’ The Structure and Performance of Euripides Helen UsingEuripides’Helenasthemainpointofreference,C.W.Marshall’s detailed study expands our understanding of Athenian tragedy and provides new interpretations of how Euripides created meaning in performance. Marshall focuses on dramatic structure to show how assumptions held by the ancient audience shaped meaning in Helen andtodemonstratehowEuripides’playdrawsextensivelyonthesatyr play Proteus, which was part of Aeschylus’ Oresteia. Structure is presentednotasa theoreticalabstraction,but asa crucialcomponent oftheexperienceofperformance,workingwithmusic,thechorus,and theotherplaysinthetetralogy.Euripides’Andromedainparticularis showntohaveresonanceswithHelennotpreviouslydescribed.Argu- ingthattheroleofthedirectoriskey,Marshallshowsthatthechoices a director can make about role doubling, gestures, blocking, humour, andmasksplayacrucialpartinformingthemeaningofHelen. c. w. marshall isProfessorofGreekattheUniversityofBritish Columbia in Vancouver, Canada. The Structure and Performance ’ of Euripides Helen c. w. marshall UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learningandresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107073753 ©C.W.Marshall2014 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2014 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyClays,StIvesplc AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata Marshall,C.W.,1968– ThestructureandperformanceofEuripides’Helen/C.W.Marshall. pages cm Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-107-07375-3(Hardback) 1. Euripides.Helen. 2. HelenofTroy(Greekmythology)inliterature. 3. TrojanWar– Literatureandthewar. 4. Womenandliterature–Greece. 5. Tragedy. I. Title. PA3973.H4M372014 8820.01–dc23 2014021007 ISBN978-1-107-07375-3Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication, anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. For Hallie One day I looked up and there you were. Contents List of figures [page ix] Acknowledgements [x] Note on transliteration conventions [xi] 1. Helen and the evidence for performance [1] 2. Structure [24] IphigeniaandHelen [45] Melodrama [49] 3. Protean Helen [55] HelenintheAtheniantheatre [64] Aeschylus’Proteus [79] 4. Chorus and music [96] MusicinHelen [101] Dancingintragedy [132] AnoteonLysistrata1296–1315 [137] 5. Andromeda [140] TheopeningofAndromeda [144] PerseusintheAtheniantheatre [153] Romans,gorgons,stars [163] HelenandAndromeda [183] 6. Stage directions [188] Stageresources [196] Stageaction [208] Personnel [233] 7. Directorial decisions [242] Toneandthetritagonist [249] Whenamanlovesawoman [266] 8. The mask of beauty [271] Perseus [272] Andromeda [276] vii viii Contents Menelaus [283] Helen [292] Works cited [299] General index [321]