The Stage Works of Philip Glass TheStageWorksofPhilipGlassisthefirstpublicationtoexclusivelyexamine Glass’sstageworksfrom1976tothepresentday.Glass,whoisregularly acclaimedasthemostpopularlivingclassicalcomposer,createdstageworks thathavehadamesmerizingeffectonyoungergenerations.RobertWaters analyzesGlass’smusicforthetheaterinthecontextofworksbyother composersinterestedinso-calledminimalistfeatures.Hisdiscussionincludes threeintroductorychaptersthataddressthevalidityoftermssuchas minimalism,post-minimalism,postmodernism,andneo-Romanticism, followedbyabriefoverviewofGlass’slifeandworksintheperiodbeforehe begantocomposeforthetheater.Watersexaminesthedifferenttypesof theaterresponsibleforGlass’simpact,includingRobertWilson’sTheaterof Images.HeshedslightonGlass’sphilosophyregardingstaging,text,and othertheatricalcomponents,whichincludesadefianceofconventional narrative,visualandauraldissociationasatheatricaltechnique,and deconstructionistconcepts. robertf.watersteachesattheNewJerseyInstituteofTechnology.Hehas alsoheldfacultypositionsatSetonHallUniversityandWakeForestUniversity. Hispublishedresearchfocusesonnineteenth-andtwentieth-centurymusicin FranceandtheUSA.Hehaslecturedandpresentedpapersthroughoutthe USAaswellasintheUK,Europe,andAustralia.Watersalsowroteasamusic criticfortheWashingtonPostfortenyearsandhasperformedasapianist. Published online by Cambridge University Press Published online by Cambridge University Press The Stage Works of Philip Glass robert f. waters NewJerseyInstituteofTechnology Published online by Cambridge University Press UniversityPrintingHouse,Cambridgecb28bs,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,ny10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,vic3207,Australia 314–321,3rdFloor,Plot3,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre, NewDelhi–110025,India 103PenangRoad,#05–06/07,VisioncrestCommercial,Singapore238467 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107049758 doi:10.1017/9781107279148 ©RobertF.Waters2022 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2022 AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData names:Waters,Robert(RobertFrancis),author. title:ThestageworksofPhilipGlass/RobertWaters. description:[1.]|Cambridge;NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress,2022.| Series:[Composersonthestage]|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. identifiers:lccn2021056609(print)|lccn2021056610(ebook)|isbn 9781107049758(hardback)|isbn9781107279148(ebook) subjects:lcsh:Glass,Philip.–Criticismandinterpretation.|Glass,Philip.Operas.| Glass,Philip.Musictheater.|Glass,Philip.Motionpicturemusic.|Minimalmusic– Historyandcriticism.|Opera–20thcentury.|Opera–21stcentury.|Musictheater– 20thcentury–Historyandcriticism.|Musictheater–21stcentury–Historyand criticism.|Motionpicturemusic–20thcentury–Historyandcriticism.|Motionpicture music–21stcentury–Historyandcriticism. classification:lccml410.g398w382022(print)|lccml410.g398(ebook)|ddc 780.92x–dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2021056609 LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2021056610 isbn978-1-107-04975-8Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. Published online by Cambridge University Press for Jennifer Published online by Cambridge University Press Published online by Cambridge University Press contents ListofFigures pageix ListofTables x ListofMusicExamples xi ListofSelectedStageWorksofPhilipGlass xii Preface xv Acknowledgments xix part i background 1 1 Introduction 3 2 TerminologyandStagesofMinimalism 8 3 Terminology:Post-Minimalism,Postmodernism, andNeo-Romanticism 29 4 PhilipGlass’sEarlyLifeandCareer1937–1975 45 part ii stage works 71 5 Theater 73 6 LanguageandPhilosophy 96 7 Themes,Genres,andArchetypes 112 8 MultimediaandHybridGenres 128 9 Dance 151 10 Music 171 vii Published online by Cambridge University Press viii Contents 11 CriticalandAudienceReception 185 12 Conclusion 199 Notes 205 SelectBibliography 238 Index 254 Published online by Cambridge University Press figures 4.1 AdditiveandsubtractivestructureinGlass’s1+1 page59 9.1 EinsteinontheBeach,FieldDance1,choreographybyAndrew deGroat;ThéâtreMunicipal,Avignon,1976 157 9.2 EinsteinontheBeach,FieldDance1,choreographybyLucinda Childs;BrooklynAcademyofMusic,NewYork,2012 158 10.1 EinsteinontheBeach,BedAriaScene,enlargementofrhythmic pattern 175 10.2 Appomattox(2007version),ActI,Prologue,pitchlevelswith rhythmiccyclicconstruction 177 ix Published online by Cambridge University Press