The Sublime South The Sublime South Andalusia, Orientalism, and the Making of Modern Spain José Luis Venegas northwestern university press evanston, illinois Northwestern University Press www.nupress.northwestern.edu Copyright © 2018 by Northwestern University Press. Published 2018. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 978- 0- 8101- 3729- 5 (paper) ISBN 978- 0- 8101- 3730- 1 (cloth) ISBN 978- 0- 8101- 3731- 8 (ebook) Cataloging- in- Publication data are available from the Library of Congress. For Eva and Lucas, my intended readers Contents List of Illustrations ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction: Looping the Loop 3 Chapter 1 The Orient Within: Andalucismo, Africanismo, Arabismo 29 Chapter 2 Culture, Modernity, and the South, 1898– 1936 59 Chapter 3 Andalusia and Franco Spain 95 Chapter 4 The Persistence of Myth: Post- Dictatorial Andalusia 133 Afterword Breaking the Spell of Identity 163 Notes 173 Bibliography 201 Filmography 219 Index 221 Illustrations Figure 2.1. Aureliano de Beruete, Vista del Guadarrama desde El Plantío (1901) 69 Figure 2.2. Manuel Wssel de Guimbarda, Escena costumbrista en el Alcázar de Sevilla (1872) 70 Figure 2.3. Manuel Ángeles Ortiz, promotional poster for Concurso de Cante Jondo, Granada, Spain (1922) 86 Figure 3.1. La gitana, from Los españoles pintados por sí mismos (1843– 44) 101 Figure 3.2. Still from Florián Rey’s Carmen la de Triana (1938) 105 Figure 3.3. Still from José Ramón Larraz’s Juana la Loca, de vez en cuando (1983) 110 Figure 4.1. Map of the Expo ’92 site 147 Figure 4.2. Detail of the Pavilion of Spain at Expo ’92 149 Figure 4.3. Pavilion of Andalusia at Expo ’92 150 Figure 4.4. Section of “La memoria productiva” exhibit at the Pavilion of Andalusia, Expo ’92 152 Figure 4.5. Replica of Blas Infante’s desk at the Museo de la Autonomía de Andalucía 159 Figure 4.6. Thematic section “Un pueblo en la calle que lucha por la autonomía, 1976– 1979” at the Museo de la Autonomía de Andalucía 160