CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY nm7: H.m.l.l!«<MKf. DATE DUE Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924026873194 THE 'STUDENT'S ARABIC-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. COMPANION VOLUME TO THE AUTHOR'S EISGLISH-ARABIC DICTIONARY. BY F. STEINGASS, Ph.D., OF THE DNIVEESITY OF MUNICH; PROFESSOR OF MODERN LANGUAGES, AND RESIDENT LECTURER ON THE ARABIC LANGUAGE, LITERATURE, AND LAW, AT THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE, WOKING. LONDON CROSBY LOCKWOOD AND SON 7, STATIONERS' HALL COURT, LUDGATE HILL, E.C. LONDON PRINTED ET W. H. ALLEN AND CO., 13 WATERLOO FLASE. S.W J. ^((^ — PEEFACE. V Aoristis added,if it differs fromthatof the Preterite. Where therefore no such vowel is mentioned,the vowel of the Preterite is retained in the Aorist, which is frequently the case if it is a, rarely if it is i, but always if it is u. The second heading comprises those simple Deriva- tives, either nouns or adjectives, which do not exceed in number the original letters of the root.* Derivatives which are formed by the introduction of so-called servile or additional letters, and the various measures of the broken Plural, are to be looked for in their natural alphabetical order, where their meanings or reference to the singular is given, unless they can be readily traced back to their respective origin by eliminating such additional letters according to a few simple rules of easy application. In order to impress these rules more effectively on the mind of the student, and to facilitate reference to them in case of need, we will — divide the words in question into fou—r clas—ses, na—mely: I. Words containing a letter of prolongation Q. a,j m, ^s *) or a doubled consonant ; II. Words beginning withtheletter \; HI. Words beginning with—the letter ua t; TV. Words beginning with the letter |> m. I. Words containing aletterof prolongation or a doubled consonant. In DerivativesorPlurals of thisdescription,not found in the Dictionary, oronly rendered by meanings which do not fullymeet the requirements of the case, these letters are to be thrown out, to obtain the root, or the sin—gular, if it is a plural noun; thus : 1. \ in words of the measures J^\i/a'i7, the well-known form of the Agent or active participle, "who does." JUi /a"«Z, where also the double consonant is to be rejected, or in other words, the Ta&did to be removed,intensive of the former, "who does frequently, habitually, by way of trade." * It is true that, by the arrangement explained in this and the previous paragraph, sometimes different roots or their derivatives are thrown together under the same heading: under the heading Jic for instance, we give, besides ^add and Hdd, belonging to the root (J*c), also the word ^udd, "pustule," apparently itself a root, and under the feminine form 6.vc we include 'ida-t, "promise, threat," derived from the root (>"^^). But this very juxtaposition of disparate meanings will strike the attention of a thoughtful student, and continually remind him, that in Arabic, more than in any other language, very similar forms may have a vastly distinct origin. — — t VI PREFACE. J^ fi'dl. Infinitive, exceptionally of the primitive verb (in which case, however, it will befound as a referencein its alphabetical place), regularly of the third conjugation, along with themore frequently used measure ^U- mufd'ala-t, "doing with regard to another, doing reciprocally on the part of two or more." Also Plural of nouns of the measure J«i/a'Z, fi'l, fw'l, and its feminine form in 6 . ^ ^ '^fa'W, feminine of the measure J>^\ afal, forming adjectives of defect and colour (see Class II.)- Lastly, in Plurals of words which consist of four or more letters, either originally, or through the introduction of servile letters into tri- — literal roots. These plurals are trisyllabic, with a ( ) after the first, (1 (\ —•) after the second, and i (—) after the penultimate consonant. If all the letters of the singular are radical, the measure is JJUifa'dlil, where the second I corresponds to the fourth and fol- lowing consonants of the singular ; and if the singular is quadriliteral, it will be obtained by dropping the \ of pro- longation of the plural; otherwise it will be referred to in the alphabetical place of the latter.* The plural measures of words of four and more letters, reducible to triliteral roots, are JcU\ afit'il, plural of nouns, or of certain other plurals beginning with \ , or of adjectives of the measure J**^ afal used substan- tively (see Class II.). JcUjtafd'il,pluralofa1«Ajtafila-t.Infinitiveofthe secondconjugation, mostlyof verbs terminatinginaweak consonant(seeClassIII.). JjV«ifa'd'il, not given in the Dictionary amongst the alphabetical references when it is plural of J-«i fa'U or Huai fa'ila-t (the * The plural ^^;J dinVnm, for instance, is not mentioned, in the alphabetical order, because the eliminationof the\points to the singular a^s)JpludriarlhiDoif,Jn=ai-m/e- soaffatrhjael,w"eqluli-nkcneo,w"n JcoJi^n ;'baundtdiElj^asspalfuarrail] oifs q'-uto-t^aeadc 'andalib, " nightingale," because they do not contain all the letters of their respective singulars. t For instance: g»^^ asdh>\ plural of f~o\ nsha', 'isha', "finger"; w_J\^ al-i'ilib, plural of ^^^ alduh, plural of paucity of ^-^halh, " dog" aa\vjWk/i(/(i/i(, plural of ^->^ adhum, "very black," used substantively; for a black horse, or for the chains of a prisoner. Throwing out the Alifof prolongation you obtain the heading under which the wished-for information will be found. PREFACE. The Author's aim, in preparing the present volume, has been to provide the English student,at a moderate price, with a Dictionary which would enable him to read, not only Arabic books of a limited vocabulary, as the Qur'dn, or of a comparatively easy andfamiliar style, as the Arabian Nights; but also such other standard works of a wider etymological range, as the Hamdsah, the Mu'allaqnt, and, above all, the Maqdmdt of al-Hariri, which may, with the late Mr. Chenery, be aptly designated as a "Compendium of the Arabic Language" in all its intricacies and niceties. The dif&culty of such an undertakingliesin findingthe golden mean between a merely alphabetical arrangement, which would swell the book into an inordinate size,and a strictlyetymologicaldispositionunder roots, which would, undoubtedly, be more to the taste of the scholar, but frequently embarrass, and hence discourage, the learner whom we want to aid in his first steps on a journey sufficiently toilsome in itself. An endeavour of this kind has been made by Prof. Cherbonneau, in his Ai'abic-French Dictionary, and, on a far more extensive scale and in a superior manner, by Dr. Adolf Wahrmund, in his Manual Dictionary of the Arabic and German Languages and these two works, especially ; the latter, checked by, and occasionally enlarged upon from the MuM{ (anArabicDictionary,published inArabicbyDr. P. Bustani in Beyrout), form the groundwork of our own book, with such modifications and additions, however, as to secure for it a fair degree of originality. We are now going to set forth, as briefly as can be done compatibly with clearness, the general plan on which this Dictionaryis worked out. The Arabic words are given in their crude form, i.e. the form in which they appear before the grammatical terminations are added, and in Arabic type only as far as they are represented by the letters of the IV PREFACE. alphabet,leaving therendering of the diacriticalsigns, Hamzahincluded, to the transliteration.* Thus each word forms, as it were, a skeleton, dead and meaningless in itself, but moved into life by the Harakat (vowel-points), and further to be individualized, as of Arab kin by the rrab (grammatical inflection). To every male, if I may be allowed to continue the metaphor, its consort is allotted, that is to say, under each heading the form or forms withthefemininetermination « are subjoined to those without it, if both are in use. This has been done, because frequently the two forms stand mutually in the relationship of singular and plural, and therefore, by bringing them together in the same article, many cross-references could be spared.f In a similar way derivatives with a final ts > especially when forming the so-called Nisbah or noun of relation (in ^5), are, as a natural offspring, joined under the same heading to the parent-iorm, but only, if the alpha- betical order would already bring them in immediate contact with it (see e.g. article JW^ haydl, &c., p. 347). Roots,whethertriHteralorquadriliteral,arefound undertwoheadings. One, placed in parentheses, gives the primitive verbs in the third person singular masculine, togetherwith their Infinitives, and the Infinitives of the derived conjugations. In triliteral verbs the medial vowel of the * The student, when about to make use of this Dictionary, is of course supposedtobewellacquaintedwiththesesignsfromhis Grammar, and should his text be pointed, he will have no difficulty in finding the equivalent in transliteration,for any wordhe may look out, by refer- ring tothe heading in Arabic type. If, on the contrary, these signs are omitted from the text, as is always done in editions printed in the East (for instance, in the Arabian Nights, which he is particularly expected to read), it would be decidedly more bewildering for him to pick out, from perhaps half-a-dozen or more repetitions of the same group of Arabic letters, variously marked, that special combination which he wants while, by using the one heading, which represents the letters in ; his book, as amaster-keyfor the different meanings, his eye has simply to run over the article in order to ascertain that particulai-form which gives an appropriate sense to the passage in hand. f If in the first part of an article i is placed after a generic noun it indicates eitherthe female or the noun of unity; if after anadjective, it stands for the feminine. In the second part, the various forms are given in which a word has a feminine termination without such refe- rence to sex or gender, andherethe'headsthetransliteration. (Compare e.g. the artic>les >^\ asad, », "lion," &c., p. 41 ; ^' samar, S, "fruit " &c., p. 209 ; hdrr, S, " hot," &c., p. 268; cjili half, "behind," &c. ;— ii liilfa-t, "difference of opinion," &c., p. 337.)