Download at WoweBook.Com The Sustainable Network The Accidental Answer for a Troubled Planet Download at WoweBook.Com Download at WoweBook.Com The Sustainable Network The Accidental Answer for a Troubled Planet Sarah Sorensen Beijing • CAmBridge • FArnhAm • Köln • SeBASToPol • TAiPei • ToKyo Download at WoweBook.Com The Sustainable Network by Sarah Sorensen Copyright © 2010 Sarah Sorensen. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc. 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472. O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (http://mysafaribooksonline.com). For more information, contact our corporate/institutional sales department: (800) 998-9938 or [email protected]. Editors: Patrick Ames and Michael Loukides Production Editor: Rachel Monaghan Copyeditor: Amy Thomson Proofreader: Rachel Monaghan Indexer: Julie Hawks Interior Designers: Ron Bilodeau and Molly Sharp Illustrator: Robert Romano Cover Designer: Monica Kamsvaag Production Services: MacMillan Publishing Solutions Print History: October 2009: First Edition. The O’Reilly logo is a registered trademark of O’Reilly Media, Inc. The Adaptive Path logo is a registered trademark of Adaptive Path, LLC. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are clarified as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O’Reilly Media, Inc. was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors and omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. ISBN: 978-0-596-15703-6 [V] Download at WoweBook.Com The images in the chapter openers of this book are stills taken from the video blogs at Rocketboom.com, a New York City–based daily international news program that covers a wide range of information and commentary from top news stories to contemporary Internet culture. The author gratefully acknowledges Rocketboom.com for its assistance and generous permission to use these images to help wryly illustrate what some might consider a dry subject. Thank you. Keep up your unique perspective on us! Download at WoweBook.Com Download at WoweBook.Com Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi ChAPTer 1: I Am a Node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ChAPTer 2: What Is the Network: How Does It Work? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Linking Things Together 6 Protocols 8 Just a Few More Terms: Hosts, Routers, Switches, LANs, and WANs 9 ChAPTer 3: Green by Accident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ChAPTer 4: What Makes the Network Sustainable? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 ChAPTer 5: Broadband: What Is It? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 ChAPTer 6: Can the Internet Hit a Wall? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 ChAPTer 7: The Mobile Me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 ChAPTer 8: Take It with You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 ChAPTer 9: The Network’s Green Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 ChAPTer 10: Carbon Footprints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Watch Your Weight 62 A Product’s Carbon Footprint 68 The Business of Reducing Carbon 69 Download at WoweBook.Com ChAPTer 11: Net Efficiencies: Maximizing Resources While Minimizing Waste . . 71 ChAPTer 12: What’s So Smart About an Energy Grid? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 What You Can Do 90 ChAPTer 13: Dematerialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 What You Can Do 95 ChAPTer 14: Detravelization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 What Are Some of These Detravelization Tools? 102 What You Can Do 105 What’s Being Done—A Glimpse at the Future 105 ChAPTer 15: What Is the Network: How Is Telecommuting Enabled? . . . . . . 107 IPSec 109 MPLS 110 SSL 111 ChAPTer 16: Pushing the Boundaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Let’s Get Specific 116 What You Can Do 125 ChAPTer 17: Data Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 What About the Actual Equipment? 131 Basic Consumption Reduction 134 ChAPTer 18: Energy Efficiency Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 ChAPTer 19: Doing Good by Doing Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 ChAPTer 20: Is Broadband Really That Important? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 ChAPTer 21: Sustainable Providers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 ChAPTer 22: Net Neutrality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 ChAPTer 23: Tearing Down Economic Boundaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 ChAPTer 24: Information Is King . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 ChAPTer 25: Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 viii Contents Download at WoweBook.Com