The Science of Wealth This study clarifies the character of ‘political economy’ as a distinct and separ- able intellectual discipline in the generic sense, in the texts of Adam Smith. It focuses upon the scope and fundamental conceptualizations of the new science. Smith’s conceptualization of economic analysis is shown to constitute a unified intellectual piece for understanding economic society and its dynamics. Smith’s fundamental economic language is exhaustively examined, in all his texts, with a view to clarifying the meaning of the basic concepts of his system. As well, the ‘prehistories’ of those concepts, in literature prior to Smith, back to the earli- est times, are quite comprehensively treated, thereby placing his political economy in its larger historical context and conveying a rich sense of the history of these ideas over the whole course of our civilization. A quite complete account of Smith’s economics as a whole is also entailed by this undertaking: his key substantive economic doctrines are thoroughly con- sidered as well, and all the elements of his economic theory receive attention. To that extent, notwithstanding the focus on concepts, an interpretation of the sub- stance of Smith’s political economy is also provided. This focus is partly motiv- ated by the view that Smith’s intellectual triumph in the history of social science is not so much about the success of specific doctrines. His more considerable theoretical success is at a deeper level: gaining a wide and long-lasting acquies- cence in the conceptual universe framed by the fundamental structures of his system, for a newly emerging discipline. Those who subsequently contested Smithian doctrine did so within Smith’s framework; they did so ‘on his terms’. While the book’s primary purpose is to reconstruct the character of Smith’s political economy as a distinct intellectual enterprise, it also addresses its rele- vance to modern economics, and to policy and practice in contemporary liberal society. This book will be of interest to students and researchers engaged with the history of economic and social thought, as well as philosophy and politics. Tony Aspromourgos is Professor of Economics at the University of Sydney and is the author of On the Origins of Classical Economics: Distribution and Value from William Petty to Adam Smith, also published by Routledge. Routledge studies in the history of economics 1 Economics as Literature 8 The History of Game Theory, Willie Henderson Vol 1 From the beginnings to 1945 2 Socialism and Marginalism in Robert W. Dimand and Economics 1870–1930 Mary Ann Dimand Edited by Ian Steedman 9 The Economics of W. S. 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Sietz Edited by Tatsuya Sakamoto and and Michele Pujol Hideo Tanaka 65 Economics, Economists and 73 Knut Wicksell on Poverty Expectations No place is too exalted From microfoundations to Knut Wicksell macroeconomics Warren Young, Robert Leeson 74 Economists in Cambridge and William Darity Jnr. A study through their correspondence 1907–1946 66 The Political Economy of Public Edited by M. C. Marcuzzo and Finance in Britain, 1767–1873 A. Rosselli Takuo Dome 75 The Experiment in the History 67 Essays in the History of of Economics Economics Edited by Philippe Fontaine and Warren J. Samuels, Robert Leonard Willie Henderson, Kirk D. Johnson and 76 At the Origins of Mathematical Marianne Johnson Economics The Economics of A. N. Isnard 68 History and Political Economy (1748–1803) Essays in honour of P. D. 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