TThhee SSttuuddeenntt ooff KKnnoowwlleeddggee aanndd BBooookkss AA TTrraannssccrriibbeedd LLeeccttuurree ffrroomm SShhaaiikkhh SSaaaalliihh bbiinn ‘‘AAbbddiill--‘‘AAzzeeeezz AAaallii SShhaaiikkhh - may Allaah preserve him - The Student of Knowledge and Books al-ibaanah e-books © Copyright Al-Ibaanah Book Publishing, USA Published On-Line for Free Distribution First Edition: February 2007 Translated by: isma’eel alarcon Note: This document is an on-line book publication of www.al-ibaanah.com. This book was formatted and designed specifically for being placed free on the Internet. Al- Ibaanah Book Publishing allows for this document, in its present form and with no alterations, to be distributed, printed, photocopied, reproduced and/or disbursed by electronic means for the purpose of spreading its content and not for the purpose of gaining a profit, unless a specific request is sent to the publishers and permission is granted. Anyone wishing to quote from this document must give credit to the publisher. About the Book: This is a translation of a small on-line booklet called: “Taalib-ul-‘Ilm wal-Kutub” [The Student of Knowledge and Books] which was originally a lecture delivered by Shaikh Saalih bin ‘Abdil-‘Azeez Aali Shaikh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and transcribed by a student of knowledge then made available for free on the internet in Arabic. The source used for this translation was the one found in www.sahab.org. In this book, the Shaikh discusses seven etiquettes that a Muslim, and in particular a student of knowledge, should abide by with regard to books. The author has done an excellent job in explaining these general guidelines and points. Indeed this treatise comes at a crucial time since as the English speaking Muslims in the West increase so does the printed literature that they acquire to learn the fundamentals of their Religion, not to mention those who are able to read and collect books in Arabic. Therefore, such a discussion is necessary to provide guidance and advice on how to acquire, handle, preserve and use these religious books, which are being produced at an ever-increasing rate in recent times. It is hoped that this e-book in conjunction with the recently launch Classical Knowledge Series publications will provide the English readers with a solid basis on the basics and principles of knowledge in terms of seeking it, acquiring it, teaching it and propagating it. A Publication of Al-Ibaanah E-Books Al-Ibaanah E-Books 2 www.al-ibaanah.com The Student of Knowledge and Books TTaabbllee ooff CCoonntteennttss 1. From the Lecture: The Introduction……………………………….. 4 2. Etiquette One: Arranging and Organizing Books………………. 8 3. Etiquette Two: Acquiring the Most Accurate Editions of Books... 11 4. Etiquette Three: Keeping One’s Books Clean and Tidy…………. 14 5. Etiquette Four: Recording the Points of Benefit found in Books.. 17 6. Etiquette Five: Lending Books out to Others………………………. 19 7. Etiquette Six: Reviewing and Inspecting One’s Books…………… 21 8. Etiquette Seven: Preserving and Safeguarding One’s Books….. 23 Al-Ibaanah E-Books 3 www.al-ibaanah.com The Student of Knowledge and Books FFrroomm tthhee LLeeccttuurree:: TThhee IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn All praise is for Allaah and may the peace and praises be on the Messenger of Allaah, as well as his family, Companions and whoever follows his guidance. To proceed: I ask Allaah that He make this practice of ours (of meeting for lessons) one of goodness, knowledge, action, dutifulness and rectification, and that He increase us in it in beneficial knowledge and righteous deeds. I also ask that He strengthen our aspirations with regard to knowledge and action and that He raise our determination for studying knowledge as well as acquiring, preserving and remaining firm upon it. As an introduction to our classes on this subject, Allaah-willing, we will speak, as usual, on a general topic that comes to mind which has some benefit in it, if Allaah wills. Our talk today will be on: “The Student of Knowledge and Books.” It is well known that knowledge is acquired via two methods – either, orally by way of hearing and sitting with the people of knowledge and taking knowledge from them through listening with one’s ears or by way of books, and that is through researching, investigating and studying. The first way is the same method as the second way, whereas the correctness of the second method is based on the first. This is as one of the scholars said: “Knowledge used to be in the breasts of men then it transferred into the interior of books. However, its keys remained in the hands of men.” This means that books possess a high level of importance to the student of knowledge. However, the only ones that can properly deal with these books and correctly understand them are those who establish themselves on the path of studying at the hands of the people of knowledge, mixing with them and comprehending what they meant by the words they recorded in these books. Recording knowledge in books is something ancient with regard to people. Previous civilizations prior to the civilization of Islaam would give very high importance to the written word. The revealed scriptures of Allaah used to be recorded as Allaah says: Al-Ibaanah E-Books 4 www.al-ibaanah.com The Student of Knowledge and Books ﺎﻬَ ﻧَﻮﺳُ رُ ﺪْ ﻳَ ﺐٍ ﺘُآُ ﻦﻣﱢ ﻢهُ ﺎﻨَﻴْﺗَﺁ ﺎﻣَ وَ “And We have not given them Scriptures (i.e. books) which they could study…” [Surah Saba: 44] And He says: ﺔٌﻤَ ﻴﱢﻗٌَ ﺐﺘُآُ ﺎﻬَ ﻴﻓِ “Wherein are correct and upright books (i.e. laws).” [Surah Al-Bayyinah: 3] And our Lord, Mighty and Sublime, inscribed and wrote in the Tablets for Moosaa. Books then continued to remain amongst people and they would spread it around through writings. One of the important issues was that of preserving books from changes and alterations. Thus people would show high regard for them and safeguard them. This matter applied generally to all nations. Allaah made His revealed scriptures into trials and tests for the nations to see whether or not they will preserve them. Unfortunately, all of the revealed scriptures before the Qur’aan were not preserved and so they fell victim to the well-known distortion in wording and distortion in meaning that took place. Allaah particularly guaranteed that He would preserve and protect this Qur’aan as well as the sciences of the Prophet of Islaam, Muhammad. He says: نَ ﻮﻈُ ﻓِﺎﺤَ ﻟَ ﻪُ ﻟَ ﺎﻧﱠإِوَ ﺮَ آْ ﺬﱢﻟا ﺎﻨَﻟْﺰﱠ ﻧَ ﻦُ ﺤْ ﻧَ ﺎﻧﱠإِ “Verily, We have indeed sent down the Reminder and surely We will guard it.” [Surah Al-Hijr: 9] The “Reminder” here refers to the Qur’aan. The Sunnah, which clarifies it, is also preserved. So Allaah has preserved the Qur’aan and He has preserved the Sunnah. What this means is that there are things that are written that have been subject to distortions, alterations and modifications. So therefore, not everything that is written is to be considered authentic, nor is everything that is inscribed in paper to be considered beneficial or correct. Rather, it must be from the preserved forms of knowledge, which means that its preservation from changes and alterations must be in the form of the conservation of its wording as well as its Al-Ibaanah E-Books 5 www.al-ibaanah.com The Student of Knowledge and Books meaning. In the first stages of this ummah, only a small amount of the Companions recorded the Sunnah. This goes the same for those who came after them. The Taabi’een recorded – as is well known from the record of Hamaam bin Munabbih from Abu Hurairah and other records – only some things from the Sunnah. Also, the letters that Prophet Muhammad  sent to the kings of the various regions of the world and to his representatives and commanders were preserved. What was also preserved were the letters written by the rightly- guided Khaleefahs and those rulers who came after them as well as the letters the Companions wrote between themselves. This transpired up to the time when the recording of knowledge took place at which point books were written and documented and the people advanced in that field to the extent that books were written on all of the various sciences of Islaam. So the first of books began to be written – on Hadeeth and Sunnah, then on Tafseer, then on the Language and the Meanings of the Qur’aan. Then the writings and books became diversified. Since things were this way, the scholars began to advise the students to preserve books from changes and modifications since books are written and copied. If a book’s authorship and mass-production are both correct, this ensures that the book itself will be correct. On the other hand, if a book’s text is not precise and its replication is not accurate it falls under the deficiencies in knowledge due to the lack of precision and accuracy in its writing and transcription. It is for this reason that a group of authors, such as Al-Jaahidh in his book al- Haywaan and others, mentioned that there were some scholars who would purchase three copies of the same book possessing an identical chain and text of narration. And if that book’s chain and text of narration varied, i.e. were more than one, they would strive even harder to acquire (extra) copies of all of these different versions of the same book! This was due to their intense zeal for obtaining precision and accuracy in knowledge. The reason they did this was because it was possible that a word in one manuscript differed from a word in another manuscript or that an entire sentence was left out or that a place in the manuscript was distorted and so the error would become clear and discernable when comparing it to another manuscript (of the same book). Al-Ibaanah E-Books 6 www.al-ibaanah.com The Student of Knowledge and Books The scholars would advise the students of knowledge to strive hard to maintain and conserve their books so that they could remain preserved and safeguarded from changes and alterations. They did this to instill the concept that recording in these books has its proper etiquettes and that a student of knowledge must be precise and accurate in the comments, footnotes, benefits, questions and so on that he writes in a printed manuscript. This is such that he is able to benefit from what he writes and so that the book does not become altered by his writing between the lines and so on. This is why in their books on narrating and their books on seeking knowledge, the scholars have placed etiquettes for the student of knowledge when dealing with books. The closest thing in resemblance that a book has with regard to a student of knowledge is like that of one of his body parts. So the books of a student of knowledge are like his cells which he needs to live. They are his ears and his eyes, which if he were to lose, his knowledge would become gradually weaker. You will notice that the one who is weak in referencing (his books) and weak in researching knowledge and reading, that he grows weak little by little. He forgets knowledge gradually until he becomes a common person after a number of years have passed. Researching knowledge in books is from the most important of matters! This requires a student of knowledge to have an immense connection with books. However, this connection has its etiquettes and conditions which the scholars have outlined and explained in their works, such as the book “al-Jaami’” of Ibn ‘Abdil-Barr and the book of Ibn Jamaa’ah on the etiquettes of seeking knowledge known as “Tadhkirat-us-Saami’ wal-Mutakallim.” There are many other books on this subject that talk about how a student of knowledge should deal with books. We will mention some of these points. But before embarking on the general etiquettes of books, we would like to mention that a student of knowledge’s high regard for books indicates his high regard for knowledge. Therefore, from among the etiquettes that a student of knowledge should characterize himself with regarding books is that of: Al-Ibaanah E-Books 7 www.al-ibaanah.com The Student of Knowledge and Books EEttiiqquueettttee OOnnee:: AArrrraannggiinngg aanndd OOrrggaanniizziinngg BBooookkss A student should arrange his books in such a way that it is easy for him to refer to them if there is an issue that requires him to research some of his books. This means that he should maintain his books in a certain order. The way the books are to be organized depends on the preference of this student. So if he requires that all of his books on Tafseer be arranged together and all of his books on Hadeeth be arranged together, and he further divides the Tafseer section into its various sciences and the Hadeeth section into its various sciences, and the Fiqh books into their respective madh-hab’s and so on and so forth, then there is no harm in this. And if he decides to arrange his books in some other order that he feels is more beneficial, then there is also no problem with this. The objective is for the book to be in a place where if he looks for it, he will find it. Books are divided into two types: Large books and small treatises. As for the large books, then these are the ones that we see in a library. This is since they are big – 10 volumes, 15 volumes, 13 volumes, 14 volumes, etc. This is clear. Rather, what deserves special attention are the small treatises, which are also important. It is possible that these smaller books may contain knowledge that cannot be found in the bigger books. When he needs to refer to one of these small treatises, he looks for it but can’t find it. Why? It is because he has not put it in its proper place. One should take special care of these small treatises by putting them in a separate area. This means that they should not be put amidst the works of research and the larger books. So for example, a person may put a large book on his shelf and then next to it place a small book, in terms of its pages, and then next to that a small 40-50 page treatises and so on! The scholars have devoted some of their attention to this aspect, such that they have put forth what they call “compilations” consisting of a volume or more in which there can be found 10 or 12 treatises or more. So if it’s possible, a student of knowledge should compile these small treatises into a collection, placing booklets of a similar subject into one volume. This means that he should put all the small treatises that deal with the manners of seeking knowledge in one specific volume, for example, or the small treatises that deal with the subject of Hadeeth terminology in a separate volume or the essays on the sciences of Tafseer and the sciences of Qur’aan in one specific collection and so on and so forth. Al-Ibaanah E-Books 8 www.al-ibaanah.com The Student of Knowledge and Books Likewise, he should place his Fiqh-related books and treatises separately. It is also appropriate to divide the Fiqh-related books and treatises into different sections, within themselves, according to what topics of Fiqh (jurisprudence) they fall under. So for example, one should place a treatise on crimes in its proper place amongst the chapters of Fiqh, thus organizing his books in this manner. He should begin with the treatises that deal with purification, followed by the treatises that deal with prayer. Even those treatises on prayer should be subdivided into those that deal with the conditions of prayer first followed by the rulings on prayer which include the prostration of forgetfulness, for example. Each book should be put in its proper place. They should not be placed in the section of Zakaat, say, which comes after the prayer. The same should then be done with similar treatises, i.e. these small booklets that are hard to locate if one needs to refer to them. They should be organized according to their subjects of jurisprudence. The same goes for the rest of the Islamic sciences whether they deal with history, Creed or their likes. One should put the books that cover Creed in general amongst the general books or treatises on Creed. Or he should place those subjects on Creed that he is researching into different sections on Creed so that it is easy for him to refer back to them. So the first etiquette with regard to books is that one must organize his books in a good manner. Maintaining one’s library in order is an indication of a student of knowledge’s regard for his books. However, if you visit and are granted access to a person’s library and find that his books are scattered around, in disorder and so on, this is due to ether one of two possibilities. The books are this way either because (1) the person researches his books a lot and needs to refer to them, thus causing his books to be scattered about – and even though this is something praiseworthy he should still put them back in their proper places afterward – or (2) he does not organize his books at all to begin with. In his book on the judges of Egypt, which is called Raf’u-il-Isr ‘an Qudaat Misr, Al- Haafidh Ibn Hajr records a biography of one of the judges in Egypt and mentioned that when he was granted his judicial position, he would sit in a place where his books were on display. His books would be arranged in a nice and neat order. A student of knowledge entered his office once and saw his books and said: “What excellent order these books are in!” He was insinuating Al-Ibaanah E-Books 9 www.al-ibaanah.com The Student of Knowledge and Books that the neat order and arrangement that his books were in indicated his lack of referencing them and using them. The judge understood this and kept it a secret to himself. Later on, this man that had criticized the judge for having his books neatly arranged was put in charge of recording people’s marriages, i.e. the marriage contracts – something like an official that is licensed to wed couples. So the judge discovered that he had made an error in one of his marriage certificates and then rebuked him harshly. This shows that he had preserved that statement he made (a long time ago) in his memory. The point is that this student used the fact that the judge’s books were neatly arranged as proof that he didn’t read or use them. But this is not always the case. If a student of knowledge wants to work on a subject or research an issue and he takes a number of books out, putting them in front of him and looking into this one and looking into that one, when he finishes, he should return them back to their proper place so that it will be easy for him to refer back to them at a later time. Al-Ibaanah E-Books 1 0 www.al-ibaanah.com