THE STATUS OF CLEISTOSTOMA DOTILLIFORME ALCOCK, 1900 (CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA: OCYPODIDAE), WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS ABSTRACT. - Material previously identified with Cleistostoma dotilliforme Alcock, 1900 from China isreidentified asParacleistostoma depressum DeMan, 1895,acommon Malaysian and Indonesian species. Cleistostoma dotilliforme sensu stricto isassigned toamonotypic new genus, Nasima. In their revision of the Camptandriinae, Manning & Holthuis (1981: 201,208) assigned Cleistostoma dotilliforme Alcock, 1900 to Paracleistostoma De Man, 1895, based on their examination ofmaterial identified withC.dotilliforme from southern China, theonly specimens ofthat species then available tothem. The species had been described from Karachi, Pakistan. In 1983, Jones and Clayton reported material of C. dotilliforme from several localities in the Persian Gulf as well as from Karachi, and their account and figures made it clear that the population from the Arabian Sea and that from China were not conspecific and probably not even congeneric. Subsequently, material ofC.dotilliforme from Karachi became available for study, andacomparison ofspecimens from China withthose from Pakistan confirmed that they represented different taxa. The Chinese population isreidentified here asaspecies ofParacleistostoma, towhich ithad been assigned by Manning &Holthuis in 1981; itproved to belong toP. depressum De Man, 1895, which Gordon (1931) had reported from Xiamen (asAmoy). Cleistostoma dotilliforme Alcock, 1900 sensu stricto is assigned to a new genus here. Citations to P. depressum given below in the synonymy refer tothe Chinese records for the species. Jones &Clayton (1983) also described two other species of Camptandriinae from Kuwait, Paracleistostoma arabicum and Cleistostoma kuwaitense. Neither of these belong in Cleis- tostoma DeHaan, 1833asrestricted byManning &Holthuis (1981: 200)orinParacleistostoma. Both of these key to the couplet containing Paracleistostoma and Serenella Manning & Holthuis, 1981inthekeytocamptandriine genera inManning &Holthuis (1981:193-195).Both P.arabicum andC.kuwaitense have allsomites ofthe male abdomen freeandthisdistinguishes Raymond B. Manning - National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. 20560, U.S.A. them from members ofboth Paracleistostoma andSerenella, inwhich thethird tofifth somites ofthemale abdomen arefused. Paracleistostoma arabicum and Cleistostoma kuwaitense each should be referred to anew genus, which ishowever, beyond the scope of this study. The following abbreviations are used in the descriptive accounts: cl, carapace length, measured on the midline; mm, millimeters; P1-P5, first to fifth pereiopods. Allofthe specimens reported below areinthecollections ofthe National Museum ofNatural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington (USNM). Paracleistostoma depressum De Man, 1895 (Figs. 1,2, 3c, d) Paracleistostoma depressum De Man, 1895: 581; 1897: PI. 14,Fig. 13;Gordon, 1931: 551, Fig. 26. Cleistostoma dotilliforme -Rathbun, 1931: 101; Manning & Hoithuis, 1981: 201. [Not C. dotilliforme Alcock, 1900] Paracleistostoma dotilliforme -Manning &Holthuis, 1981: 208. [not C.dotilliforme Alcock, 1900] Material examined. -Fujian Province, China: 1ovigerous female, cl7.8 mm(USNM 64947), Xiamen (=Amoy, 24°26'N, 118°07'E),leg. c.J. Shen,xi.1928.-1 female,cl4.1 mm(USNM 57824), Jimei (=Tsimei, 24° 39'N, 118°06'E), tidal flats, leg. S.F.Light, vi.1923. - 2males, cl7.8-8.1 mm, 2females, cl7.2-7.3 mm (1ovigerous, cl7.3 mm) (USNM 61968) Santu (Santu Bay = 26°44'N, 119°59'E), leg. ix.1923. Previous records. -Chinese records for this species are allfrom Fujian Province (asFukien Province), southern China: Tsimei and Santu (Rathbun, 1931); Xiamen (as Amoy) (Gordon, 1931). Inaddition tothese records, the species isknown from localities inpeninsular Malaysia and Indonesia, including: Penang, Malaysia [5°24'N, 100°14'E] (De Man, 1895);Klang, Selangor [3°01'N, 101°25'E] (Pretzmann, 1977); Singapore [1°20'N, 103°50'E] (Tweedie, 1937; Serene, 1968);Pelabuhan Kelang [asPort Swettenham, 2°57'N, 101°24'E] andMuar [2°01'N, 102°35'E], Malaysia, all west coast of Malay Peninsula (Tweedie, 1937);.and Pontianak, Borneo [000.5'S, 109°16'E] (De Man, 1895; Gordon, 1931). Paracleistostoma depressum has been mentioned by Tesch (1918: 63), Guinot & Crosnier (1963: 608), and Serene (1974: 64, 55), none of whom reported on material. Description. -Carapace 1.4to 1.5times broader than long, smooth, with atmost few widely scattered hairs, convex from front to back and from side to side, lateral margins rounded, unarmed. Shallow, V-shaped groove present on mesogastric region, hepatic region and each side of intestinal region with shallow depression. Front subquadrate, deflexed, appearing transverse indorsal view, concave medially infrontal view; indistinct epigastric ridges present atbase offront. Orbits broad, sinuous, lacking incision dorsally; suborbital ridge forming lower margin of orbit, true suborbital margin present as line of granules in orbit. Lateral margin of carapace defined by raised, granulate ridge, ridge terminating posterolaterally above true margin atlevel offifth pereiopods. Transverse ridge present posteriorly just ahead ofposterior margin. Third maxillipeds subquadrate, almost meeting inmidline. Carpus with distinct curved crest on exterior surface, forming spatulate cup. Chelipeds differing inmales and females, inflated and equal inmales, smaller and equal in females. Inmale, palm ofchela almost ashigh aslong, noticeably inflated; fingers shorter than palm, gaping; movable finger with piston-like tooth proximally, several low, irregular teeth distally, tips offingers spatulate. Chelipeds offemales much smaller, fingers longer than palm, tips spatulate, unarmed. Walking legs (P2-5) broad stout. P2naked, much ofdorsal surface ofP3-5 obscured bydense coat ofhairs; P4longest, P5shortest. Meri ofwalking legs about twice aslong ashigh, meri of P3 and P4 appearing stouter than meri ofP2 and P5. P5 short, extending beyond merus of P4 with atmost all of dactylus. Fig. 2. Paracleistostoma depressum De Man, 1895. Male, c17.8 mm, Santu: a, third maxilliped; b, cheliped; c,P2;d,P3;e,P4;f,P5;g,abdomen; h,i,gonopods. Abdomen ofmale not extending laterally tobases of walking legs, composed of 5somites, third tofifth somites fused, lacking any sutures. Abdomen with two slight lateral constrictions, not exposing gonopods when closed. Abdomen of female with 7free somites. First gonopod strongly recurved, apex crossing major axis, distal appendage terminating in Y-shaped lobe. Measurements. -Carapace lengths of males 7.8 and 8.1 mm, ofnon-ovigerous females 4.1 and 7.3 mm, of ovigerous females 7.2 and 7.8 mm. Remarks. -With thetransfer ofCleistostoma dotilliforme toanew genus, Paracleistostoma now contains three species, P. depressum, P. wardi (Rathbun, 1926), and P. longimanum Tweedie, 1937, all of which were assigned to the genus by Manning &Holthuis (1981). The other twospecies differ from P.depressum inhaving much slenderer walking legs,andP. wardi further differs inhaving theposterolateral surface ofthe carpace heavily tomentose. There are also differences in the gonopods, as shown inFig. 3. One species described inParacleistostoma, P.dentatum Tesch, 1918,wasexcluded from the genus byManning &Holthuis (1981: 209), and several other species subsequently assigned to the genus also were transferred to other genera by those authors. Fig. 3.First gonopods ofspecies ofParacleistostoma: a,P.wardi Rathbun (from Barnes, 1967:fig. 15d); b,P.longimanum Tweedie (from Tweedie, 1937:fig.5e); c,P.depressum DeMan (from Gordon, 1931: fig. 26, right); d,P.depressum DeMan, male, cl8.l mm, Santu. Two other species, Cleistostoma mcneilli Ward, 1933 and Paracleistostoma eriophorum Nobili, 1903, have been doubtfully referred to the genus Paracleistostoma by Manning & Holthuis (1981: 208, 209) intheir revision oftheCamptandriinae. The first species differs from other members ofthe genus inhaving three anterolateral teeth onthecarapace. Nobili's species differs from allother species assigned tothe genus inhaving two carinae across thepalm ofthe chela. The generic status of both of these species remains unclear. The first gonopod of one of the specimens examined lacked the characteristic distal appendage (Fig. 2g,h), but itclearly ispresent inthe other male (Fig. 3d). Ican find no other differences between the two specimens. According toDrPeter K.L. Ng (inlift.), members ofthis species "prefer very fine soft mud, usually onalmost flatground, digging shallow oblique burrows with slit-like openings. Itfeeds on organic matter in the soft mud." Nasima, new genus (Fig. 4) Type species. -Cleistostoma dotilliforme Alcock, 1900: 373 (asClistostoma). The gender is feminine. Diagnosis. -Carapace subquadrate, convex from front to back and from side to side, with depressed groove incenter; greatest width anterior to midlength; surface sparsely hairy, with raised line of granules posterolaterally above true posterior margin; anterolateral margin with low, blunt lobejust behind anterolateral angle; epigastric ridges present astwo lobes atbase of quadrate front, latter concave medially, appearing transverse in dorsal view. Suborbital ridge forming lower margin oforbit, true lower margin visible asrow ofgranules insidefront. Third maxilliped with Y-shaped groove on surface, pterygostomian region also ornamented with grooves. Chelipeds small, equal, similar inbothsexes. Meriofwalking legslacking spines. Male abdomen narrow, first somite not extending laterally to coxae of fifth,pereopid; abdomen lacking constrictions, notexposing gonopods when closed; abdomens ofmale andfemale with 7free somites. First gonopods recurved, bulbous, spiny apexcrossing shaft, lacking protruding appendages. Remarks. -Nasima keys outtothecouplet containing Paracelistostoma andSerenella inthe key inManning &Holthuis (1981: 193-195). Inboth ofthose genera, thechelipeds ofmales are larger than and different from thechelipeds offemales andthethird tofifth somites ofthemale abdomen are fused. InNasima the chelipeds of males and females are similar and all somites of the male abdomen are free. Etymology. -Itseems appropriate toname thisgenus inhonor ofProfessor Nasima M.Tirmizi of the University of Karachi, and Karachi is the type locality for the type species. More importantly, Professor Tirmizi has earned recognition for her untiring efforts totrain students in the systematics and biology of Crustacea from Pakistan as well as to increase significantly our knowledge of the Crustacea of the Arabian Sea through her own research efforts, now spanning four decades. Acknowledgements. -Iamindebted toMarion D.Erwin fordonating hertime toprepare the original illustrations and to Lilly King Manning for preparing the figures taken from the literature. Ithank DrPeter K.L. Ng,National University ofSingapore, forhishelpful comments on the manuscript and on the habits ofP. depressum. Alcock, A., 1900.TheBrachyuraCatametopa orGrapsoidea. Materials foracarcinological fauna oflndia, No.6. J.Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 69(11:3):279-456. Alcock, A. &A. F.McArdle, 1902.Illustrations oftheZoology oftheRoyal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator, under the command of Commander T. H. Heming, R.N., Crustacea, Part 10:PIs. 56-67. Calcutta. Barnes, R. S. K., 1967. The Macrophthalminae of Australasia; with a review of the evolution and morphological diversity of the type genus Macrophthalmus (Crustacea: Brachyura). Trans. zool. Soc. Lond., 31:195-261. Guinot, D.&A.Crosnier, 1963.Remarques surlesgenres Cleistostoma, Paracleistostoma etTylodiplax, etdescription deTylodiplax derijardi sp.novo(Crust. Decap. Brachyura). Bull. Mus.Nat. Hist.Nat., Paris, (2) 35(6): 606-619. Haan, W. de, 1833-1850. Crustacea. In: P.F. yon Siebold, Fauna Japonica sive Descriptio Animalium, quae in Itinere per Japoniam, Jussu etAuspiciis Superiorum, qui Summum inIndia Batava Imperium Tenent, Suscepto, Annis 1823-1830 Collegit, Notis, Observationibus etAdumbrationibus Illustravit, pp. i-xvii, i-xxxi, ix-xvi, 1-243, Pis., A-J, L-Q, I-55, circ. tab.2. Lugduni-Batavorum (Leiden). Jones, D. A. & D. Clayton, 1983. The systematics and ecology of crabs belonging to the genera Cleistostoma DeHaan andParacleistostoma DeMan onKuwait mudflats. Crustaceana, 45(2): 183-199. 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Analyse de la nature ou tableau de l'univers et de corps organises. 224 pp. Palermo. Rathbun, M.J., 1926.Brachyuran crabs from Australia andNewGuinea. Rec.Aust. Mus., 15(2): 177-182, Pis. 14-16. Serene, R., 1974. Note on the genera and species of the Camptandriinae Stimpson 1858 (Decapoda, Brachyura: Ocypodidae). Treubia, 28(3): 59-68. Stimpson, W., 1858. Crustacea Ocypodoidea: Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionialem, a Republica Federata missa, Cadwaladaro Ringgold etJohanne Rodgers Ducibus, observavit etdescripsit, Pars VII. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1858: 225-252 [pp. 63-90 on separate]. Tesch, J. J., 1918. Hymenosomidae, Retroplumidae, Ocypodidae, Grapsidae and Gecarcinidae. The Decapoda Brachyura ofthe Siboga Expedition, I.Siboga Exped., 39(c): 1-148, Pis. 1-6. Tweedie, M.W.E, 1937.Onthecrabs ofthe family Ocypodidae inthecollection oftheRaffles Museum. Bull. Raffles Mus., 13: 140-170. 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