Paul Groth · Elena Simperl Alasdair Gray · Marta Sabou Markus Krötzsch · Freddy Lecue Fabian Flöck · Yolanda Gil (Eds.) 1 The Semantic Web – 8 9 9 S ISWC 2016 C N L 15th International Semantic Web Conference Kobe, Japan, October 17–21, 2016 Proceedings, Part I 123 Lecture Notes in Computer Science 9981 Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors: Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen Editorial Board David Hutchison Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK Takeo Kanade Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Josef Kittler University of Surrey, Guildford, UK Jon M. Kleinberg Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Friedemann Mattern ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland John C. Mitchell Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Moni Naor Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel C. Pandu Rangan Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India Bernhard Steffen TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany Demetri Terzopoulos University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Doug Tygar University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Gerhard Weikum Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7409 Paul Groth Elena Simperl (cid:129) Alasdair Gray Marta Sabou (cid:129) ö Markus Kr tzsch Freddy Lecue (cid:129) ö Fabian Fl ck Yolanda Gil (Eds.) (cid:129) – The Semantic Web ISWC 2016 15th International Semantic Web Conference – Kobe, Japan, October 17 21, 2016 Proceedings, Part I 123 Editors PaulGroth FreddyLecue Elsevier Labs Accenture Technology Labs Amsterdam Dublin TheNetherlands Ireland ElenaSimperl and University of Southampton Southampton Inria UK SophiaAntipolis France Alasdair Gray Heriot-Watt University FabianFlöck Edinburgh GESIS-Leibniz Institute for theSocial UK Sciences Cologne Marta Sabou Germany Vienna University of Technology Vienna Yolanda Gil Austria University of SouthernCalifornia Marina del Rey, CA Markus Krötzsch USA Technische UniversitätDresden Dresden Germany ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic) Lecture Notesin Computer Science ISBN 978-3-319-46522-7 ISBN978-3-319-46523-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-46523-4 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016951984 LNCSSublibrary:SL3–InformationSystemsandApplications,incl.Internet/Web,andHCI ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2016 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynow knownorhereafterdeveloped. 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Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface TheInternationalSemanticWebConference(ISWC)continuestobethepremierforum for Semantic Web researchers and practitioners to gather and share exciting new findingsandexperiences.Thecommunityhassteadilygrowninsizeandscopeoverthe years,coveringmanyaspectsofSemanticWebtechnologiesthatlieattheintersection ofsemantictechnologies,data,andtheWeb.Basicresearchhasrenewedimportanceas anengineofscientificunderstandingandofnewideas.Thebroadrangeofapplications ofSemanticWebtechnologiesinreal settings help us appreciate the accomplishments of the field as well as the limitations and challenges ahead. In addition to building on well-established standards, the community is always generating shared resources and infrastructure. There is a palpable excitement as we witness the Web becoming more machine readable every day. ThisvolumecontainstheproceedingsofISWC2016withallthepapersacceptedto the main conference tracks. This year, in addition to the traditional ISWC Research TrackwesolicitedsubmissionstoanApplicationsTrackandanewResourcesTrack.A new Journal Track was introduced to expand the scope of the conference. The main conference call for papers received 326 responses, over 60 more than the total for the 2015 conference. TheResearchTrackcontinuestobethemostpopularcategoryforsubmissions.This year, the track solicited novel and significant research contributions addressing theo- retical, analytical,empirical,andpractical aspects oftheSemantic Web.Inadditionto workbuildingonW3CSemanticWebrecommendations(e.g.,RDF,OWL,SPARQL, etc.), investigations on other approaches to the intersection of semantics and the Web were encouraged. The track received 212 submissions. After a bidding process, each was reviewed by at least four anonymous members of the Program Committee of the track including oneseniorProgram Committee member.Authors weregiven a chance to respond to the reviews during an author rebuttal period. The senior Program Committeememberwasresponsibleforpromotingdiscussionamongthereviewersand making a final recommendation to the program chairs. Papers were discussed in a Program Committee meeting, and the chairs made final determinations about accep- tance. These proceedings include the 39 papers that were accepted for presentation at the conference. TheApplicationsTracksolicited submissionsexploringthebenefitsandchallenges of applying semantic technologies in concrete, practical applications, in contexts ranging from industry to government and science. The track accepted submissions in three categories: (1) in-use applications providing evidence that there is actual, sig- nificant use of the proposed application or tool by the target user group, preferably outsidethegroupthatconductedthedevelopment;(2)industryapplicationsdescribing abusinesscaseormotivationanddemonstratingtheirimpactintherespectiveindustry while ideally positioning the value of the tool or system for the Semantic Web com- munity; (3) emerging applications describing early reports on real-world projects, VI Preface exposing substantial research contributions and lessons learned in terms of semantics requirements, testing of approaches or infrastructure, and evaluations of early proto- types. The track received a total of 43 submissions and accepted 12. Each submission wasreviewedbyatleastthreeProgramCommitteemembersofthetrack.Authorshad the opportunity to submit a rebuttal to the reviews to clarify questions posed by Program Committee members. The program chairs made final decisions about accep- tance:23submissionswereemergingapplicationsandsevenofthemwereaccepted,15 were in-use applications and four were accepted, and five were industry applications and one was accepted. ThenewlyintroducedResourcesTracksoughtsubmissionsprovidingaconciseand clear description of a resource and its (expected) usage. Traditional resources are consideredtobeontologies,vocabularies,datasets,benchmarksandreplicationstudies, services, and software. These resources are important outputs of any scientific work. Sharing these resources with the research community does not only ensure the reproducibility of results, but also has the benefit of supporting other researchers in their own work. Although high-quality shared resources have a key role and an essential impact on the advancement of a research community, the academic acknowledgement for sharing such resources is low. Therefore, many researchers primarily focus on publishing scientific papers and lack the motivation to share their resources.Anadditionalchallengeisthatresourcesareoftensharedwithoutfollowing best practices, for example, at non-permanent URLs that become unavailable within a fewmonths.TheResourcesTrackaimedtoencourageresourcesharingfollowingbest practices within the Semantic Web community. Besides more established types of resources, the track solicited submissions of new types of resources such as ontology designpatterns,crowdsourcingtaskdesigns,workflows,methodologies,andprotocols and measures. The track received 71 submissions. At least three Program Committee membersforthetrackreviewedeachpaperusingastructuredreviewformthatfocused on best practices for publishing a resource. After an author rebuttal period and sub- sequent discussion among the reviewers, the program chairs decided on the final acceptance of 24 resource papers that are included in these proceedings and were invited to be presented at the conference. A new Journal Track was introduced this year to invite presentations at the con- ferenceaboutrecentpapersinthemainjournalswherethecommunitypublishes.This inauguraltracktargetedtheJournalofWebSemanticsandtheSemanticWebJournal. Authorsofpapersacceptedduringthepastyearthatwerenotpreviouslypresentedata main Semantic Web conference could self-nominate their paper. From the 49 self- nominations,theeditorialboardsoftherespectivejournalschose12.Thesepapersare not included in these proceedings, but we list full citations of the papers that can be found in the journals. There are 75 papers included in these proceedings for the Research, Applications, andResourcestracks.ThesubstantialamountofpapersintheResourcesTrackattestto thestrongcultureintheSemanticWebcommunityofdisseminatingresearchproducts andcontinuingtoextendthepoolofsharedresources,anddoingsobeyondontologies and software. The conference proceedings were meticulously assembled by Fabian Flöck as proceedings chair, who worked with the chairs to compile all the papers from the Preface VII authors,producethetableofcontentsandthefrontmatter,andsubmiteverythingtothe publishers. Silvio Peroni and Christoph Lange served as metadata chairs, organizing structureddescriptionsofthecontentsoftheproceedingssotheycanbemadeavailable as semantic content in linked open data format. This year we accepted paper sub- missions in HTML format, but only received one submission in this format. Theconferenceincludedavariety ofeventsthataretraditional atISWCandenrich the opportunities for interaction, learning, and mentoring. The ISWC 2016 program included invited talks from prominent researchers within andoutsidethefield.ChristianBizerfromtheUniversityofMannheimtalkedabout“Is the Semantic Web What We Expected? Adoption Patterns and Content-Driven Chal- lenges.”HiroakiKitanooffromSonyComputerScienceLabs,theOkinawaInstituteof Science and Technology, and the Systems Biology Institute discussed “Artificial Intelligence to Win the Nobel Prize and Beyond: Creating the Engine for Scientific Discovery.” Kathleen McKeown of Columbia University, gave a talk titled “At the Intersection of Data Science and Language.” The Posters and Demos session, chaired by Takahiro Kawamura and Heiko Paul- heim, included 55 posters and 47 demos selected among 115 total submissions. ALightningTalkssessionofferedtimetothosewhowantedtotaketothestagebriefly to offer late-breaking results, discussion topics, and perspectives. Thanks to our workshop and tutorial chairs, Chiara Guidini and Heiner Stucken- schmidt,theconference startedoffwithverysuccessfulfocusedandhighlyinteractive events. Five tutorials were held on ontology design patterns, RDF-stream processing, link discovery, Semantic Web for Internet/Web of Things, and SPARQL querying benchmarks. Moreover, 15 workshops were also held to foster discussions on specific topics of interest and to catalyze emerging communities. Also prior to the conference there was a discussion to envision the future of the Semantic Web Challenge. The doctoral consortium chairs, Philippe Cudre-Mauroux, Riichiro Mizoguchi, and Natasha Noy, reviewed submissions from students still working on their PhD, and organized an event that gave them an opportunity to share their research ideas in a critical but supportive environment, to get feedback from mentors who are senior membersofthecommunity,toexploreissuesrelatedtoacademicandresearchcareers, and to build relationships with other PhD students from around the world. This pro- gram was complemented by activities put together by Abraham Bernstein, Daniel Garijo, and Matthew Horridge as student coordinators, who arranged travel awards, a mentoring lunch, and other informal opportunities for students to meet other members of the Semantic Web community. The organization of a conference goes well beyond putting together a scientific program.Thereweremanyvolunteerswhoworkedhardtosupportthelargeeventthat ISWC has become, with hundreds of attendees from all over the world. We are very grateful to Hideaki Takeda, who as local arrangements chair led a skilled team to support the hotel accommodations, arrange conference facilities, develop the confer- encewebsite,andtake care ofthemyriad ofdetailsinvolvedinsupportingascientific conference.Wethankallofthemformakingtheconferenceafuneventandforhosting us in the beautiful city of Kobe. The city’s diverse surroundings (from the modern Kobe port to the mountainous Arima hot spring) and cultural heritage (from the Ikuta shrine to Nada Sake breweries) inspired all participants to think more broadly and VIII Preface aboutthelonger-termlegacyoftheirwork.WeareespeciallythankfultoIkkiOhmukai andKoujiKozakiasvicechairsofthelocalcommitteeandRathachaiChawuthaiasthe Web master. Sponsorship is crucial to support the conference. We would like to thank our sponsorship chairs, Makoto Iwayama and Carlos Pedrinaci, for their thorough and tireless work at arranging sponsorship, and to all of our sponsors for their generous contributions.WewouldalsoliketothankAmitShethforsubmittingaproposaltothe National Science Foundation that helped secure support for student travel to the con- ference. The continued support from the National Science Foundation is greatly appreciated. We are also grateful to the Semantic Web Science Association (SWSA), and in particular to its chair, Natasha Noy, and its treasurer, Guus Schreiber, for their spon- sorshipandformaintainingallthehistoricalrecordsofpreviousconferencescontaining preciousdataandadvice.WearealsogratefultoSteffenStaab,UlrichWechselberger, JeffHeflin,andtherestoftheOrganizingCommitteeofISWC2015,whowerealways at hand to answer our questions and provide thoughtful advice. Last but not least, we would like to thank Miel Vander Sande, our publicity chair, who took all the announcements to mailing lists, social media, and other outlets to ensure dissemination and awareness of all the conference events. We hope that these proceedings and the events at ISWC 2016 will contribute to a lasting legacy of this conference for many years to come. October 2016 Paul Groth & Elena Simperl Program Committee Co-chairs,Research Track Alasdair Gray & Marta Sabou Program Committee Co-chairs, Resources Track Markus Krötzsch & Freddy Lecue Program Committee Co-chairs,ApplicationsTrack Yolanda Gil General Chair Conference Organization General Chair Yolanda Gil University of Southern California, USA Local Chair Hideaki Takeda National Institute of Informatics, Japan Research Track Chairs Paul Groth Elsevier Labs, The Netherlands Elena Simperl University of Southampton, UK Resources Track Chairs Alasdair Gray Heriot-Watt University, UK Marta Sabou Vienna University of Technology, Austria Applications Track Chairs Markus Krötzsch TU Dresden, Germany Freddy Lecue Accenture Technology Labs, Ireland/Inria, France Workshop and Tutorial Chairs Chiara Ghidini Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Italy Heiner Stuckenschmidt University of Mannheim, Germany Posters and Demos Track Chairs Takahiro Kawamura Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan Heiko Paulheim University of Mannheim, Germany Journal Track Chairs Abraham Bernstein University of Zurich, Switzerland Pascal Hitzler Wright State University, USA Guus Schreiber VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands