THES TRUCTUORFE NON-CYRSAT L LINET EMRAI ALS McGRAW-HILL INTERNTAI ONAL BOOKC OMPANY NewY ork StL ouis SaFnr ancisco Auckland Bogotá Guatemala Hamburg Johannesburg Lisbon London Madrid Mexico Montreal NewD elhi Panama París SaJnu an SaPoa ulo Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto YOSHIWOA SEDA VisiPtriofnegs sor DepartomfMe entta lalnuMdra gtye rials Science, UniveorfsTiotryCo anntaod,a ThSet rucotfu re No n-Crystalline Materials LIQUIADNSD A MORPHOUSSO LIDS Thibso owka sse itnT imReosm a3n2 7 BritLiisbhrC aartya lionPg uibnlgi Dcaattai on W aseYdoas,h io Thset rucotfnu orne- crymsattaelrliianles . l.Amorphsouubss tances I.Title 530.4'1 QCl7 3.4.A/ 794-2848 ISB0N- 07-068426-X THES TRUCTUORFEN ON-CRYSTALMLAITNEER IALS Copyr©i1 g9h8tb0 yM cGraw-IHnAicll.rll i grhetsse rved. Prinitnte hdUe ni tSetda otfAe mse riNcopa a.ro tft hpiusb lication mayb er eprodsutcoeirdnae,r d e trsiyesvtaoelrtm r,a nsmiinat ntye d, foromrb ya nmye anesl,e ctmreocnhiacnp,ih coatlo,c orpeycionrgd,i ng, oro therwwiitsheto,hup etr ipoerr miosfts hipeou nb lisher. 12 3 M4P MP82 1 O Prinatnebddo uinndt hUen itSetda otfAe mse rica Tom yw ifeY,u kWoa seda Gi CONTENTS Preface x1 l.PriinpcioefSs t rucAtnuarlafylosN rio sn -CrySsytsatlelmisne 1 1-D1e scriopftt hSieto rnu cotfNou nr-eC rysStyasltleimnse 1 1-F2u ndamReenltaatblie otnwDsei effrna cEtxipoenr iamnedn ttsh e DistriFbunucttiioonn 7 1-A3C omapriosfto hnSe t rucoftt uhLreie q auniAddm orphous Stawtiettshh C er ysatnaGdla seSotuast es 17 1-T4h eofroitreh Sset ruocftN uorne- CryMsattaelrliianles 19 2.ExperiTmeecnhtenasfil oq Srut rucAtnuarlaoylfNs oins- sCtraylline Mat elrsi a 2 7 2-O1u tlfoirtn heAe n aloyfXs -irsSa cya ttIenrtienngs ity 27 2-T2h Ree laMteirvoiefXt -sr Naeytu,r oannE dl ecDtirffornoa ncti36 2-S3e paroafPt airotSnit arlu citnauB riensNa orny- Crystalline System 41 2-O4t hReerl ativTeelcyh nNieqwu es 47 2-E5s timoaftt hiCeoo no rdiNnuamtbieorn 48 3.ThSet rucotfLu irqeMu eitda alnAsdl loys 52 3-1 MPeutrael s 52 3-B2i nAalryl oys 60 3-T3r ansMiettiaRolansr E,ea rMteht aalntsdh eir Alloys62 3-T4r ansMiettiaoln- MeAtlallolyosid 74 3-E5ff eocfPt r esasnutdrh eTe r ipCloerrte lFautnicotni on 79 vil viCiOiN TENTS 4.ThSet rucotfMu ertea Glllaiscs es 87 4-G1e neFreaalt ures 90 4-S2t rucMtoudreall 93 4-P3a rtSitarlu ctures 104 4-C4r ylsltiazBaethiaovni or 112 4-S5t rucRteulraaxlaa nttdih oEenff eocfDt e formoantt ihoen Structure 119 4-S6t ructuraPla rDaimseotredrer 127 4-E7ff eocfTt e mperature 129 5.ThSet rucotfMu orleta ennGd l asSslya( gSsi licates) 133 5-F1u ndameFnetaatlou frt ehSset rucotfMu orletS elna gs 133 5-A2l kMaelti(a LlOi ,N aO,K O)a nAdl kaElairnMteeh t (aMlg O, 2 2 2 CaüS)i licates 136 5-F3e üa nFde O-SiO 141 2 5-E4ff eocfTt e mperaantOdux ryeg en PPraerstosinuta rhle e StrucotfMu orletS einl icates 147 5-A5C omparoifts hoSent rucotftu hMreoe l tSettnae with that of the GlasSstya te 151 5-C6o mmeonntt h Set rucMtoudreaalnlt d h Vei scoAsniotmya ly 152 6.ThSet rucotfAu mroer phaonLudis q Sumeiidc onductors 159 6-A1m orphSoeumsi conductors 159 6-L2i quSiedm iconductors 163 7.ThSet rucotfMu orletS eanl ts 177 7-A1l kHaallii des 177 7-N2i trates 185 8.ApplicoafSt tirouncD tauttraoaE ls timSoarntPeer opeorfNt oine-s Crystalline Materials 189 8-B1a sSicch eomfte h Set atailTs hteioocrfFy l uaindPdsa ir Potentials 189 82 DescriopfFt rieEoenn e rignLy i quMiedt ablyts h Eel ectron -: TheoorfMy e tals 194 8-C3o mparbiestownCe aelnc ulaantEdix opnesr iDmaetnatal 197 Appen1d FirxeE en eriganyB inaArlyl( oAy_ xBJ 225 1 Appen2d Cihxe miPcoatle natnAidca tli ivnaiB tiyn aArlyl oy (A -Bx) 227 1 x CONTENiTxS Appexn3 d SieleAcptpeldi coaftt hEieno enrD giys persive X-rDaiyff ra(cEtDiXoMDne) t htootd h Set ructural AnalyNsoins- Corfy Msattaelrliianles 230 AppendTihxLe o 4n g-WavLeilmeintg Stothfr utcFhtaeuc rteo r 234 Appen5d iTxhCe u rrSetnrtu cltnuforramlao tnWi aotne r, SolutainoMdno sl,ea crLu ilquids 237 Appnedi6xF ortPrraong forartm h Pea rtSitarlu cFtauocrrtiesna BinaSryys tbeytm h Pee rcYue sv-iHcakr d-SMpohdlee re 248 Appen7d Niuxm erViaclauoleft s hS et rucFtaucrtfeooL rri quid MetailnLs o w-RQe gi(o9En l ements) 252 Appen8d Niuxm erViaclauoleft shS et ruc(tSu(raQen)gsd ( rf)o)r LiqMueitda altVs a oruiTse mpera(t5Eu0l reemse nts) 253 Appen9d Niuxm erViaclauoleft s hP ea rtSitarlu cFtaucrtfoeor r s LiqBuiinda Arlyl( o2yS5sy stems) 292 Reefrn eee s 307 Authionrd ex 316 Subjiencdte x 320