names and formats. In Chapter 4, we provide a broad overview of the data analysis flow. In Chapter 6 and 7, we explain how to analyze data from the X-Ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS) and Hard X-Ray Detector (HXD)andexplaintheissuesbothanalysis. Acronymsusedinthisdocumentaredescribed in Appendix A. Useful email addresses and websites are given in Appendix B. 2 Chapter 2 Software Suzaku data reduction is primarily performed using the HEAsoft package, which is de- scribed in detail at: http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/software/lheasoft/. HEAsoft is a multimission collection of programs and scripts (frequently also called FTOOLS, for historical reasons), all using a similar interface which can be used both interactively and in scripts. All mission-specific software required to calibrate and analyze Suzaku data are written by the instrument teams and released as a part of HEAsoft and are collectively called the “Suzaku FTOOLS.” By using Suzaku FTOOLS, Suzaku users can recalibrate their data when new calibration information is made available. HEAsoft is supported on major Unix architectures, such as Linux, Solaris and OS X. HEAsoft runs on Windows in principle, but not yet as smoothly as on Unix. Therefore, Suzaku users are strongly suggested to use one of the supported Unix systems, listed on the HEAsoft website. Major releases of theentireHEAsoftpackage iscurrently scheduledapproximately once a year. At this stage of the mission, Suzaku FTOOLSwill evolve on a faster timescale, and will be released as patch releases as often as once every three months. This guide assumes that the users have installed Suzaku FTOOLS version 5 in HEAsoft version 6.3 or later, since this is required to analyze Version 2 processed Suzaku data. The most recent release (HEAsoft version 6.4) includes Suzaku FTOOLS version 7. An up-to-date and complete listing of Suzaku FTOOLS can be found at: http://suzaku.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/suzaku/analysis/suzaku ftools.html. Since Suzaku data files are in FITS format, other analysis suites (such as CIAO) can be used with Suzaku files to complete certain tasks. However, due to limited resources the Suzaku GOF will focus support on using HEAsoft to analyze Suzaku data and only support other tools as time permits. 3