' ··� r..:.· /./ ;,._., t; The Selected Writings of A.R.Luria The Selected Writings of A.R.Luria EDITEWDI THA NI NTRODUCTBIYO N MichaeClo le M.E .S harpe INC. WHITPEL AINNSE,W Y ORK Copyrig©h t1 978b y M.E .S harpeI,n c. 901N orthB roadwayW,h itPel ainNse,w York1 0603 Thiasn tholoigsyd rawnf romS oviPesty choloSgoyv,i Neetu rolo&g Py sy­ chiatarnyd,S oviPesty cholo&g Pys ychiatqurayr,t erjloyu rnaplusb lishbeyd M.E .S harpeI,n c(.f ormerIlnyt ernatiAorntasal n dS ciencPerse sIsn,c .). Translati©o1n9s6 41,9 671,9 681,9 741,9 76b y InternatioAnratlsa nd SciencPerse sIsn,c . Allr ighrtess ervNeod .p arotf t hibso okm ay ber eproducienda nyf orm withoupte rmissiooftn h ep ul:ilisher. Articlbeesg innionngp age3s, 4 5,7 8,1 45,2 29a nd3 19a rep ublishbeyda rrange­ mentw ithV AAP,t heS ovieCto pyrigAhgte ncy. LibraorfyC ongreCsast aloCga rdN umber7:8 -64342 InternatioSntaaln daBrodo kN umber0:- 87332-127-8 Printiendt heU niteSdt atoefsA merica CONTENTS vii Introduction MichaCeoll e I.E arlbyeg innings 3 Psycnhaoylasiassa S ystoefMm o nisPtsiycc hology A.R .L uira IID.e velonptmaslet udies 45A ChislSp de'ecRhe psonessa ntd he iSaEolnc vironment A.R .L uria 78 ExperimenPtsaylc hoalnoCdgh yi Dledv elopment A.R .L urai 97P athosfD evelopomfTe hnotu gihnt th Ceh ild A. LRu.r ia 145T heD evelopomfWe rnitt iinnt gh Ceh ild A. R. Luria 195T heD evelopomfCe onnts tvreuA cctvtiiitiynt he PreschoCohli ld A.R . Luria 229T heF ormtaioonfV oluntMaorvye meinnCt hsi ldren ofP rsec hoAogle 0.K .T kihomirov IIIe.u rNo pslygyoc ho 237 L.S .V ygotasnkdty h Per boleomfF unocntail Loclaitzinao A.R .L uria 228 TwoA pproatcoha enEs v alunao tfti hoRee liability ofP scyhologIincvaels tigations A.R .L urainaEd .Y u.A retme'v a 294D isturobfanI cnet eulalFleu ccntitnos Piatni ents witFhr notaLlob eL esniso A.R .L uriaL .aSn .Td z vtkeova 302N eurposycholAongayilsciaoslft hPer decitaive StrucotfUu trtee reasn c A.R .L urainadL . TSz.vk eotva 391 Sydnrmoeso fM nemonDiiscro deArcsc mopanying DiencehpalTiucm ors A.R .L uriNa.K, . K iyashkco,hL e.n MIo.s vkciohuyt,e T.0 .F alleran,Nd .A .F illippycheva 330E ye-MovemeMnetc nhsiamsi nN ormaanld PatholoVgiisocina l A.R .L uriEa.N, . P rvadina-Vinaanrds kaya, A.L .I arbus INTRODUCTION Thea ritlceisn tvhouilmse a raes amlpeo ft hieed asc no­ sturctaenddf acctolslc eetdb yA lenxdaeRro manovLiurciha ( ) 1902-1797durimnogr teh ahnaf l cane utryo fp sychoogcliarle­ sercah.I b eacmea cquaintweitdhp atrso ft hweo rdkur intgh e lat1e950 s.I s tudwiitehdL u riian 1 96-263a nda tv ariootuehsr perioidnst hlea s1t5y ea.rD sesptihitsel o gna sscioatitohne, scpoeo fh sic nortibtuiotnoos u ru ndetrasnndgoi f hunmaatnu re habs eedni cffutilf omre gtroa .s "pHlafc enat uriys"a ne asy enuoghc nocepttou ndersftomaranllyd ,b utth lei visnugb stance oft hpeh rawshee anp pltioea s dc ientiwsotri'kssr areilfy , evre,a ccesbselit oo htesr.T hee xpiotsitohnaf to lsli oswc e­r taniyl icnmopleatnepd r obyai bnlcacuraittie st; h bee stth atth e fatcsa th anwdil pl emrit. AlenxdareR omanovbiecghha snip rofeisosnearlaa t a t umul­ tuomuosm etni nh umahnsi otry.T heB olshReevviuoktl ihoand inrtreutpehdsi h gih-scchaoreoelr,i nt hpero viinacRlus sain cmomecrailc entreo fK aza.n Changeisne ducnaatrlie ogula­ toinsa ncd urricluelhfamit freteoa cecelarthesi p assage trhougthha ec rcetdiinpgro cesasn,wd itihnt hryeeeas hr eh ad cmopletetdh feo ramlr eqeuimerntfso arc ollegdee gere. ( Witlhi tgtulied afnrcoeam f acltuiynd iasrraoyw intgot he ) abrucphta nignte h ietn leelcutala npdo itlciaclil mat,L euria wasa lloewdt of aisohhnsi o wne ducatTihoepn ro.d utmc ayn ot haveb eeind lelasyy stteimbcau,it tr erpesenatf eadis ncating amaglamo ft hlee adiidnegia nts h seco ailsc ienceosft htemi e.s Lurwiaas i tneersteidn U tpoiasnco ialiansdm,p artaircluyl, vii viii MichaCeolle thper boleomfc han:gW ehawta st hseou rcoefi deaabosu sto ­ ciye?tH owc aonn ues es ucihd etaobs r ianbgo sucto ilac han?g e Hiss ocitahli nk(iannhgde nctheme e dmi fuohri ssoc ilaa ctii­v tise)w a,sf rotmh beeg innifnogc,u osnet dhi en diviHdouwa l. can itdnhiiev daulb el nikedt ol aerrgs ociaulnt is? In hissea rcfho arn a nswteotr h siq uestoin,L uriwaa sd rawn tor edat hneeo -Knatisaocni -aslcnicepeh ilpohrsesoo ft hlea te 19tche nt-uDriyl they, anRdWi icnhdeerltb,a nwdhto,mt hef or reloantsihbiept wepesny clhgooya nhdsi troyw asa p viotiasles .u AltouhgWhu ndhta ds teu pa p syclhgooyl baoratoirn1y 8 8t0h,re e wasn othaipnpgar cohianc go nsseunasb ouwth at okfsi nicde nce psyclhgooyc ouldi,np ricnilper,pe rsenetE. venW undwth,o maintatihnatethde e x perimmeetnhtdoaw la sa na pproptroioalt e ofp syclhgoyod,i ndot b eileevt halta boramteohtroydw se raep ­ proprtioaa ltales pcetosft hseic encRea.t rh,ee xperimental metdhsoc oulbde u setdos tuodnlyy e lemenptsayrcyh ological proscseefsok;ll oarneed t nhographhaytd o b er eldiu epotno spupliyn rfmoaotni oaubhti ghpesry clhgooilcf anuctniso. Diltahnehdyi cso lleawgeurneeots w illitnocg o ncetdhieis n ­ terpreno tfae ttihireop arotfW undte'nst resirepO.n eo ft hier centqrueaslitn osw asw hat kindw eorpfeo s lsiabwlfser otmh e stduyo f hupmsaync holporogciecsasleS hso.ul odn ser tievf or gene(rn"aolm toehtilca"w)ts h adtec sri"bMea "nb uatr uen able toa cocunfto trh e csiipfcbe ehaviofoa rnsiy d niivdaul" mna"? Thiwsa st hmeo deolft hnea tusrcianelc e(sN atusrsweinhasfc­ tena)ntd hmeo deald opbtyeW du ndt thfseot rdu yo fs nesroy prcoeesss.O rs houdlp syclhgoyoa tteomnpyltt od ecsritbhee intriccmoaptleer xe aliitnyd iuovafsil ,pd rovi"diiodngigr acp"h i acocunitnst hter daiotnio ft hheu masnicee nc(eeGssi tweiss­ sneschaftseucnha) sh isrty?o Lurias'i netreisntt eh smea tterwsa sn otn arowrlay cdaemic. Caughutpi nt hreo manetnitch usoifta hsremev oulitno,h es ought as icenitcbi afssf ioirn lufenchiunmga anff aris.Pe rhafposr thirse ans,ho ew asn osta itsifewdi tthh ceh iocbeet weeann i di­ ogracp,dh eisctrieivp psyhcoloagnyad n omoetithcg,e nrelaiizng psyhcologTyh.eg eneral"iscziiening"ct,p i sfyclhgooyo fW undt, Brentaannodoht ,e lra boraptscoyhroygl siotsse emteodro e mtoe Intrcotdniu o ix froamn ry ealli-pfre oecstsh aotn eco uolbds reveo utsdiet he laboratIt owraysb. l oeosdlsa,ri tficainadolf n, o u sweh atever ind eanlgwi itthh per bolemfsa cihnugm anity. Butt hneeo -Kantoifafnesnr oeu ds aballertn eatiTvhee.y coul,dt ob es ure,p rovimducehm orei llumindaectsriinpgt ions ofr ecoginzabplseyh cologpircoeacsls eBsut.t hemierht odl eft thehma ncduffaessd c iesnt;tst ihey cnootlu alwdf uilnlfyl uence thoeb ejctso fo bservantsi.oT hewye rhee lepsltso i nitoira te guicdhaen g.e Whatth sei attunis oeemteord e qiurwea sa nkeiwn odfp sy­ chloogtyh actou lddea lw ith rtinchhee sosfi ndivpisduyhaco­l logiecxaple ribeunatcd em ioftg eneraliozfta htseior ottn hsa t madet hnea tusricaeln cpeows erflu.F ors eevraly easpr sycho­ anyaslsis emeedt oL uriaap romisibnasgsio nw hicthof uond thkei nodfp syhcolohgesy o ughtF.r edu'wsr itiwnegerst h e sourcoefm aniytn eersntgih yptoehseasbo utth meo tivianotal sourcseo fb ehiaovrb,uth ihsy postehasebo uvta risoyums bolic proscseesse emoevde ralbsyta rcatn ddf ifictuosl tdtuy b yo b­ jectmievaens .J ungs'tsu diest hufeers e-inagsc saiotimoent hod, hwoeevra,p peaarp erdmo isnigt oolt hactou lmda kteh meo tiva­ tinoadle etrminanotfsi ndivbiedhuvaailoa rc cseisbtloae n yaslis. Bye alborattihnbega iscf erea-sscoiiaottnce hniqLuuer,ih ao ped toc reaatnee x perimsecenintcaoelfi ndivmideunatllai l,f ea sicentcheaw tol udb eb othi diograpnhoimco etatchni.d Theseea lrys pceulataiboontusht fe u tudrier enco tfpi soyhcol­ ogwye ren eevrp ubslhie,ad lthoLuurgihpa r epaarm eadn surcipt on tshbuejc etw,h ehne w as1 9y earols,d t hahtek eptth roughout hicsa reer.T hedyi dh,o we,vg eurihdiees ar lcyl niciaaln de x­ perimewnotrakHl.e s petnitm aetK az'asnps ychihaotsrpiict al, whree,u snigJ ung'fser ea-sscoiantm ieothohdei ,ne trviepwae­d tite.sn Acecptianp gos tioini na l aboorradyt evotteodi ncreas­ intgh eef ficyo ifei nncduswtorkrieasrl,h ec arrieodu stt udies oft heef cfteo ff ateio gnum entaactlvii yt.I tw asi nt hceo urse oft hiwso rtkh ahted eevolpetdh fei tr,rsu mdeintrayt cehniques focrmo binienxgp erimpernotcaeld wuirttehhs fe er e-associa­ tinot echuneih;qe u seadno lHdi pcph rocnpooest om easurte he reactinot imoefw orrksea,td iffelreevneotlff s a tiwghuowe e,r e x MichaCeoll e asketdo a sosciattove a rious svtmeiulr.ib al Thsiv erye aralcyt iwvoiutlbyde o fl titiltnere esitfi tw ere nots oc elayra lndg eneyrr aellfletceidnL urai'lsa tweorrk; b ut ast haer ctelisc ollcteehder ea tsttet,h beas cit ehcniqLueursai deevolpewdh isltel ilas tduenwte rree atnieadn adp pltiheordu gh altlh mea npyh asso efh icsar ee.r 192w3a sa t urnngpi onitf oSro vipseycth oolgya,t urnpionign t thaatf fecLtureaida mlosti mmeidatelUyn.tt ihlay te aarc,a ­ demcip sycohlogry emnaeirde laetluiynav ffecbtyte hdOe c tober Revoulti.o Tnhel eandgRi usisapnsy choogliwsatsG . CIh.e lpa­ novw,h oh abde net hderi etcoorf t hIesn ttiutoefP sychoogliyn Moscows nicei tfso undiin1n 9g1 1C.h elpawnaosav p sychoo­l gisitnt hter aitdioofWn u ndatn Td tihcenear" ,br assi ns-tru .m entp"sy cohlogfioswrth omi ntroisopunen cdrte higcho­lny trolcloendd itpiroovnisdt ehdee ss entdiaatolafp sychology. Hisi nstipturustuepe rdte ytm ucohf t hsea miess uesb,y the samtee chuneisaq,st hopsuer suienm dan yl aborationr ies Geramnanyd t hUen itSetdas t.e By1 92t3h iasp poracthop sychooglwya su ndeart tafcoakr numboefrr eaonssm,a noyf w hicwhe rsei mlaitrot hreea sons useidna rgumeangtnassi stmi ilaarp proatcoph seyscoh olgiyn thUen itSetdas t.Ie nrtospetocinisptsy chooglwya sc riticized for mietthsdo ologsihcoarlt icnsog;md iffelraebnotr atories counlodat g reoneb aisce elmentpsrd oucebdyt raiintnerd­o spercst.o Argumeanbtostu htee x sietneco rn onexistoefn ce imageesltsh gohuatn d et"rdemniintge ndeesnh"cai pd rdouced suffictiheenotir ceactlh aotsom akmea npysy cohlgositrse ecp­ tivteoW astno'csa lflo arp sychoogloyf b ehvaiotrh aetsh cewed thceon ceopftc onscieoxupse reia elntecoteghr. Therwea sa los widespdrsieasaitds fancw tiittohh veer yn arwr lomiitso fi tnr­o spetcivpesy chooglyi;tc ounlodit n ucdelt hset duyo fs mall chil­ dreonfm, e ntpaaltn iste,o ro fp eopleen gagienpd r oudctiavc­e tviitTyo.t hecsomep laiSnovtisec tr itaidcdset dhce h artghea t inrtospcetipvsyec hlogoyw asn etihemrat earlitin soMra rxist. Theis seuo ft hpero perf ramekwf oorSro vipesytc hooglye,s ­ pecilaylf oirt tsi tulledaearr C,he lpancoavm,te o a h eaadtt he FritsP sychnoeurlogoicCaonl gress,h elidnL enngirad1 92i3.n