(continued from front flap) Protecting Sovereignty While ADVANCE PRAISE FOR T The The Sovereignty Wars is intended to help today’s H Advancing American Interests E policymakers think more clearly about what is The Sovereig nty Wars in the Global Age actually at stake in the sovereignty debate and to S S ove r e i g n ty provide criteria for determining when it is appro- O priate to negotiate and how to achieve bargains V Americans have long been protective of their coun- over sovereignty. E try’s sovereignty—all the way back to George “Stewart Patrick unpacks a complex subject in a short, clear book that could not be more timely. R Washington, who admonished his successors to avoid The stakes in the ‘sovereignty wars’ he describes are high and rising for the United States and E “permanent” alliances with foreign powers. Through- the world.” —ANNE-MARIE SLAUGHTER, President and CEO, New America I Wa r s out its history, the United States has faced periodic, G often heated, debates about how to maintain that N “With lucidity and verve, Stewart Patrick shows how the right-wing fixation with alleged sovereignty, and whether it is endangered when the T threats to U.S. sovereignty—from the UN, foreign courts, human rights organizations, and Y nation enters into international treaties and alliances other demonic forces—has damaged rather than enhanced American power. I implore the about which Washington warned. W As the 2016 election made clear, sovereignty is nationalist crowd to overcome its resistance and read this book.” A also one of the most frequently invoked, polemical, —JAMES TRAUB, columnist, Foreign Policy, R and misunderstood concepts in politics—particu- and author of John Quincy Adams: Militant Spirit S larly American politics. The concept wields symbolic power, implying something sacred and inalienable: “In this intelligent and beautifully written book, Stewart Patrick has brought into sharp focus the right of the people to control their fate without the deep, tangled, and contested ideas of sovereignty that swirl beneath the surface in foreign subordination to outside authorities. Given its emo- policy debates about America’s role in the world. In illuminating the different meanings of tional pull, however, the concept is easily hijacked sovereignty and the great historical struggles over them, The Sovereignty Wars provides the by political opportunists. By playing the sovereignty terms for new and enlightened thinking about America’s global engagement.” card, they can curtail more reasoned debates over the Stewart Patrick is James H. Binger Senior —G. JOHN IKENBERRY, Albert G. Milbank Professor merits of proposed international commitments by Fellow in Global Governance and director of the of Politics and International Affairs, Princeton University portraying supporters of global treaties or organiza- International Institutions and Global Governance tions as enemies of motherhood and apple pie. Program at the Council on Foreign Relations. “Stewart Patrick has written a perfect Guide to the Perplexed that helps sort through the mud- P Reconciling Ame rica Such arguments distract Americans from what is really at stake in the sovereignty debate: namely, A dled arguments being thrown about today regarding perceived threats to American sovereignty T the ability of the United States to shape its destiny in and shows how international engagement often enhances rather than limits U.S. influence.” R a global age. The United States cannot successfully with the Wo rld —FRANCIS FUKUYAMA, Olivier Nomellini Senior Fellow, I manage globalization, much less insulate itself from C Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University transnational threats, on its own. As global integra- K tion deepens and cross-border challenges grow, the nation’s fate is increasingly tied to that of other coun- tries, whose cooperation will be needed to exploit the S T E WA R T PAT R I C K shared opportunities and mitigate the common risks A Council on Foreign Relations Book of interdependence. Jacket design by Zoe Norvell BROOKINGS INSTITUTION PRESS Jacket photograph by Robert Smith/Alamy Stock Washington, D.C. | www.brookings.edu/press (continued on back flap) (continued from front flap) Protecting Sovereignty While ADVANCE PRAISE FOR T The The Sovereignty Wars is intended to help today’s H Advancing American Interests E policymakers think more clearly about what is The Sovereig nty Wars in the Global Age actually at stake in the sovereignty debate and to S S ove r e i g n ty provide criteria for determining when it is appro- O priate to negotiate and how to achieve bargains V Americans have long been protective of their coun- over sovereignty. E try’s sovereignty—all the way back to George “Stewart Patrick unpacks a complex subject in a short, clear book that could not be more timely. R Washington, who admonished his successors to avoid The stakes in the ‘sovereignty wars’ he describes are high and rising for the United States and E “permanent” alliances with foreign powers. Through- the world.” —ANNE-MARIE SLAUGHTER, President and CEO, New America I Wa r s out its history, the United States has faced periodic, G often heated, debates about how to maintain that N “With lucidity and verve, Stewart Patrick shows how the right-wing fixation with alleged sovereignty, and whether it is endangered when the T threats to U.S. sovereignty—from the UN, foreign courts, human rights organizations, and Y nation enters into international treaties and alliances other demonic forces—has damaged rather than enhanced American power. I implore the about which Washington warned. W As the 2016 election made clear, sovereignty is nationalist crowd to overcome its resistance and read this book.” A also one of the most frequently invoked, polemical, —JAMES TRAUB, columnist,Foreign Policy, R and misunderstood concepts in politics—particu- and author of John Quincy Adams: Militant Spirit S larly American politics. The concept wields symbolic power, implying something sacred and inalienable: “In this intelligent and beautifully written book, Stewart Patrick has brought into sharp focus the right of the people to control their fate without the deep, tangled, and contested ideas of sovereignty that swirl beneath the surface in foreign subordination to outside authorities. Given its emo- policy debates about America’s role in the world. In illuminating the different meanings of tional pull, however, the concept is easily hijacked sovereignty and the great historical struggles over them,The Sovereignty Wars provides the by political opportunists. By playing the sovereignty terms for new and enlightened thinking about America’s global engagement.” card, they can curtail more reasoned debates over the Stewart Patrick is James H. Binger Senior —G. JOHN IKENBERRY, Albert G. Milbank Professor merits of proposed international commitments by Fellow in Global Governance and director of the of Politics and International Affairs, Princeton University portraying supporters of global treaties or organiza- International Institutions and Global Governance tions as enemies of motherhood and apple pie. Program at the Council on Foreign Relations. “Stewart Patrick has written a perfect Guide to the Perplexed that helps sort through the mud- P Reconciling Ame rica Such arguments distract Americans from what is really at stake in the sovereignty debate: namely, A dled arguments being thrown about today regarding perceived threats to American sovereignty T the ability of the United States to shape its destiny in and shows how international engagement often enhances rather than limits U.S. influence.” R a global age. The United States cannot successfully with the Wo rld —FRANCIS FUKUYAMA, Olivier Nomellini Senior Fellow, I manage globalization, much less insulate itself from C Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University transnational threats, on its own. As global integra- K tion deepens and cross-border challenges grow, the nation’s fate is increasingly tied to that of other coun- tries, whose cooperation will be needed to exploit the S T E WA R T PAT R I C K shared opportunities and mitigate the common risks A Council on Foreign Relations Book of interdependence. Jacket design by Zoe Norvell BROOKINGS INSTITUTION PRESS Jacket photograph by Robert Smith/Alamy Stock Washington, D.C. | www.brookings.edu/press (continued on back flap) (continued from front flap) Protecting Sovereignty While ADVANCE PRAISE FOR T The The Sovereignty Wars is intended to help today’s H Advancing American Interests E policymakers think more clearly about what is The Sovereig nty Wars in the Global Age actually at stake in the sovereignty debate and to S S ove r e i g n ty provide criteria for determining when it is appro- O priate to negotiate and how to achieve bargains V Americans have long been protective of their coun- over sovereignty. E try’s sovereignty—all the way back to George “Stewart Patrick unpacks a complex subject in a short, clear book that could not be more timely. R Washington, who admonished his successors to avoid The stakes in the ‘sovereignty wars’ he describes are high and rising for the United States and E “permanent” alliances with foreign powers. Through- the world.” —ANNE-MARIE SLAUGHTER, President and CEO, New America I Wa r s out its history, the United States has faced periodic, G often heated, debates about how to maintain that N “With lucidity and verve, Stewart Patrick shows how the right-wing fixation with alleged sovereignty, and whether it is endangered when the T threats to U.S. sovereignty—from the UN, foreign courts, human rights organizations, and Y nation enters into international treaties and alliances other demonic forces—has damaged rather than enhanced American power. I implore the about which Washington warned. W As the 2016 election made clear, sovereignty is nationalist crowd to overcome its resistance and read this book.” A also one of the most frequently invoked, polemical, —JAMES TRAUB, columnist, Foreign Policy, R and misunderstood concepts in politics—particu- and author of John Quincy Adams: Militant Spirit S larly American politics. The concept wields symbolic power, implying something sacred and inalienable: “In this intelligent and beautifully written book, Stewart Patrick has brought into sharp focus the right of the people to control their fate without the deep, tangled, and contested ideas of sovereignty that swirl beneath the surface in foreign subordination to outside authorities. Given its emo- policy debates about America’s role in the world. In illuminating the different meanings of tional pull, however, the concept is easily hijacked sovereignty and the great historical struggles over them, The Sovereignty Wars provides the by political opportunists. By playing the sovereignty terms for new and enlightened thinking about America’s global engagement.” card, they can curtail more reasoned debates over the Stewart Patrick is James H. Binger Senior —G. JOHN IKENBERRY, Albert G. Milbank Professor merits of proposed international commitments by Fellow in Global Governance and director of the of Politics and International Affairs, Princeton University portraying supporters of global treaties or organiza- International Institutions and Global Governance tions as enemies of motherhood and apple pie. Program at the Council on Foreign Relations. “Stewart Patrick has written a perfect Guide to the Perplexed that helps sort through the mud- P Reconciling Ame rica Such arguments distract Americans from what is really at stake in the sovereignty debate: namely, A dled arguments being thrown about today regarding perceived threats to American sovereignty T the ability of the United States to shape its destiny in and shows how international engagement often enhances rather than limits U.S. influence.” R a global age. The United States cannot successfully with the Wo rld —FRANCIS FUKUYAMA, Olivier Nomellini Senior Fellow, I manage globalization, much less insulate itself from C Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University transnational threats, on its own. As global integra- K tion deepens and cross-border challenges grow, the nation’s fate is increasingly tied to that of other coun- tries, whose cooperation will be needed to exploit the S T E WA R T PAT R I C K shared opportunities and mitigate the common risks A Council on Foreign Relations Book of interdependence. Jacket design by Zoe Norvell BROOKINGS INSTITUTION PRESS Jacket photograph by Robert Smith/Alamy Stock Washington, D.C. | www.brookings.edu/press (continued on back flap) The Sovereignty Wars 00-3159-7_fm.indd 1 9/11/17 1:09 PM 00-3159-7_fm.indd 2 9/11/17 1:09 PM The Brookings Institution The Brookings Institution is a private nonprofit organ ization devoted to research, education, and publication on impor tant issues of domestic and foreign policy. Its principal purpose is to bring the highest quality in de­ pen dent research and analy sis to bear on current and emerging policy probl ems. Interpretations or conclusions in Brookings publications should be understood to be solely those of the authors. The Council on Foreign Relations The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is an in de pen dent, nonparti­ san membership organ ization, think tank, and publisher dedicated to being a resource for its members, government officials, business execu­ tives, journalists, educators and students, civic and religious leaders, and other interested citizens in order to help them better understand the world and the foreign policy choices facing the United States and other countries. 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The Council on Foreign Relations takes no institutional positions on policy issues and has no affiliation with the U.S. government. All views expressed in its publications and on its website are the sole responsibility of the author or authors. 00-3159-7_fm.indd 3 9/11/17 1:09 PM 00-3159-7_fm.indd 4 9/11/17 1:09 PM The Sovereignty Wars Reconciling Amer i ca with the World STEWART PATRICK A COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS BOOK BROOKINGS INSTITUTION PRESS Washington, D.C. 00-3159-7_fm.indd 5 9/11/17 1:09 PM Copyright © 2018 THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION 1775 Mas sa chu setts Ave nue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 www. b rookings. e du All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmit­ ted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the Brook­ ings Institution Press. The Brookings Institution is a private nonprofit organ ization devoted to re­ search, education, and publication on impor tant issues of domestic and for­ eign policy. Its principal purpose is to bring the highest quality in de pen dent research and analy sis to bear on current and emerging policy prob lems. Inter­ pretations or conclusions in Brookings publications should be understood to be solely those of the authors. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication data are available. ISBN 978­0­8157­3159­7 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 978­0­8157­3160­3 (ebook) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Typeset in Adobe Jenson Pro Composition by Westchester Publishing Ser vices 00-3159-7_fm.indd 6 9/11/17 1:09 PM Contents Acknowle dgments ix Abbreviations xiii ONE Introduction: The Sovereignty Wars 1 TWO There’s No Place Like Home: Sovereignty, American Style 28 THREE Power and Interdependence: U.S. Sovereignty in the American C entury 59 00-3159-7_fm.indd 7 9/11/17 1:09 PM